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Background. Uterine fibroid (UF) is a benign tumor of the myometrium and is considered as one of the criteria for the state of women’s reproductive health. Objective information about the incidence of UF in a modern megalopolis allows us to assess the level of health of the female population, characterize the availability and quality of medical care, and plan its development.Aim. To analyze the incidence and prevalence of UF according to the data of medical organizations in Yekaterinburg in 2016–2022.Materials and methods. An epidemiological study of the incidence and prevalence of the adult female population of the city of Yekaterinburg in 2016–2022 was conducted. For the analysis, we used Form No. 12 of the Federal Statistical Observation of Medical Organizations located in the city. The incidence rates were calculated for the average annual female population aged 18 years and over, expressed in 0/0000. Absolute growth (decrease), growth rate (decrease), growth rate (decrease), average growth rate (decrease) were studied. The long-term dynamics of the indicators was determined using the average growth rate.Results. The incidence of UF was 130.890/0000, and the prevalence was 735.800/0000 in 2016. During the pre-pandemic period, the indicators increased significantly in 2019 compared to the baseline year 2016 (р < 0.001). The incidence increased by 1.96 times, the prevalence – by 1.39 times. The indicators decreased to the level of 2016 during the pandemic of new coronavirus infection (2020–2022) (р >0.05).Conclusion. The obtained dynamics of incidence and prevalence of UF in the population of women in a modern megalopolis is considered as a criterion for the state of women’s health, accessibility and quality of preventive and planned medical care for gynecological patients. The results of the study are recommended for planning medical care for women and can form the basis for continuing epidemiological studies.

In 2020, approximately 287,000 mothers died during pregnancy or childbirth, with one of the leading causes of maternal mortality being peripartum hemorrhage. It can be treated both pharmacologically and procedurally, for example, through uterine artery ligation, embolization, or hysterectomy. In case of procedural treatment, it is essential for the medical team to familiarize themselves with the anatomical structure of the patient's uterine arteries. Various variations in the course of this vessel are distinguished, such as the uterine artery branching as a bifurcation with the inferior gluteal artery, a common trunk of the uterine artery with another vessel, or even its duplication. Using radiological techniques such as angiography, it is possible to visualize vessels and their variations, which can allow for better patient care. Unfamiliarity with the departure and trajectory of the uterine artery may be associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications, especially after hysterectomy, where the uterine arteries close at the level of the uterus or at the beginning of their departure from the internal iliac artery. Ligating them in other place may result in ischemia of an area that should be continuously supplied with blood. Also, during surgery, special attention should be paid to possible anatomical variations of the patient's uterine artery, which, although rare, can cause intraoperative complications. A thorough analysis of the departure and trajectory of the uterine artery by physicians can prevent postoperative complications and also allow for the safe conduct of embolization procedures. The following article presents a literature review on the departure and course of the uterine artery and its variations, as well as procedural interventions related to this vessel.

Metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus are characterized by the accumulation of toxic metabolic products in the internal environment of the organism. The development of innovative medicines based on a sorbent matrix modified with biologically active molecules remains relevant. The sorbent composition from aluminum oxide and polydimethylsiloxane is considered promising. The aim of the study. To investigate the effect of the sorbent composition from aluminum oxide and polydimethylsiloxane on the uterus and ovaries of db/db mice with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The sorbent composition (0.665 g/kg in 200 μl of distilled water) was administered to 14-week-old animals through an intragastric tube once a day for 7 days. The comparison groups were female rats injected with placebo (daily intragastrical administration of 200 µl of water for 7 days) and intact animals. Digital images of light-optical preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin were processed using Image-Pro Plus 4.1 software. In the ovaries, the numerical density of primordial, primary, secondary follicles and corpus luteum was determined. The width of the uterus layers, the diameters of the blood and lymphatic vessels, the width of the interstitial fissures in both organs were measured. The statistical significance of differences was determined using the Mann – Whitney test. Results. In the myometrium and endometrium of the uterus of db/db mice, dilatation of arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels and edema were noted due to the accumulation of tissue fluid in the interstitium layers. There were no tertiary follicles in the ovaries. The introduction of the sorbent composition contributed to a decrease in the diameters of arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels of the uterus, a decrease in edema in both organs due to the narrowing of the prelymphatic slits, and stimulated an increase in the numerical density of secondary follicles. Conclusion. A corrective effect of the sorbent composition of aluminum oxide and polydimethylsiloxane on prelymphatic slits, blood and lymphatic vessels in the uterus and ovaries in db/db mice with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus was revealed.

Background. The purpose of the work is to study uterine morphogenesis and dynamics of the cytokine profile of the blood plasma of the reproductive period rats at correcting of methotrexate-induced immunosuppression with imunofan. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 60 white mongrel mature female rats weighing 210-250 g. After synchronizing the estrous cycles, the animals were divided into 2 groups. Immunosuppression was modeled by administration of methotrexate to laboratory animals at a dosage of 10 mg/m2 of body area at the beginning of diestrus, followed by correction by intramuscular injection of the immunomodulatory agent imunofan at a dosage of 50 μg according to the scheme. Rats were taken out of the experiment into the proestrus phase (PE) of the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th estrous cycles, the absolute and relative mass of the uterus, the linear characteristics of its body and horns, and the volume of the organ were measured. Micromorphometric parameters were determined at the lightoptical level. To establish the characteristics of the state of the immune system, the content of mediators of intercellular interaction IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and TNFa in the blood plasma of animals was determined. Results. It was found out that the studied influence has a pronounced effect on the morphometric parameters of the uterus of white mongrel female rats of young reproductive age, and is also accompanied by statistically significant changes in the cytokine profile of animals. Conclusions. The results obtained indicate a favorable effect of imunofan on the dynamics of morphometric parameters of the uterus of mature animals as a corrector of acute immunosuppression.

The aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the linear size of the uterus in women during the frst period of adulthood and old age according to ultrasound examination data. Material and methods. The study was based on the results of ultrasound examination of 53 women with normal pelvic dimensions who were examined at the gynecology department of the Perm Krai Clinical Hospital during the period from 2021 to 2022. All the women consented to the examination, which was performed according to the indications in order to exclude probable pathology of the reproductive system. The ultrasound examination consisted of measuring the longitudinal (length), transverse (width) and anteroposterior (thickness) dimensions of the uterus using transvaginal access. Women were divided into two groups: the frst group consisted of 27 subjects of the frst period of mature age (22 to 35 years), the second group included 26 subjects of advanced age (75 to 88 years). Results. When comparing the indicators of uterine size, their statistically signifcant decrease from the frst period of adulthood to old age: uterine length decreased by 54.5 % (p < 0.001), width – by 57.8 % (p < 0.001), thickness – by 67.8 % (p < 0.001). We believe that this pattern can be substantiated by the onset of postmenopause and a decrease in estrogenic hormone content from reproductive age to senile age. Conclusions. The obtained results of the intravital comparative analysis of the uterus linear dimensions in women of the frst period of adulthood and old age expand the scientifc ideas about age-related features of this organ of the reproductive system, are the basis for further research and can be used by physicians of clinical specialties such as gynecology, gerontology, ultrasound diagnostics.

Background. The physiological regulation of the uterine contractile activity changes with age, which leads to an increased number of prolonged labor and emergency caesarean sections in women giving birth at the age of 35+. One of the modern approaches to correct the function of the reproductive system is the use of from cell cultures. CM from glial cell culture contains neurotrophic factors that play an important role in maintaining the contractile function of the uterus. Current cell culture technologies include cryopreservation. Objective: to research experimentally the effect of CM obtained from intact and cryopreserved cultures of glial cells on the contractile activity of the uterus in rats of different reproductive ages. Materials and methods. The monolayer cell culture was obtained from the dorsal root ganglia of neonatal piglets and cryopreserved in the presence of cryoprotectant dimethyl sulfoxide. CM from native and cryopreserved cultures were collected for 28 days, after which fractions with a molecular weight of < 30 kDa were obtained from them by ultrafiltration. Rats at the age of 6 and 14 months, which corresponds to reproductive age and late reproductive age (LRA), were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 ml of media from intact (ICM) or cryopreserved (CCM) cultures for 9 days. On the 30th – 32nd day after the end of the administration of CM animals were slaughtered and the uterine contractile activity was determined by the organ bath method, the relative area of myometrium and density of myocytes by histological method, the average area of labeling with specific antibodies to smooth muscle actin by immunohistochemical method. The statistical significance of differences was assessed by the Mann–Whitney test. Results. It was found that spontaneous, OT-, and KCl-induced tension of isometric contraction of the uterus in intact LRA rats decreased by 19, 20, and 14%, respectively, compared with intact reproductive aged animals. After the introduction of ICM and CCM in LRA animals, normalization of isometric contraction parameters was observed. This effect was realized against the background of an increase in the area of the myometrium, the density of myocytes, and actin expression. Conclusions. Intra-abdominal administration of CM from glial cell culture increases the uterine contractile activity in LRA rats. This effect is realized by increasing the relative area of the myometrium, the density of myocytes, and the area of expression of smooth muscle actin. The effect of media from intact and cryopreserved cultures on the contractile activity of the uterus was similar, which makes it possible to use low-temperature culture storage technologies to obtain CM without losing its biological effect.

The relevance of the following article is prescribed by the growing number of perinatal mortality and morbidity among newborns due to the mother’s chronic infection of the lower genital tract (HILGT). It is commonly known, that HILGT contributes to the delay of the fetal development likewise is often manifested by the violation of internal organs and systems implementation. One of the most acute topic is the the fetus’ reproductive system in ther early gestation terms. However, the immunohistochemical features of the fetuses’ uterus structure with the gestational term of 21-28 weeks from mothers with HILGT on the current stage of the medical science develpment have not been described yet. The aim of the current research is to identify immunohistochemical features of the fetuses’ uterus structure with the term of gestation of 21-28 weeks from mothers, whose pregnancy is complicated by HILGT. Material of the research: 25 fetuses from mothers, whose course of pregnancy was physiological (group of comparison) as well as 25 fetuses from mothers, whose pregnancy was complicated by HILGT (main group). All fetuses had died intranatally, as a result of acute uterine placental and placental-fetal circulation. Research methods: organometric, histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, statistical. The research results and their discussion: the organometric parameters of the fetuses’ uterus from the main group were clearily decreased in comparison to such parameters in case of the group of comparison. The decrease of the parameter of the uterine wall thickness of fetuses from mothers with the complicated pregnancy prescribes thinning of the main structural components. Namely: endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium. In case of endometrium of fetuses’ uterus a decrease of number of glands and the lack of their functional activity was noticed. It characterizes this layer as structurally immature.At the same time, in case of fetal organs of fetuses from mothers with complicated pregnancies, we could notice an increase in the number of apoptotically altered cells. Comparing to the structure of layers of uterine walls in case of fetuses from mothers with physiological pregnancy, in the uterus of fetuses from mothers with complicated pregnancy our attention is attracted by a massive growth of the connective tissue. In the myometrium it contributes to the disruption of the muscle fibers strusture likewise to its absence in some areas. By the immunohistochemical method it was possible to reveal a prevalence of the collagen of the III type in the structure of connective tissue likewise in the walls of blood vessels. It is connected primarily with disruption of the collagen’ maturation. The vascular component of the uterine wall in case of fetuses from mothers with HILGT differs from ones in case of fetuses from mothers with physiological pregnancy. This difference is grounded on the increase of endothelin-producing activity by vessels of both arterial and venous types. By processing preparations by monoclonal antibodies to estrogen, it has been postulated, that the intensity of the reaction as well as number of cells in the fetuses’ organs of the main group are clearily decreased comparing to ones in cases of fetuses from the group of comparison. The disorders of the fetuses’ uterus in case of fetuses from mothers with HILGT, that were provided in the current article, are prescribed by chronic hypoxia, endocrine disorders as well as influences of the infectious agents, that are taking place in case of such pathology. The characteristic features of the fetuses’ uterus structure in case of fetuses from mothers, whose pregnancy is complicated by HILGT, indicate gross violation in the organ’s implementation on the early stages of the fetal organogenesis, likewise they could be a leading link of pathogenesis of primary infertility’ development in the future ontogenesis.

In the following article we have provided a data towards a comprehensive research of the pathomorphological features of the uterus’ wall structure in case of fetuses from mothers with HILGT comparing to ones in case of fetuses from healthy mothers. The research methods: macroscopic, organometric, histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, statistical. On the basis of the organometric research we have revealed a probable decrease of the weight, length and thickness indexes likewise one of the main components of the uterus wall in case of fetuses from mothers with a complicated pregnancy comparing to ones in case of fetuses from healthy mothers. By applying histological method we have revealed an increased growth of the connective tissue both in the endometrium and myometrium in case of fetuses from mothers with HILGT relatively to one in case of fetuses from mothers with a physiological pregnancy. Moreover, the massive growth of the collagen fibers leads to the disorder in the strucutral organization of the muscle component. The uterus’ endometrium in case of fetuses from the main group could be characterized by a few glands without features of the functional activity comparing to one in case of fetuses from the group of comparison. In the structure of the connective tissue in case of uterus of fetuses from mothers with a complicated pregnancy we have revealed mainly the collagen of the III type, while the collagen of the I type could be revealed in the form of small loci of reduced intensity of glow. By applying the immunohistochemical method we have revealed an increase of the apoptotic index in the endometrium of fetuses from mothers with a chronic infection of the lower genital tracts comparing to one in case of fetuses from healthy mothers. By applying MCAT to endotheline-1 we have revealed an increased glow of the endtheliocytes in the vessels both of arterial and venous types, in case of fetuses from the main group comparing to one in case of fetuses from the group of comparison. In the uterus of fetuses from mothers with HILGT we could observe a decreased hormon producing activity comparing to one in case of fetuses from mothers with a physiological pregnancy. All changes, that were revealed in the uterus of fetuses from mothers with an infectious pathlogy declare an existance of the severe disorder in the implementation and formation of main organ’s components, as well as are caused mainly by a chronic hypoxia as well as influence of the infectious agent. All pathomorphological features of the uterus wall structure in case of fetuses from mothers with HILGT, that were revealed, could contribute subsequently to the complications in the pregnancy’s onset as well as could lead to the disruption of one.

In the following article we present results of the research on the uterus’ wall structure in case of fetuses from mothers, whose pregnancy was complicated by the chronic infection of the lower genital tracts (HILGT), comparing to one in case of fetuses from healthy mothers. The main aim of our research was to disclose immunohistochemical features of the uterus’ wall sructure in case of fetuses with a gestational term of 29-36 weeks. The research methods: macroscopic, organometric, histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, statistical. All fetuses have died intranatally as a result of an acute violation of utero-placental or placenta-fetal circulation. The organometric research has revealed a fact of decrease of the following indexes: namely, the ones of weight, length and thickness of the uterus’ wall in case of fetuses from mothers with a complicated pregnancy. Moreover, the decrease of the thickness’ index is primarily connected with a fact of thinning of the endometrium as a strucutral component of the wall. Staining by picrofuxin according to Van-Gieson has revealed an increase growth of the connective tissue both in endometrium and in myometrium of the uterus wall in case of fetuses from the main group. Moreover, in the muscular component, as a result of the aforementioned phenomenon, we can notice a violation or even in some places a complete lack of the structural organization of muscular fibers. The immunohistochemical research has revealed an increase of an apoptotic index in the endometrium of fetal organs of mothers with a compicated pregnancy comparing to indexes in case of fetuses from healthy mothers, which also contributes to the thinning of the layer as well as atrophic changes in it. In addition, in the strucutre of the connective tissue of the uterus of fetuses from the group of comparison the collagen of the I type prevails, while in case of fetuses from the main group the collagen of the III group prevails. Alongside with aforementioned features in case of fetuses from mothers with HILGT we can emphasize an increased glow of the endotheline-1 in vessels both of arterial and venous types. All changes in the connective tissue structure in the uterus of fetuses from mothers with a complicated pregnancy, that were described above, could contribute to the violation of the organ’s maturing as well as stabilization of its functional activity in the future life. The increased endotheline producing leads to the violaton of the blood supply, as well as could enhance collagenogenesis. The prevalence of the collagen of the III type in a structure of the connective tissue is a manifestation of the chronic hipoxia, under the condition of which the organogenesis of fetuses takes place in case of this pathology as well as leads to the violation of the spatial organization of the uterus’ main structural components. All features of the uterus wall structure in case of fetuses from mothers with HILGT, that have been established above, are prescribed by the chronic hipoxia and replication of the viral agents in the embryonic tissues as well as it could lead to make an implantation and pregnancy more difficult, likewise it could be a reason of development of pregnancy weakness in the following ontogenesis.

In the following article we are going to provide the results of research on uterus’ structure in case of fetuses with a gestational term of 21-28 weeks from mothers, whose pregnancy was complicated by PE of different severity stage (15 cases) comparing to one in case of fetuses from mothers with a physiological pregnancy (15 cases). All fetuses have died intranatally as a result of an acute disorder in uterine-placental and uterine-fetal circulation. The research methods: macroscopic, organometric, histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric and statictical. By applying an organometric method we have revealed a probable decrease of indexes of weight, length and thickness of the uterine’ wall in case of fetuses from mothers with PE comparing to ones in case of fetuses from healthy mothers. The observative histological research had not revealed any significant changes in the strucutre of the organs’ wall in case of fetuses from the study groups. Thus, all organs were represented by mucous, muscular and serous membranes with a clear boundary between them. The comparative morphometric research had revealed the following features of the uterus’ wall structure in case of fetuses from mothers with PE. The indexes of thickness of all structural components of the organ’s wall were clearly decreased comparing to ones in case of fetuses from mothers with a physiological pregnancy. In the uterine endometrium of fetuses from mothers with PE of moderate stage of severity the features of proliferative (hormonal) activity are taking place, however, in the meanwhile, in case of organs of fetuses from mothers with PE of severe stage of severity we could notice a probable decrease of glands’ number as well as a lack of a proliferative activity in them (hypoplastic changes). By applying immunohistochemical method with using MCAT to CD 95 we have disclosed a probable increase of an apoptotic index in organs of fetuses from mothers with a complicated pregnancy towards one in case of fetuses from healthy mothers. Among the specific features of the uterine myometrium strucutre in case of fetuses from mothers with PE we could name the following ones: decrease of the vascular component percentage as well as increase growth of the connective tissue. Moreover, the structure of the connective tissue is represented mostly by the collagen of the III type, while, in case of organs of fetuses from healthy mothers the collagen of the I type prevails. In walls of the vessels of arterial type in case of uterus of fetuses from mothers with PE we could notice an increased glow of the collagen of the III type as well as a probable decrease of glow in case of collagen of the IV type. However, in case of organs’ vessels of fetuses from healthy mothers we could notice an increse of glow of the collagen of the IV type. There is a fact, which attracts an attention to it. Namely, all aforementioned changes in the uterine wall in case of fetuses from mothers with PE are minimally manifested, when the mild course of disease took place, and was maximally manifested in case of severe one. All changes in the uterus in case of fetuses from mothers with PE of different stage of severity, that were postulated above, could contribute to formation of glanduar hyperplasia, endometrial polyps, precancerous diseases as well as endometrial cancer in the subsequent ontogenesis, as well as it could lead to impaired pregnancy and infertility. All aforementioned changes in organs of fetuses from mothers, whose pregnancy was complicated by PE of different stage of severity, were connected with changes in the vascular bed of the mother-placenta-fetus system as well as with endocrine disorders, that take place in case of this pathology, in the organism of pregnant woman.

For the treatment of patients with organs damaged or removed by medical indications, transplantation from donors is currently used. High risks of death, lifelong immunosuppression and an acute shortage of donor organs worsen the prospect of their use. Recent advances in the field of biofabrication indicate the imminent possibility of the emergence of real alternatives to the methods currently used. The biomaterials used create a three-dimensional space in which cells can attach, grow and form new tissues with an appropriate structure and function. Modern research pays special attention to the choice of materials and technologies to ensure the mechanical and physiological properties of the newly created tissue. The review examines modem technologies of regenerative medicine, as well as the results of experimental studies in the field of biofabrication for creating scaffolds, tissue-engineering structures, as well as hollow and fragments of complex organs that already have practical implementation.

Purpose of the study. To study the peculiarities of ovarian blood supply after subtotal hysterectomy in the reproductive age. Materials and methods of research. In accordance with the purpose and objectives of the work 150 women of reproductive age were included, there were 4 groups. 125 patients suffered from uterine leiomyoma, 100 of whom had a hysterectomy (HE) – a supravaginal uterus amputation (SUA), which corresponds to a subtotal HE (SHE). Results. When examining a group of healthy women of the control group, we determined the average volume of the ovaries – 5.2 ± 0.2 cm2, which did not differ from the average size for healthy women of reproductive age. When studying the structure of the ovaries and their size, several large ovarian dimensions (6.0 ± 0.4 cm2) and the presence of cystic changes in some of them have attracted attention in patients with leiomyoma of the uterus. In addition to the study of the anatomical characteristics of the ovaries, we investigated the blood flow in the ovarian arteries, and the study of blood flow was carried out according to the phases of the menstrual cycle in the women of the control group, as well as in patients with uterine leiomyoma – one year before and after the operation. Conclusions. Ultrasound showed a gradual decrease in volume as the duration of the postoperative period increased. Duplex scanning with the determination of indices characterizing the blood flow revealed a slight deterioration in the blood supply of the ovaries within 1 year after removal of the uterus compared with patients with uterine leiomyoma and healthy women of similar age. IER was the most sensitive index, which was the first to react to the change in the tone of the vascular bed. In more than half of operated patients we did not find any cyclic changes in the blood flow in the ovarian artery, which was characteristic of healthy patients of reproductive age. Change in blood flow is early and more sensitive sign of impaired ovarian function. Cystic ovarian changes, found in 2.5 % of patients with uterine leiomyoma after SHE, were combined with a sharp suppression of the blood flow, which allowed us to assert that cystic ovarian changes, in fact, are the cystic degeneration against the background of severe ischemia of the organ. The results obtained should be taken into account when developing an algorithm for managing patients after surgical treatment of uterine fibroids in the volume of the SHE.

Objective. Determination of the diagnostic capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging of the uterus and its appendages (MRHSG) on devices with the induction of the magnetic field 3 Tesla (T) as an alternative to the classic X-ray hysterosalpingography, accompanied by a significant radiation dose to the patient.Material and methods. During the period from April 2015 to February 2016 12 MRHSG was conducted using magnetic resonance imaging apparatus Verio Magnetom 3T, Siemens company (Diagnostic Center "BarsMed", Kazan, Russia). We used neutral and not giving adverse reactions contrast agent – carbon dioxide. The pelvic organs – the uterus and fallopian tubes – represent the zone of interest.Results. Analysis of the data showed that MRHSG on the apparatus with the induction of the magnetic field of 3 T is a highly informative method in the diagnosis of tubal patency, allowing fully assess the state of the pelvic organs on the whole and identify pathology.The absence of radiation exposure and contraindications associated with intolerance to iodinated contrast agents and other side effects differs MRHSG from the traditional X-ray method and makes MRHSG to be an alternative secure method of diagnosis, which has a number of advantages described in the article.Conclusions. MRHSG on the apparatus with the induction of the magnetic field of 3 T in diagnosis of obstruction of the fallopian tubes and the visualization of the uterus and appendages diseases can be optimal and safe alternative to the X-ray hysterosalpingography, which accompanied with radiation exposure and is a number of side effects.

The structure and trend of incidence, geographical prevalence, the comparative analysis and morphology of cancer of uterus, ovaries, vaginas and vulvas among inhabitants of Kabardino-Balkaria during 1990–2014 are presented. Rates of a gain of these new growths considerably exceed the all-Russian indicators especially concerning an endometrium carcinoma, but “rejuvenation” of diseases in Kabardino-Balkaria is not observed. Carcinomas of a body and a neck of a uterus meet among inhabitants of mountainous areas of the region than flat more often. Cancer tumors of endometrium and ovaries affect city dwellers, unlike a uterus neck more. The received results allow revealing actively patients at early stages of diseases, to hold medical examination and preventive events more effectively, to plan rational tactics of treatment of patients.

Aim. To identify features of collagen-synthesizing function of the main components of the uterus of the fetuses. Methods and results. 41 fetuses body structure were studied. Anthropometric, organometric, histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and statistical methods were used. Immunohistochemistry results found a violation of collagen synthesis. Collagen types I and III production was increased and collagen type IV – decreased. Conclusion. This connective tissue peculiarities in uterus wall layers may contribute to the development of the tissue dysplasia and reproductive dysfunction in the future.

Aim. Results of comprehensive study of the morphological structure of the female genital organs of dead fetuses from the mothers with pregnancy complications showed structure abnormalities of the fetus. Methods and results. It was found that uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes undergone unidirectional changes: pronounced sclerotic and atrophic processes along with the phenomena of proliferation and hormonal activity on the part of epithelial component bodies. Hyalinosis and sclerosis of the wall were detected in the vascular component of the gonads. Conclusion. These peculiarities of the structure can lead to a breach of the germinal function in further ontogenesis.

Material of the research includes uterus of foetuses, that were dead on the gestational term between 21 and 41 weeks. According to peculiarities in the pregnancy course this material was divided into groups: foetuses from mothers with physiological pregnancy; foetuses from mothers. whose pregnancy takes its course on the background of the PE with different stages of the severity; and, finally, foetuses from mothers, whose pregnancy was complicated by the chronic infection of lower genital tracts. Research methods: macroscopic, histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, morphometric, statistical. It was shown an excessive proliferation of the connective tissue in all structural components, in the composition of which prevails an immature collagen of the III type. It was also increased a production of the endothelin-1 by the vascular component of organs. In addition, it was defined an oppression of the functional activity of epithelial component by mucosa, which was expressed like decreasing of the hormonal activity of the the organ and increasing of the manifestation stage of apoptosis changes.

Aim. In order to determine the effect of preeclampsia (PE) of the mother on the structural pecularities of uterus of fetuses the structure of the uterus of 41 antenatally dead fetuses was studied using organometric, histologic, histochemical, morphometric and statistical methods. Methods and results. It has been established that the maximum decrease of indices of mass and length of the uterus is in fetuses of mothers with medium degree of PE and severe PE, the minimum - in fetuses of mothers with mild PE. Unidirectional changes were found in the calculation of indicators of the wall thickness of the uterus and its structural components. Histological structure of the uterus of fetuses from mothers with PE is characterized by proliferation of the glandular epithelium; growth of coarse fibrous connective tissue in the mucous membranes and muscle layers; dystrophic and necrotic changes in the vascular endothelium. Conclusion. Identified features can manifest themselves in reproductive dysfunction in the future ontogenesis.

The morphometric parameters of uterus wall in postnatal ontogenesis of first generation offsprings after -ray exposure of male and female rats before coupling were investigated. The animals were exposured by total fractionating -irradiation in a dose 1,0 Gy. The animals were allowed to couple after completion of irradiation. The thickness of myometrium and endometrium of first generation offsprings were measured on 14th, 30th and 90th day of postnatal ontogenesis. The formation of uterus wall layers in first generation offsprings of exposured animals was impaired in postnatal ontogenesis. We observed structural abnormalities and changes of the normal ratio of thickness of uterus wall layers in different age periods.

Volyanska A. Стимулирующее влияние нитрата натрия на формирование посттравматических спаек у самок крыс = The stimulating effect of sodium nitrate on the formation of post-traumatic adhesions in female rats. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(1):315-326. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.45398 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3366 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/710938 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.01.2016. Revised 12.01.2016. Accepted: 31.01.2016. УДК 617.55-001-007.274-092.9-02:549.751.11 СТИМУЛИРУЮЩЕЕ ВЛИЯНИЕ НИТРАТА НАТРИЯ НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ПОСТТРАВМАТИЧЕСКИХ СПАЕК У САМОК КРЫС The stimulating effect of sodium nitrate ON THE FORMATION OF post-traumatic ADHESIONS in female rats А. Г. ВолянскаяA. Volyanska Одесский национальный медицинский университет, Одесса Odessa National Medical University Summary Rationale of the present article is stipulated by the fact that the role of nitrates - the main product of oxidation of NO in the pathogenesis of post-surgical adhesions formation is not well understood. The objective - to study the peculiarities of the formation of post-traumatic adhesions in rats at the background of long-term appointment of sodium nitrate aqueous solution. In the group of animals treated with talc, moderate signs of inflammation of the uterus, manifested in a diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, hyperemia of blood vessels and perivascular edema myometrium, against the backdrop of a distinct inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of the rectum have been recorded. It was found that the use of sodium nitrate in the experiment has a stimulating effect on the formation of post-traumatic adhesions. While prosecting of abdominal cavity adhesions occurred in 8 animals (80%) (95% CI: 55.20-104.79), OR = 36.00 (95% CI: 2.72-476.29). As a result of the analysis of ROC-AUC 0.61 (95% CI: 0.08-1,0). The pronounced manifestation of inflammatory responses by inducing a mild uterine fibrosis and remodeling of blood vessels body has been determined. Combined designation of talc and sodium nitrate also leads to bowel tissue sclerosis and significant strengthening of inflammation. The experiment carried out allowed to identify the main pathogenetic stages of development of adhesions, such as inflammation, angiogenesis and the formation of connective tissue elements. Keywords: adhesive process, white rat, uterus, sodium nitrate. Реферат Актуальность темы обусловлена тем, что роль нитратов – основного продукта реакций окисления NO в патогенезе постхирургического спайкообразования изучена недостаточно. Цель работы – изучить особенностей формирования посттравматических спаек у крыс на фоне продолжительного назначения водного раствора нитрата натрия. В группе животных, получавших тальк, регистрируются умеренные признаки воспаления тканей матки, проявляющиеся в диффузной лимфоплазмоцитарной инфильтрации, гиперемии кровеносных сосудов миометрия и периваскулярном отеке, на фоне четко выраженной воспалительной реакции и фиброза прямой кишки. Установлено, что применение в эксперименте нитрата натрия оказывает стимулирующее влияние на процесс образования посттравматических спаек. При вскрытии брюшной полости спаечный процесс имел место у 8 животных (80%) (95% ДИ : 55,20-104,79), ОШ = 36,00 (95% ДИ : 2,72-476,29). По результатам ROC-анализа ППК 0,61 (95% ДИ 0,08-1,0). Определяется ярко выраженная манифестация воспалительных реакций, индуцируя умеренный фиброз матки и ремоделирование кровеносных сосудов органа. Комбинированное назначение крысам талька и нитрата натрия также приводит к склерозированию тканей кишечника и существенному усилению признаков воспаления. Проведенное экспериментальное исследование позволило определить основные патогенетические этапы развития спаечного процесса, такие как, воспалительный процесс, неоангиогенез и образование элементов соединительной ткани. Ключевые слова: спаечный процесс, белые крысы, матка, нитрат натрия.

Tkachenko М. М., Cherkasova L. A. Кореляції ехометричних параметрів матки та яєчників у різні фази менструального циклу з антропо-соматотипологічними показниками здорових дівчат мезоморфного соматотипу = Correlation echometric parameters of uterus and ovaries in different phases of the menstrual cycle with anthropo-somatotypological indicators of healthy girls of mesomorphic somatotype. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(11):363-372. ISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.34100 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%2811%29%3A363-372 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/671008 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.09.2015. Revised 25.10.2015. Accepted: 20.11.2015. УДК 100.42:621.90.02.001.5:612.627:612.621:575.191:613.954 Кореляції ехометричних параметрів матки та яєчників у різні фази менструального циклу з антропо-соматотипологічними показниками здорових дівчат мезоморфного соматотипу CORRELATION ECHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF UTERUS AND OVARIES IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE WITH ANTHROPO-SOMATOTYPOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF HEALTHY GIRLS OF MESOMORPHIC SOMATOTYPE М. М. Ткаченко, Л. А. Черкасова М. М. Tkachenko, L. A. Cherkasova Національний медичний університет імені О.О. Богомольця, м. Київ National Medical University named after Bohomolets, Kyiv Summary Almost all sonographic uterine size and part of the size ovaries in girls with mesomorphic somatotype identified significant correlations with anthropometric, somatotypological and indicators component composition of body weight during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. All phases of the menstrual cycle inherent uniformity of connections in strength, number and their direction. The length and width of the right ovary, the thickness of the left ovary measured during the follicular phase; the volume of the right and left ovary, width, thickness of the left ovary during ovulation identified; the thickness of the left ovary, determined during the luteal phase, have no statistically significant correlation with any of the indicators of structure and body size. Key words: correlation, uterus, ovaries, sonographic study, girls, body size. Резюме Практично для всіх сонографічних розмірів матки та частини розмірів яєчників у дівчат із мезоморфним соматотипом визначені достовірні кореляції з антропометричними, соматотипологічними і показниками компонентного складу маси тіла в період різних фаз менструального циклу. Всім фазам менструального циклу притаманна однотипність зв’язків за силою, кількістю та їх напрямком. Довжина і ширина правого яєчника, товщина лівого яєчника виміряні під час фолікулінової фази; об’єм правого і лівого яєчника, ширина, товщина лівого яєчника, визначені під час овуляції; товщина лівого яєчника, визначена під час лютеїнової фази, не мають статистично значущих кореляцій з жодним із показників будові і розмірів тіла. Ключові слова: кореляції, матка, яєчники, сонографічне дослідження, дівчата, розміри тіла. Резюме Корреляция ЕХОМЕТРИЧНИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ МАТКИ И ЯИЧНИКОВ В РАЗНЫЕ ФАЗЫ менструального цикла С антропо-соматотипологическими показателями здоровых ДЕВУШЕК мезоморфного соматотипа. Практически для всех сонографических размеров матки и части размеров яичников у девушек с мезоморфным соматотипом определены достоверные корреляции с антропометрическими, соматотипологическими и показателями компонентного состава массы тела в период различных фаз менструального цикла. Всем фазам менструального цикла присуща однотипность связей по силе, количеству и их направлению. Длина и ширина правого яичника, толщина левого яичника измеренные во время фолликулиновой фазы; объем правого и левого яичника, ширина, толщина левого яичника, определенные во время овуляции; толщина левого яичника, определенная в период лютеиновой фазы, вообще не имеют статистически значимых корреляций с показателями строения и размеров тела. Ключевые слова: корреляции, матка, яичники, сонографическое исследование, девушки, размеры тела.

The article describes a rare case of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the endometrium in a 67-year-old woman. According to the literature, only about 90 such observations have been described worldwide. Histological examination revealed three necessary features: the small-cell nature of the tumor, the presence of epithelial and neuroendocrine markers. An IHC study revealed a positive expression of Syn, Chrom A, CD56, CK AE1/AE3 markers; the proliferative activity index was 70%.