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To date, the factors affecting the course of the reparative process after non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) have not been fully determined. There is no systematic information about the regulatory role of the cytokines TGF-β, IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-9, VEGF A 121 and 165 in the formation mechanisms of the newly created pathways consistency of intraocular aqueous humor outflow.Purpose. To determine possible ways of impact of biologically active aqueous humor molecules of the anterior chamber and lacrimal fluid on the hypotensive effect of non-penetrating deep sclerectomy.Methods. A prospective study of 65 patients with open-angle glaucoma before and 12 months after NPDS and 22 patients without eye hydrodynamic disorders with the determination of the initial concentrations of biologically active molecules in the lacrimal fluid and aqueous humor of the anterior chamber. Twelve months after NPDS all patients were divided into three groups, depending on the hypotensive effect of the operation, according to the criteria.Results. Multivariate discriminant analysis showed the greatest inter-group differences, calculated by the square of the Mahalanobis distance, between group 3 with no hypotensive effect of NPDS and the control group (R2 = 8.48, p = 0.001). The most informative features that determine the differences between the 4 groups in the total population, calculated according to the Fischer F-test, were MMP-9 (F = 14.7, p = 0.001) and TGF-β (F = 7.08, p = 0.001) in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber. In pairwise comparison of groups 1 and 2, the maximum level of significance according to the F-criterion was characteristic of the level of tear IL-6 (F = 21.25, p = 0.001), with approximately equal degree – IL-8 (F = 7.85, p = 0.001) and VEGF (F = 7.12, p = 0.001), to a lesser extent TGF of aqueous humor (F = 4.43, p = 0.001) and MMR-9 (F = 2.23, p = 0.001). Between groups 1–3, the maximum differences according to the Fisher criterion were observed in the IL-8 (F = 20.99, p = 0.001), TGF (F = 8.75, p = 0.001) and to a lesser extent – TGF (F = 5.83, p = 0.001).Conclusion. The analysis of the obtained data showed the decisive role of the imbalance of proinflammatory cytokines, signaling proteins with prolymphoangiogenic activity, and MMP-9 in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber, as well as in the initial state of the lacrimal fluid in the postoperative healing processes after NPDS.

Today the mechanisms of pathological scarring and inconsistency of the intraocular fluid outflow pathways after nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS), reducing its effectiveness, have not yet been determined. There is no systematic information about the regulatory role of cytokine TGF-β and MMP-9 in the mechanisms of formation of the newly created intraocular fluid outflow pathways.Aim: to assess changes in the clinical and immunological status of patients with open-angle glaucoma after NPDS in the early postoperative period.Methods. A prospective examination of 26 patients with open-angle glaucoma before and in 1 month after NPDS with determination of concentration of TGF-β and MMP-9 in tear humor. One month after NPDS, all patients were divided into two groups depending on the effect of the operation achieved according to the developed criteria.Results. Before the operation, tears TGF-β values in group 1 exceeded baseline values of group 2 by 1.4 times, the initial content of MMP-9 in tears in both groups was comparable. After the operation, in group 1, a moderate increase in the concentration of tears TGF-β by 1.3 times and a significant increase in the concentration of tears MMP-9 in 4.6 times compared with baseline values were revealed. In patients of group 2, after NPDS, there was a significant increase in the concentration of tears TGF-β, on average, 2.4 times relative to preoperative values, the content of MMP-9 did not significantly change.Conclusion. 1 month after NPDS, an imbalance in the concentration of TGF-β and MMP-9 in tears was detected in patients of the two groups that have fundamental clinical differences in the hypotensive effect and the formation of postoperative intraocular fluid outflow pathways.

Background. Age-related decline in accommodation in patients with emmetropia, myopia and hyperopia is characterized by multidirectional changes in the thickness of the ciliary muscle and the configuration of the inner apex of the ciliary body. The structural and functional state of the ciliary muscle and its individual components and the patterns of their change with age in patients with hyperopia remain little studied.Aim: to study the structural and functional state of the ciliary muscle and its components in patients with hyperopia using mathematical modeling methods.Methods. 110 patients (220 eyes) with axial hyperopia were examined. The first group consisted of patients aged 18–30 years – 20 people. The second group consisted of 80 patients aged 45–65 years. The control group consisted of 30 healthy volunteers aged from 18 to 30 years. All patients underwent ultrasound biomicroscopy, on the basis of which a spatial-mathematical model was created using the ImageJ software package.Results and conclusion. In patients with hyperopia, in the aging process there is a transformation of the ciliary body and the restructuring of its muscular components. Structural irido-ciliary relationships in young patients with emmetropia and hyperopia significantly differ in the location and configuration of the inner apex of the ciliary body, the degree of emphasis on the circular portion of the ciliary muscle.

Analysis of lens changes in Marfan syndrome (MS), in addition to assessing the position of the lens itself, should include the possibility of examining its supporting and accommodative components (ciliary zonule and ciliary body), or what can be called the entire anatomical complex of the lens. Optical methods of studying the structures of the anterior segment of the eye, due to iris opacity, allow only to analyze the state of the lens within the natural or medically enlarged pupil width. Visualization of the structures located behind the iris is possible with the use of radiation diagnostic methods, in particular ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM)., Purpose: This study assesses the state of the anatomical complex of the lens in MS using UBM., Material and Methods: The study was carried out on clinical material previously used by us to analyze changes in the fibrous membrane of the eye in MS. At the first stage, the main (19 patients with MS, 38 eyes) and the control (24 patients with myopia, 48 eyes) groups were formed for comparative evaluation. The formed groups were standardized according to the age of the patients and the axial length of the eye. At the second stage, patients with MS were divided into subgroups depending on the absence or presence of biomicroscopic signs of ectopia lentis (22 and 16 eyes, respectively). For UBM, an ultrasound linear sensor with a scanning frequency of 50 MHz was used (Aviso device, Quantel Medical, France). Various biometric UBM indicators were determined: lens thickness, diameter of the lens, lens-axial length factor, iris-lens angle, iris-lens contact distance, posterior chamber depth, length of the fibers of ciliary zonule, thickness of the ciliary body, sclera-ciliary process angle., Results: There are changes in the anatomical complex of the lens as a whole in MS (in the lens itself, the ciliary zonule, and the ciliary body), which are characterized by an increase in lens thickness and a decrease in the diameter of the lens, an increase in the length of the fibers of the ciliary zonule and a decrease in the thickness of the ciliary body. At the same time, the displacement of the lens detected by optical biomicroscopy (ectopia lentis) can be considered as an advanced stage of changes in the anatomical complex of the lens., Conclusion: UBM provides the possibility of full-fledged visualization of all components of the anatomical complex of the lens in terms of both diagnostics, and monitoring of changes in MS. The question of the advisability of including this method in the algorithm for diagnosing ocular manifestations in order to verify the MS remains open. Possible obstacles may be, on the one hand, related to the need for special and expensive equipment, and on the other hand, the absence of a generally accepted «normal» values of UBM indicators of the anatomical complex of the lens.

The objective assessment of status of intraocular fluid outflow pathways afterfistulizing antiglaucomatous surgery is a necessary efficacy prediction component of glaucoma surgery. Based on complex assessment of operative zone, including ultrasound biomicroscopy, at different dates after non-penetrating deep sclerotomy the attempt of development of clinical classification of fluid outflow pathways was made. The basis of this classification is sign of morphological heterogeneity of the examined structures. In the study the parameters of the functional state of the trabeculae-Descemet's membrane were determined: the height 0.8 ± 0.09 mm, thickness 0.09 ± 0.004 mm and acoustic density < 55 ± 10 %; timelines of sclerosis -1-1.5 months after surgery. This was the rationale for the principle of a two-stage non-penetrating deep sclerectomy and indication for laser descemetogoniopuncture in terms of 1-1.5 months after the operation in the absolute number of cases. Postoperative UBM monitoring allowed determining the period of active remodeling of newly formed intraocularfluid outflow pathways in norm and their pathological formation - 6 months after the intervention. Developed system of assessment of surgically formed fluid outflow pathways by proposed method allows monitor dynamics of fluid outflow pathways forming, standardize results and determine choice of further treatment.

Purpose. To study anatomical-topographical features of the anterior segment of the eye at different stages of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) based on the ultrasound biomicroscopy, to determine criteria of disease progression and to assess the possibilities to use the obtained data for an optimization of the laser and surgical treatment.Material and methods. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was performed in 217 eyes of 123 premature babies in the gestation terms of 26-34 weeks, of them: at the ROP stage I – 44 eyes (20%) 25 newborn children, at the stage II – 35 eyes (16%) 21 newborn babies, at the stage III – 42 eyes (19%) 24 newborns, at the stage IV – 49 eyes (22.5%) 28 newborns, at the stage V – 47 eyes (21.7%) 25 newborns. the control group consisted of 20 premature babies (40 eyes) without ROP signs and other eye diseases aged from 1 to 4 months.Results. The conducted research allowed to calculate angular and linear parameters for premature babies with no ROP signs, and also for babies of the ac tive ROP stages III, IV and V. Specificity of spatial correlations in structures of the anterior segment of the eye was defined for children with different ROP stages.Сonclusion. Specific structural violations were revealed by the UBM method in the area of the far retinal periphery, as well as in the postzonular and retrolental spaces in case of the ROP stages IV and V. The use of ultrasound biomicroscopy data in the ROP case allows to optimize the parameters of laser irradiation in the ROP stages III and II with adverse types of ROP course, to clarify the volume of surgical intervention at ROP stage IV, identify the optimum area of an operational access at ROP stage V.

Purpose. To evaluate clinical morphological characteristics or iris-ciliary zone in patients with secondary posttraumatic aniridic glaucoma.Material and methods. The study included 43 patients (43 eyes) aged 18-62 years with secondary posttraumatic aniridic glaucoma: after open globe injury – 32 eyes and contusion trauma – 11 eyes; primary surgical debridement was performed at the place of residence. Associated pathology: traumatic cataract – 15 patients, aphakia – 28 patients. Time after trauma was 5-9 years. All patients underwent reconstructive surgeries, including iris-lens diaphragm implantation and deep sclerectomy with hydrogel drainage implantation. The follow-up period was 18 months. The standard ophthalmologic examination and the additional ultrasound bio-microscopy were performed in preand post-operative period. Fragments of sclera were excised intra-operatively during the opticoreconstructive surgery with deep sclerectomy in 3 patients and were studied in histological examination.Results. The performed complex morphological studies revealed the continuation of fibroplastic processes at all levels of aqueous humor outflow despite the long period after trauma (5-9 years). According to the ultrasound biomicroscopy data in vivo, there was a sclerotic deformation of ciliary body and its processes, collapse of trabecular meshwork with locuses of its occlusion with iris root. However, according to the histopathologacal data, cicatrization process was not completed, the evidence of this was a fibroplastic cell reaction with neo-vascular invasion. Probably, this contributes to the block of neo-formed intra-scleral outflow pathways. All this can explain unstable results after surgery for secondary glaucoma in eyes with aniridia.Conclusion. The found features of iris-ciliary zone should be taken into consideration during the reconstructive and glaucoma surgery in patients with secondary aniridic glaucoma. The revealed factor of uncompleted fibroplastic process with a moderate active cell and vessel proliferation needs a further study to increase the efficacy of prevention and treatment in such group of patents.

Purpose. To estimate by ultrasound biomicroscopy the features of iridocilliary zone in cases of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and uncompensated intraocular pressure (IOP) level after laser iridectomy and to determine indications to pathogenic operation.Material and methods. 43 patients (48 eyes) with PACG and uncompensated intraocular pressure (IOP) level after laser iridectomy have been selected for this investigation. The comparative group included 38 health persons (46 eyes) without glaucoma and with transparent lens. All cases and controls underwent complete ophthalmic examinations. Parameters of iridocilliary structures, configuration of the anterior and posterior chambers were measured using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM «Humphrey-840», USA).Results. UBM allowed determining the specific evidences of block induced by lens in all cases of PACG, despite having a patent laser peripheral iridectomy. In these cases there was the displacement lens-iris diaphragm forward independent of lens thickness and its opacity. Distance between iris and lens shortened up to 0.18±0.01mm and was significantly less than normal eyes (0.33±0.01mm). The posterior chamber has been lost the correct three-angular configuration decreasing of its area and volume. The indications for phacoemulsification were determined in all cases of block induced by lens independed of its opacity. After phacoemulsification with IOL intraocular pressure decreased from a mean preoperative level by 11.6±1.9mmHg. Visual acuity became better: 0.8-1.0 in 66.7%. Phacoemulsiaicftion eliminates block induced by lens restoring anatomic topographic relationships of structures of iridocilliary zone in all cases. Anterior chamber depth increased significantly: from 1.58±0.03 mm preoperatively to 3.16±0.08mm postoperatively. Cornea-iris contact was disappeared and correct configuration of posterior chamber was restored.Conclusion. Lens phacoemulsification is pathogenic operation in cases of PACG with anterior chamber angle block induced by lens after laser iridectomy. Phacoemulsiaicftion allowed to decrease of intraocular pressure, to achieve of its stability and to restore anatomic topographic relationships of iridocilliary zone.

Purpose. Rationales for parameters of laser irradiation in contact transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (Diode CYC) taking into account ciliary body changes determined by means of ultrasound biomycroscopy (UBM) in patients with terminal glaucoma.Material and methods. There were examined 32 patients aged 58-87 years with terminal glaucoma with pain syndrome. The contact diode CYC with different laser energy has been performed. The group 1 (14 eyes) with a «maximum energy dose» included 16 applications of laser energy in 4 segments of a 270° circumference, at a 1.2-1.5mm distance from the limbus, a 1800 mW of power, a 3-second exposition and a 5.4 J pulse (86.4 J of total energy). The group 2 (18 eyes) with a «medium energy dose»: 6 applications of laser energy in 2 segments of 180° circumference, a 1200 mW of power, a 3-second exposition and a 3.6 J pulse (43.2 J of total energy). Usual clinical methods: tonometry, ultrasonic B-scanning, biomicroscopy, ophtalmoscopy, gonioscopy were added with the UBM, that was perfomed before the operation and in postoperative follow up: 3, 14, 28 days, 3 and 6 months.Results. Obtained data was in the basis of differential choice of contact Diode CYC parameters. In case of pronounced ciliary body atrophy which thickness was less than the averaged calculated (less 0.54mm), a more delicate parameters of summary laser energy (group 2) was used. The reduction of ciliary body thickness 6 months later averaged 0.15mm (0.09-0.25mm) (Table 2) and in no cases reached a critical level (0.3mm). In cases of relative maintenance of ciliary body (more than 0.54 mm) the parameters of laser energy were more intensive (the first group). The contact Diode CYC was stopped decreased the intraocular pressure (IOP) by the average of 9.78±4.3mmHg 6 months later. The pain syndrome was stopped. However, even in absence of its complete normalization IOP. Complications took place in 5 cases only of maximum parameters of laser energy: hyphaema (2 cases), uveitis (3 cases) and 1 case of cyliochoroidal detachment.Conclusion. A differential approach in choice of laser parameters for a contact Diode CYC taking into account the presence and degree of the ciliary body atrophy allowed to minimize complications, to remove the pain syndrome and to decrease opthalmotonus.

Currently, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is the only diagnostic method that uses a 50‑100 MHz transducer with a depth of penetration of 4 mm. This provides greater sensitivity and resolution.Aim. To visualize meibomian glands and to evaluate their morphological and functional status using UBM.Methods. UBM was performed in 14 patients aged 29‑81 with obvious meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and healthy meibomian glands. 6 patients had no biomicroscopic signs of blepharitis while 8 patients had biomicroscopic signs of blepharitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, and MGD.Results. UBM provides detailed information on meibomian glands and eyelid margins and their pathological conditions, i.e., eyelid margin thickening due to inflammation, meibomian gland orifice obstruction, increase in distance between meibomian glands due to their atrophy, and cartilaginous tissue destruction. UBM findings may depend on patient age as well as on disease stage and severity. When re-positioning UBM transducer, bullous conjunctiva and subconjunctival cysts can be visualized. This provides differential diagnosis between opaque cysts and tumors.Conclusion. UBM combined with standard exams increases information value, reliability, and accuracy of the diagnostics of anterior segment disorders and facilitates the development of targeted therapeutic approaches. Further studies on diagnostic value of conjunctiva and eyelids UBM are required.

Aim. To analyze the initial atrophy of ciliary body in patients with painful terminal glaucoma using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and the progression of ciliary body atrophy following transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) considering total laser energy used.Materials and methods. 56 patients (92 eyes) with terminal painful glaucoma were examined. In these patients, TSCPC with total laser energy ranged from 43.2 to 86.4 mJ was performed. Total laser energy parameters for TSCPC were determined according to the presence and degree of ciliary body atrophy of the affected eye as compared withhealthy one. Additionally, 5 terminal glaucoma eyes with clinically apparent eye globe sub-atrophy following previous TSCPC with total laser energy above the level used in this study were examined.Results. In all terminal glaucoma patients, various degrees of ciliary body atrophy was revealed using UBM. This atrophy was diagnosed by ciliary body thinning as compared with healthy eye by 28.37 %. Post-op reaction degree following TSCPC depends on total laser energy. Total laser energy parameters selection depending on initial ciliarybody atrophy reduces pain syndrome, minimizes post-op complications, prevents further ciliary body atrophy progression and decrease IOP to sub-compensated level.Conclusion. Mathematical analysis of ciliary body thickness changes depending on laser energy used was assumed as a basis of nomogram construction that provides individual calculation of maximum allowable and minimally required total laser energy.

Purpose: UBM-investigation of the periphery of retina and adjoining vitreous body with different peripheral retinal degeneration.Methods: Forty-seven eyes of 37 patients were studied by biomicroscopy with free-miror lens. In the first group (28 eyes) were included patients with different peripheral retinal degeneration, the second group (19 eyes) — without changes of the peripheral retina and adjoining vitreous body. UBM-investigation of the periphery of retina and vitreous adjoining body was carried out device of com- pany «Sonоmed» (USA) with frequency of sound — 50 mHz and resolving capacity 50 mc.Results: Retinoschisis of the different studies was revealed in 86% сases with peripheral retinal degeneration and in 42% without it. In 22 eyes (78.6%) were observed the changes of adjoining vitreous body to peripheral retina in the form of whitish packing, that was considered as initial vitreoretinopathy.Conclusion: Peripheral retinosсhisis different intensity was determed by ultrasound biomicroscopy in 86% сases with peripheral retinal degeneration and in 42% without it. Peripheral retinosсhisis was attended changes of adjoining vitreous body in the form, that was considered as initial vitreoretinopathy.

ABSTRACT Purpose. To estimate by ultrasound biomicroscopy the features of iridocilliary zone in cases of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and uncompensated intraocular pressure (IOP) level after laser iridectomy and to determine indications to pathogenic operation. Material and methods. 43 patients (48 eyes) with PACG and uncompensated intraocular pressure (IOP) level after laser iridectomy have been selected for this investigation. The comparative group included 38 health persons (46 eyes) without glaucoma and with transparent lens. All cases and controls underwent complete ophthalmic examinations. Parameters of iridocilliary structures, configuration of the anterior and posterior chambers were measured using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM «Humphrey-840», USA). Results. UBM allowed determining the specific evidences of block induced by lens in all cases of PACG, despite having a patent laser peripheral iridectomy. In these cases there was the displacement lens-iris diaphragm forward independent of lens thickness and its opacity. Distance between iris and lens shortened up to 0.18±0.01mm and was significantly less than normal eyes (0.33±0.01mm). The posterior chamber has been lost the correct three-angular configuration decreasing of its area and volume. The indications for phacoemulsification were determined in all cases of block induced by lens independed of its opacity. After phacoemulsification with IOL intraocular pressure decreased from a mean preoperative level by 11.6±1.9mmHg. Visual acuity became better: 0.8-1.0 in 66.7%. Phacoemulsiaicftion eliminates block induced by lens restoring anatomic topographic relationships of structures of iridocilliary zone in all cases. Anterior chamber depth increased significantly: from 1.58±0.03 mm preoperatively to 3.16±0.08mm postoperatively. Cornea-iris contact was disappeared and correct configuration of posterior chamber was restored. Conclusion. Lens phacoemulsification is pathogenic operation in cases of PACG with anterior chamber angle block induced by lens after laser iridectomy. Phacoemulsiaicftion allowed to decrease of intraocular pressure, to achieve of its stability and to restore anatomic topographic relationships of iridocilliary zone.

ABSTRACT Purpose. Rationales for parameters of laser irradiation in contact transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (Diode CYC) taking into account ciliary body changes determined by means of ultrasound biomycroscopy (UBM) in patients with terminal glaucoma. Material and methods. There were examined 32 patients aged 58-87 years with terminal glaucoma with pain syndrome. The contact diode CYC with different laser energy has been performed. The group 1 (14 eyes) with a «maximum energy dose» included 16 applications of laser energy in 4 segments of a 270° circumference, at a 1.2-1.5mm distance from the limbus, a 1800 mW of power, a 3-second exposition and a 5.4 J pulse (86.4 J of total energy). The group 2 (18 eyes) with a «medium energy dose»: 6 applications of laser energy in 2 segments of 180° circumference, a 1200 mW of power, a 3-second exposition and a 3.6 J pulse (43.2 J of total energy). Usual clinical methods: tonometry, ultrasonic B-scanning, biomicroscopy, ophtalmoscopy, gonioscopy were added with the UBM, that was perfomed before the operation and in postoperative follow up: 3, 14, 28 days, 3 and 6 months. Results. Obtained data was in the basis of differential choice of contact Diode CYC parameters. In case of pronounced ciliary body atrophy which thickness was less than the averaged calculated (less 0.54mm), a more delicate parameters of summary laser energy (group 2) was used. The reduction of ciliary body thickness 6 months later averaged 0.15mm (0.09-0.25mm) (Table 2) and in no cases reached a critical level (0.3mm). In cases of relative maintenance of ciliary body (more than 0.54 mm) the parameters of laser energy were more intensive (the first group). The contact Diode CYC was stopped decreased the intraocular pressure (IOP) by the average of 9.78±4.3mmHg 6 months later. The pain syndrome was stopped. However, even in absence of its complete normalization IOP. Complications took place in 5 cases only of maximum parameters of laser energy: hyphaema (2 cases), uveitis (3 cases) and 1 case of cyliochoroidal detachment. Conclusion. A differential approach in choice of laser parameters for a contact Diode CYC taking into account the presence and degree of the ciliary body atrophy allowed to minimize complications, to remove the pain syndrome and to decrease opthalmotonus.

Purpose: This study analyzed cases with postoperative displacement of intraocular lens (IOL) relative to the haptic plane using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM)., Material and Methods: The study analyzed biometry data of 231 patients (277 eyes) aged 72.39±7.77 years, among them 43.25% were males. IOL position and refraction were analyzed at 1, 3 and 6 months after standard phacoemulsification., Results and Discussion: UBM was performed to analyze the position of the IOL. Stabilization of lens position was observed by the 3 rd month of observation. Among the cases with displacement of the optical part relative to the haptic plane, the forward shift was determined in 24.85%, backward - in 16.67% of cases. Eyes with opposite IOL displacements differed significantly in lens diameter, ciliary sulcus diameter and the power of implanted IOL. IOL shift towards the retina produced significant hyperopic refractive error. A discriminant function was compiled using preoperative biometry data comprising the model for predicting backward IOL displacement with high probability. However, we failed to obtain a qualitative model for forward IOL displacements., Conclusion: Calculation error in modern formulas could occur because of IOL displacement, including the shift of the optical part relative to the haptic plane in postoperative period. Analysis of biometry data allows calculating IOL displacement towards the retina with a high probability, which could help avoid hyperopic refraction error postoperatively.

This article reviews etiological factors in the development of lacrimal punctal stenosis, modern diagnostic techniques, as well as both conservative and surgical treatment methods. The presented analysis is based on data from 67 literary sources, which provide information on conventional and high-tech examination and treatment methods of patients with lacrimal punctal stenosis. Particular attention is paid to various aspects of punctoplasty - the most common surgical intervention used to treat this pathology.

Purpose: To determine the informative value of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) with A-scan for assessment of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of eyelid tumors less than 5 mm in size., Material and Methods: The study included 25 patients (25 eyes) with eyelid tumors less than 5 mm in size. In addition to standard ophthalmic examination, complex ultrasound diagnostics including B-scan, Color Doppler imaging and UBM with A-scan were performed. The localization, size, structure of eyelid tumors and the state of perifocal tissues were evaluated. All patients underwent surgical treatment with following histological examinations of dissected tissues. Due to qualitative analysis of the studied formations and small number of included patients, there was no need in statistical analysis of the data., Results: Complex application of UBM and A-scan allowed specifying the localization, size, structure of the small-sized tumors and detecting typical echographic signs of benign or malignant properties of the pathological process. Ultrasound data (UBM and A-scan) of eyelid tumors was highly correlated to histological features., Conclusion: UBM with A-scan can be recommended for differential diagnostics of small-sized tumors and optimizing their management.

Postsurgical macular edema, known as Irvine-Gass syndrome, is one of the possible causes of reduced visual acuity in phaco surgery. The literature review provides summarized data on pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical manifestations, classification and basic approaches to diagnosis based on modern techniques.

According to a prospective review study by H. Gimbel, A. Willerscheidt (1993), among 2967 cataract cases analyzed in 1991, mature intumescent cataract was observed in 34 (1.15%) patients., Purpose: To determine the parameters of the ocular anterior segment in patients with intumescent cataract and in their fellow eyes using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) for identification of differential characteristics of intumescent cataract., Material and Methods: The results of preoperative diagnostic examination of the anterior segment of the eye with UBM of 21 patients (21 eyes) with intumescent cataract and their 21 fellow eyes (42 eyes in total) were analyzed., Results: The mean anterior chamber depth according to UBM was 1.96±0.108 mm (from corneal endothelium), in the fellow eyes - 2.74±0.11 mm. The anterior chamber angle was 11.54±2.19°, in the fellow eyes - 20.63±4.08°. The lens thickness in the eyes with intumescent cataract was 5.26±0.13 mm, in the fellow eyes - 4.34±0.09 mm. The length of Zinn ligaments in the external, interior and superior ocular segments of the main group eyes were equal, in the inferior segments they were longer by 0.1 mm. The difference in Zinn ligament length in the eyes with intumescent cataract and fellow eyes was approximately 0.1-0.15 mm in all segments. The equatorial angle in the eyes with intumescent cataract was 32.52±0.92°, in the fellow eyes - 14.85±1.09°., Conclusion: A differential symptom of intumescent cataract was identified - complete spherophakia, as confirmed by a specific UBM sign: increase of the equatorial angle by 17° in comparison with the fellow eye, while the length of Zinn ligament remains equal in all segments.