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Papillomavirus infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. The aim of the study was to study the etiologic significance of the papillomavirus infection in the development of background diseases of the cervix and neoplasia. Under observation were 62 patients aged 18 to 55 years infected with human papillomavirus. All patients underwent complex clinical and anamnestic, laboratory and instrumental examination. Also, a review and advanced colposcopy was performed. As a result of the study, 53 (85.4%) women under observation were found to have various pathologies of the cervix. Dysplasia of mild degree (CIN 1 degree) was found in 12 (57.1%), moderate dysplasia (CIN 2 degree) - in 9 (42.9%) women. With further examination, it was found that patients along with dysplasia of varying severity had concomitant pathology of the cervix uteri. Cervical dysplasia was most often diagnosed in combination with another pathology of the cervix, which accounted for 85.7% of cases. It has been established that squamous epithelial lesion of the cervix is most often a consequence of late diagnosis and an untreated background process. At the same time, modern diagnostics requires a whole range of diagnostic measures to establish a diagnosis in the early stages of development and conduct differential diagnosis of a benign or malignant process.

A cytological examination of 425 sexually active females aged 13-17 established cervical HPV infection incidence at 30.3 +/- 2.2% while that of cervical dysplasia--4.5 +/- 1.0%. The risk factors for HPV infection included low education and income level (p < 0.05), number of sexual partners exceeding three (p < 0.05), poor hygienic standards of woman (p < 0.05) and those of partner (p < 0.001) and smoking of more than 5 cigarettes per day (p < 0.001). The risk factors of cervical epithelial dysplasia were number of partners of 5 or more (p < 0.001), poor hygienic standards of male partner (p < 0.001) and smoking of 10 cigarettes and more per day (p < 0.001), etc.

Cytomorphological signs of epithelial cells were analyzed in scraping off the cervix uteri of 607 women living in the zone of increased radiation background. The examined group consisted mainly of women aged 30 to 50. In 9.3% (57 cases) dysplastic changes in the squamous epithelium were revealed, among which slight dysplasia predominated -- basal-cell hyperactivity (40 cases). No cases of malignant transformation were detected. The authors noted some signs which commonly do not occur in the absence of an increased radiation background and may be conditionally regarded as a result of indirect effect of radiation on female cells.

The paper analyzes risk factors for underlying and precancerous processes of the cervix uteri in females. The application of a mathematical instrument and computers made it possible to define the most significant risk factors and to evaluate the degree of their impact. The findings may be used in the program test in performing mass prophylactic surveys to identify a group of females who are at a high risk and require a more detailed examination.

Recent data on the role of human papillomaviruses in the arising and development of cervical neoplasia are reviewed. Cervical dysplasia is characterized, its natural history and the role of papillomaviruses in arising of dysplasia and cervical cancer are described. Modern results on identification of the capsid antigen and DNA of human papillomaviruses in different cervical lesions are presented. Several types of papillomaviruses with different oncogenic potential, as well as molecular aspects of the virus gene expression and cellular differentiation are discussed.