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Over the past ten years, the small ruminant population in the Russian Federation grew sharply, especially goat population in backyards and on small-scale farms. Alongside with the population growth, clinical signs of some sporadic diseases or diseases that had not been previously registered were detected in animals. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is one of such diseases. It is a chronic infectious disease caused by a small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) of the Retroviridae family, which includes four genotypes, of which genotypes A (maedi-visna – MVV virus) and B (caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus – CAEV) are of epizootic significance. The disease is characterized by long asymptomatic viral transmission and is associated with progressive lesions in the respiratory organs, joints and udder. The disease also affects nervous system in kid goats aged between 2 and 3 months. Clinical signs of caprine arthritis-encephalitis are not pathognomonic; therefore, it is often misdiagnosed, thus, resulting in a barrier to effective treatment. Given the fact, the issue of antemortem and postmortem diagnosis of caprine arthritis-encephalitis is still urgent, because most veterinary specialists have never encountered this disease and the data available in the literature often do not fully cover all clinical details and pathomorphological features. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to study CAE clinical signs and pathomorphological changes. The article describes in detail clinical manifestation of this disease, postmortem lesions in organs and tissues of the sick animals. The results obtained suggest that the destructive changes in the exposed organs are irreversible and, consequently, there is no effective treatment.

The purpose of the present study is to assess how cultivation conditions influence growth and formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. The topic is of great importance due to high incidence of P. aeruginosa-caused infections and P. aeruginosa resistance associated with its ability to form biofilms. The paper analyzes factors that influence biofilm formation, i.e.: growth phase used for inoculation (log, stationary), volume of the growth medium (0.2 and 1.0 ml) and concentration of nutrients (liquid nutrient media diluted to concentrations of 50; 25; 12.5 and 6%) in the cultivation volume. As the research demonstrates, all these factors influence biofilm formation; and a P. aeruginosa growth phase before inoculation is a determining factor in the biofilm formation. When P. aeruginosa is inoculated at a stationary phase, biofilm formation shows non-linear dependence on concentration of nutrients and on their total amount in the cultivation volume. The linear dependence of biofilm formation on concentration of nutrients in the culture medium is more pronounced, when P. aeruginosa is inoculated at a log phase. The study shows that lower concentrations of nutrient media components lead to more noticeable differences in biofilm formation, and such differences are statistically significant. Two-fold dilution of the liquid nutrient medium does not affect the intensity of biofilm formation; however, a 4 to 8-folddecrease in concentration of nutrients in 0.2 ml of cultivation volume in habited the biofilms formation. In 1.0 ml of the culture medium, the biofilm forms evenly, and in 0.2 ml of 4–8-fold dilution of nutrient medium it grows slower. The slow growth rate is statistically significant. The cultivation volume is also of great importance. For example, cultures grown in 0.2 ml of nutrient medium at different concentrations of nutrients formed fewer biofilms than microorganisms cultivated in 1.0 ml. At the same time, when inoculating P. aeruginosa both at log and stationary growth phases, biofilm formation is more pronounced in wells containing more cultivation volume.

The aim is the assessment of structural and functional state of common carotid artery by ultrasound in patients with non-Hodgkin malignant lymphomas (NHML) before and after chemotherapy.Materials and methods. The common carotid artery of 111 patients at different stages of NHML were examined via a “LOGIC 400” ultrasound.Results. The common carotid artery of patients with NHML is undergoing morphological modification with changes in thickness and diameter, which corresponds to a hypertrophic type of remodeling. There is an increase in the thickness of the complex “intima-media” and Kernogan`s index with decreasing the common carotid artery diameter by comparison with the control group. Chemotherapy improves the parameters of the common carotid artery while reducing the thickness of the complex “intima-media” and Kernogan`s index at different stages of NHML.Conclusion. Remodeling of the common carotid artery is associated with the developmental stage of NHML. Chemotherapy leads to an improvement of the morphological parameters of the common carotid artery, which evaluates the effect of the treatment.

Existing methods for determining the effective power, based on the calculation of the average indicator operation of the engine during the piston stroke, do not take into account the change in thermodynamic parameters and the polytropic operation of the engine, the value of which depends on the polytropic efficiency of the duty cycle. This is the reason that the calculation of the effective power leads to some error – the margin of the engine features. The identification of this stock allows us to review the entire line of dump trucks in the direction of increasing their pass- port effective capacity, which will lead to a reduction in capital purchase costs due to the choice of a previously un- derestimated and cheaper option, as well as a reduction in current operating costs due to a decrease in the specific fuel consumption rate. Taking into account the stochastic nature of the transport process and assessing the influence of all external and internal factors when calculating the rational mode of operation of a mining truck can further reduce specific fuel consumption by choosing the rational speed of its movement in loaded and empty directions.