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Background. Cattle hypodermosis is a chronic parasitic disease (entomosis) that occurs as a result of parasitizing the larvae of warble flies in the body of animals. Disease is common in more than 55 countries of the world, causing great economic damage. It is considered as a parasitic disease with a certain zoonotic potential. Purpose. To conduct research on biological and ecological features of the warble flies that determines certain epidemiological traits of the caused pathology in Tavush Region of Armenia. Materials and methods. The observations were carried out in Tavush Region, and the experiments were carried out at the Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Sanitary Expertise at the Armenian National Agrarian University. The warble flies marked with stain, were released at a distance of 0.5 to 1.5 km from livestock farms with subsequent search and trapping of insects, located on pastures and on the skin of animals. Generally, 275 warble flies were released. Warble fly activity was evaluated visually counting the comparative number of flying insects at the fixed point per minute at different times of the day, as well as animal anxiety state caused by warble flies was identified. Statistical processing of experimental data was performed by means of “Vassart.net” online calculator. Results. Female warble flies Hypoderma bovis flew up to 12.1 km, while female warble flies H. lineatum did it up to 8.6 km. Females of H. bovis and H. lineatum demonstrated various spatial and circadian flying activity that depends on season, and altitude above the sea level. Spring generation of warble flies is more resistant to low air temperatures compared to the summer generation. Mild and humid summers, as well as an increase in the number of animals, contribute to an increase in the population of warble flies, while high temperature and high soil moisture contribute to the mass death of warble fly pupae developing in the ground. Conclusion. The research data cited in the article, detect the presence of a wide range of biocenotic factors that determine the epidemiology of cattle hypodermosis in the Tavush region of the Republic of Armenia. Cattle hypodermosis control plan was designed based on the results of the research, as well as natural and climatic conditions of Tavush region. Pasture prevention activities and periodic treatment of the cattle with insecticides were emphasized.

The purpose of the research is to study the species composition of nematodes dwelling in fish in natural reservoirs and on artificial pond fish farms in Armenia.Materials and methods. The studies were performed at the Research Center for Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise of the Armenian National Agrarian University and at the Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology of the Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology from March 2020 to December 2022. Traditional ichthyo-parasitological methods were used to study 246 fish of 10 species from fish farms in the Ararat and Armavir Regions, from Lake Sevan and the Sevjur, Hrazdan, Marmarik, Akhuryan and Debed Rivers, as well as the Yerevan, Aparan and Akhuryan reservoirs. The study results were statistically processed (descriptive statistics) using the BioStat software.Results and discussion. The fish were found to have four types of nematodes: Contracaecum microcephalum Rudolphi, 1819, Philometroides sanguineus Rudolphi, 1819, Rhabdochona fortunatowi Dinnik, 1933 and Cystidicola farionis Fischer, 1798. Parasites were found in the body, on the serosa, in the air bladder walls, the intestinal lumen and the caudal fin thickness. The total nematode infection rate in fish was 9.76%. The nematode infection rate in fish was characterized by low values of prevalence and intensity other than the infection by the species Rh. fortunatowi (up to 24 specimens per fish). Among the found nematodes, the species C. microcephalum posed a potential threat to human health.

Background. The subterahertz and terahertz frequency ranges are very promising for development of high speed wireless communications systems because of possibility to get the bandwidth about some tens of GHz, which provides the high channel capacity. However fast signal attenuation at its propagation in atmosphere complicate the operation of communications systems in these ranges. Aim. Use of fixed narrow-beam antennas with high antenna power gain allows to provide the direct surface communications distance to some kilometers. The communications distance limitation can be partially removed decreasing the frequency down to 200 GHz and narrowing the channel bandwidth down to some GHz. Methods.The model of transmitter-receiver system (200-220 GHz) based of modern semiconductor devices is described in the manuscript. Results. The possibility of digital signals transmission with speed up to 1 Gbit/s at the distance of 1 km is experimentally shown. Conclusion. According to calculations the output power of transmitter about some hundreds mW is enough for data transmission at the distance up to 1.5 km with antenna power gain of no less than 50 dB.

The purpose of the research is study of chicken parasitic associations in small farms of Kotayk region, and analysis of the determined factors. Materials and methods. Research was conducted in 2021 to 2022 in small poultry farms of Kotayk Marz. Poultry feces samples were examined at the Laboratory of Parasitology of the Research Center of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Sanitary Expertise, Armenian National Agrarian University. Totally 210 fecal samples were examined. Eimeria spp. oocysts and nematode eggs were detected by means of method after Darling. The results of the research were processed by statistical methods. Results and discussion. Results of the research have shown that poultry eimeriasis had a wide prevalence in Kotayk Region (52.86%). Three species of Eimeria spp. have been detected: E. acervulina, E. tenella, and E. necatrix. E. acervulina was the most prevalence species (34.29%). The highest intensity of the infection has been registered in Nairi and Kotayk Regions of the region. The above-mentioned species of Eimeria spp. have been occurred both in mono- and poly-infection, with various combinations of the species. E. acervulina + E. tenella combination was the most common. Poultry eimeriasis occurred as a mixed-infection with ascaridiasis, heterakiasis, and capillariasis. The highest extensiveness of the poultry infection has been registered in Kotayk and Hrazdan Regions of the region (65.71% in both cases). Geographical location, as well as natural and climatic conditions of the region promote the prevalence of the mixed infection of poultry.

Introduction. The article deals with the problems of working conditions of postal and telegraph employees in the Tambov governorate in the second half of the XIX - early XX century. The relevance of the study is determined by the significant role of communication tool in the life of society and the state.Materials and methods. The research is based on a wide range of archival and published sources. The research is based on the materials from the funds of the State Archive of the Tambov region. A significant part of the archival documents used in the work is being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The following methods of scientific research were used: comparative-historical, statistical, analysis, synthesis etc.Results. We study the material position of postal and telegraph employees, content of professional duties, working hours, the system of fines and benefits. The influence of working conditions on the revolutionary activity of communication workers is considered. The author comes to the conclusion that during the period under study, the socio-economic position of postal and telegraph employees was not easy. A long working day, a large number of work duties, the absence of leave for a number of categories of employees, the wage system – all this contributed to the involvement of signalmen in revolutionary activities. Nevertheless, even during the revolution of 1905-1907, the majority of postal and telegraph workers of the Tambov governorate as a whole remained loyal to the state authorities.

Introduction. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC) is one of the arms in the pathogenesis of thrombotic complications in female cancer patients.Aim: to assess an HHC-related impact to developing thrombotic complications in patients with malignant neoplasms of the female genital organs and breast cancer.Materials and Methods. There were retrospectively evaluated the data collected from 236 patients: with ovarian tumors (n = 63), cervical cancer (n = 51), breast tumors (n = 64), malignant neoplasms of the uterine body (n = 58). The control group consisted of 50 women without malignant neoplasms. The analysis of homocysteine (HC) concentration, the frequency of polymorphisms of the genes encoding folate cycle enzymes MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, MTRR A66G, MTR A2756G as well as the rate of thrombotic complications was carried out. A risk of blood HC level-related thrombotic complications was assessed.Results. Plasma HC concentration comprised ≥ 22 μmol/l in 30.5 % of patients. Thrombotic complications within one year after discharge from the hospital were developed in 15.3 % cases. The risk of thrombotic complications turned out to be higher in patients with elevated plasma HC level (≥ 22 μmol/l) (odds ratio = 2.99; 95 % confidence interval = 1.11–8.08). No significantly increased prevalence of polymorphisms in the genes encoding folate cycle enzymes among female cancer patients was detected.Conclusion. Monitoring HC level in female cancer patients contributes separately to predict a likelihood of thrombotic complications. Prescribing drugs that reduce HC level (folic acid) and monitoring its concentration in female cancer patients during therapy, including chemotherapy, can potentially lower an incidence of thrombotic complications.

Introduction. Studies evidence about a relation between increased circulating free DNA (cfDNA) concentrations and chemotherapy, the majority of which have been focused on considering a tumor as a source of cfDNA. It has been suggested that neutrophils also contribute to this process, as cancer-related cfDNA characteristics resemble those of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Therefore, the elevated concentration of cfDNA observed in chemotherapy patients may be associated with NETosis.Aim: assessment of NETosis markers in surgical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy of patients with malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system.Materials and Methods. A prospective non-randomized interventional controlled study was carried out by enrolling 111 patients with malignant breast diseases and female genital organs of various localizations and stages hospitalized for elective surgical treatment or chemotherapy course. The control group included 33 healthy women. 69 patients underwent surgical treatment. Adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin was performed in 25 patients with ovarian cancer and 17 patients with breast cancer. In cancer patients, citrullinated histone H3 (citH3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were chosen as NETosis biomarkers allowing to distinguish NETs from other tumor-derived cfDNA thereby improving quality of research study. The concentration of NETosis markers was assessed before surgery or onset of chemotherapy upon admission to hospital and 14 days after surgery or 14 days after the second course of chemotherapy.Results. In all patients, the concentrations of NETosis markers before the start of therapy were significantly increased compared to the control group as well as 14 days after surgical treatment and 14 days after the second course of chemotherapy. However, in surgical patients, no significantly increased concentration of NETosis markers postvs. pre-surgery magnitude was observed. Upon that, patients underwent 2 courses of chemotherapy vs. baseline level were found to have significantly elevated magnitude of NETosis markers.Conclusion. The study revealed the relationship between administration of paclitaxel-containing chemotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer and breast cancer and a rise in NETs level. Chemotherapy is an essential component for management of patients with malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system, therefore, development of new strategies to lower a risk of thrombosis and resistance to it is of crucial importance.

В данной статье рассматривается проблема вычисления морфометрических параметров возможных карстовых форм расчетными методами прогноза. Прогнозный диаметр карстового провала является важнейшим параметром при проектировании сооружений в районах развития карста, а современные требования нормативной документации указывают на обязательное применение именно расчетных методов прогноза. Несмотря на это, на сегодняшний день не существует единого подхода, способного обеспечить получение истинного результата в различных геологических условиях. В статье предлагается авторский подход, позволяющий повысить точность прогнозирования, а также получить количественное описание достоверности расчетного диаметра возможной карстовой формы.

Hypercoagulation is a typical condition for cancer patients. In addition, various arms of the hemostasis system become involved in tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, neoangiogenesis as well as immunoevasion. The magnitude of activated hemostasis is driven by tumor phenotype. Parameters characterizing coagulation, intensity of fibrinolysis processes, platelet aggregation and activation as well as endothelial activation mirror magnitude of hemostasis activation in oncological process, but may also be considered as candidate markers of tumor progression and predictors of oncological diseases outcome. This review summarizes the study data assessing a value of predictive hemostasis biomarkers for overall survival and response to therapy in oncogynecology and mammology. The most promising biomarkers have been identified and used in the future for risk stratification as well as personalized patient management.

Introduction. One of the leading causes in the mortality pattern of cancer patients is accounted for by thrombotic complications. Recent studies have shown that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in the activation of coagulation, contribute to the initiation and progression of thrombosis. In addition, NET-related effect on tumor progression and metastasis has been actively studied.Aim: to evaluate NET-related procoagulant activity in gynecological cancer patients.Materials and Methods. From April 2020 to October 2022, a prospective controlled interventional non-randomized study was conducted with 120 women. The main group included 87 patients aged 32 to 72 years with malignant neoplasms of the female genital organs and mammary glands who were hospitalized for elective surgical treatment or chemotherapy: uterine body cancer (subgroup 1; n = 18), ovarian cancer (subgroup 2; n = 26), cervical cancer – adenocarcinoma of the cervical canal (subgroup 3; n = 13), breast cancer (subgroup 4; n = 30). The control group consisted of 33 healthy women aged 32 to 68 years. In all women, plasma concentrations of citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), myeloperoxidase antigen (MPO:Ag), D-dimer, and thrombin–antithrombin (TAT) complexes were evaluated.Results. The magnitude of NETosis in cancer patients, assessed by level of citH3 (2.5 ± 0.7; 1.9 ± 0.8; 2.5 ± 0.7; 0.7 ± 0.5 ng/ml in four subgroups, respectively) and MPO:Ag (29.5 ± 13.1; 12.8 ± 3.7; 22.8 ± 8.7; 6.6 ± 2.5 ng/ml in four subgroups, respectively) was significantly higher compared to women in the control group (0.3 ± 0.1 ng/ml; p = 0.0001 and 2.5 ± 0.2 ng/ml; p = 0.0001). In parallel with increased NETosis markers in accordance with the disease stage, there was an increase in the concentration of hemostasis activation markers – D-dimer (1.7 ± 0.6; 2.0 ± 0.7; 1.4 ± 0.5; 1.5 ± 0.7 µg/ml in four subgroups, respectively) and TAT complexes (729.8 ± 43.9; 794.1 ± 164.8; 636.2 ± 149.5; 699.6 ± 165.7 pg/ml in four subgroups, respectively) exceeding their level in the control group (respectively, 0.4 ± 0.1 μg/ml; p = 0.0001 and 362.3 ± 0.1 pg/ml; p = 0.0001). The maximum values of parameters occurred at later stages according to the Classification of Malignant Tumours (tumor, nodus, metastasis, TNM). A significant correlation between TAT level and the concentrations of citH3 (r = 0.586; р = 0.04) and MPO:Ag was revealed (r = 0.631; р = 0.04).Conclusion. Tumor tissue creates milieu that stimulates NETs release, which, in turn, not only contribute to the creating a procoagulant state, but also might act as one of the factors that ensure tumor progression and metastasis. The development of targeted therapies acting on NETs has a potential to affect hemostasis in cancer patients and reduce rate of tumor growth and metastasis.

Introduction. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) are integral players in thrombosis and inflammation in cancer patients. It has been increasingly evident that an active interplay exists between NETs and vWF. Some studies suggest that NETs cause decrease in ADAMTS-13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) activity, being an arm in the pathogenesis of both thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) and other thrombotic complications during oncological process.Aim: to assess a crosstalk between NETs, vWF, and ADAMTS-13 in uterine, ovarian, breast malignant neoplasms as well as cervical canal adenocarcinoma.Materials and Methods. From September 2019 to July 2022, a prospective controlled interventional non-randomized study was carried out with 106 patients hospitalized for planned surgical treatment aged 30 to 72 years. The main group included 73 patients with malignant neoplasms of the female genital organs and mammary glands, stage I–III: uterine cancer (subgroup 1; n = 18), ovarian cancer (subgroup 2; n = 21), cervical cancer – adenocarcinoma of cervical canal (subgroup 3; n = 9) and breast cancer (subgroup 4; n = 25). The control group consisted of 33 women with female genital tract and breast benign neoplasms. In all patients, serum levels of vWF, citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), MPO (myeloperoxidase) antigen, ADAMTS-13 activity, ADAMTS-13 antigen, and D-dimer were evaluated.Results. The study revealed significant differences in the concentration of NETosis markers between the main and control groups. Patients with uterine cancer and adenocarcinoma of the cervical canal peaked at NETosis markers. At the same time, there were significant differences in citH3 concentration among patients with «early» (stage I) and «not early» (stage II–III) disease forms. While assessing level of von Willebrand factor (vWF:Ag), antigen (ADAMTS-13:Ag), and ADAMTS-13 activity (ADAMTS-13:Ac), significant differences were found between the main and control groups (p < 0.0001). The vWF in the main groups was sharply increasedwhereas ADAMTS-13 antigen concentration and activity were decreased. A сorrelation analysis among oncological patients in main group showed that while citH3 level increased, it was also paralleled with rise in vWF:Ag (ρ = 0.80; p < 0.01) and MPO:Ag (ρ = 0.87; p < 0.01); increase in MPO:Ag level was coupled to rise in vWF:Ag (ρ = 0.70; p< 0.01), but increase in vWF:Ag occurred along with decline in ADAMTS-13:Ac (ρ = –0.43; p < 0.01) and ADAMTS-13:Ag (ρ= –0.42; p < 0.01).Conclusion. The interplay between NET, vWF, and ADAMTS-13 leads to a vicious circle, reduces ADAMTS-13 activity by increasing serum vWF concentration, which positively correlates with severity and mortality in TMA, acute ischemic infarction, and COVID-19. Targeting the NETs-vWF axis may pave the way for therapeutic strategies for immunothrombosis in various diseases, including cancer.

Background. The study area is one of the main regions of the Russian Federation, where intensive development and production of hydrocarbons are carried out. They are directly accompanied by a very significant anthropogenic impact on the environment in general, and on water bodies in particular. The article, based on the analysis of chemicals concentration in surface waters, bottom sediments and coastland soil, gives an assessment of water bodies quality on the territory of the oil and gas industry. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to assess the quality of surface waters, benthic ecosystem and coastland soil of water bodies on the territory of oil and gas fields of the Middle Ob region. Materials and methods. On the basis of chemical analysis, concentrations of chemical elements were determined in samples of surface waters, bottom sediments and coastland soil of water bodies. Based on the concentration of chemical elements in a particular environment, the index of surface water pollution was determined by the calculation method, the state of the coastland soil and the benthic ecosystem was assessed. Results. The calculation of the integral assessment of water quality shows that the studied water bodies range from moderately polluted to extremely polluted. Quality deterioration of the benthic ecosystem is observed in most of the studied water bodies. Conclusion. The study of the environmental condition of water bodies by the quality of surface waters, bottom sediments and the coastland soil shows the negative anthropogenic impact of the oil and gas industry on the studied water bodies.

The paper presents trends in the epizootic situation on classical swine fever (CSF) in the Russian Federation, for 2007–2021. Most likely, a drop in the number of CSF outbreaks throughout the country results from two factors: a geographical shift of the disease outbreaks from the European part of Russia to the eastern regions bordering on China (into the wild boar population), as documented between 2015 and 2021, and a large-scale vaccination of domestic pigs practiced in the recent years. The introduction and spread of CSF in the Russian Federation are, most likely, associated with the internal risk factors (i.e. quality of anti-epizootic measures, mainly vaccination) and with the territories, where the virus circulates in wild boars. Expansion of vaccination coverage since 2011 is one of the factors contributing to a decrease in the number of clinical CSF cases registered in domestic pigs of the Russian Federation. The infection spread in domestic pigs is still on a downward trend. For purposes of analysis, current trends of CSF spread in domestic pigs and wild boars in the Russian Federation, as well as the volume of the vaccine used, were visualized in relative numbers (taking into account total number of pigs in the country) used to build a regression model. Currently, vaccination against classical swine fever in the Russian Federation (and its good quality) is an essential prerequisite to contain the infection spread in the country.

The article presents a generalized experience of technical re-equipment of the Red Army artillery on the eve and during the Great Patriotic War. Attention is focused on the role and significance of scientific artillery schools in the technical re-equipment of scientific artillery schools, new facts and documents little-known to the general reader are presented, an assessment of Soviet artillery by the allies and its enemies is given. The authors come to the conclusion that this experience has not lost its significance in modern conditions, especially when the bodies of state power and military administration solve problems of further increasing the firepower and improving the missile forces and artillery of the Land Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, their rearmament with highly effective means of firepower. defeat and automated control systems for reconnaissance. In preparing the material, historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historical-retrospective and other methods of historical research were used.

Sufficient evidence has been collected that alternative biological and ecological processes may occur in individual plant specimens that dwell in environmentally equivalent habitats. Environmental stress triggers individual, specimen-specific adaptive response. The paper shows how fractal analysis can be used to study the degree of stress that plants in different habitats and environmental factor combinations are exposed to.

The article considers 17 factors of natural structure of the territory of the Kaluga region divided into 4 groups: geological, hydrogeological, structural-tectonic and geomorphological. The relationship between each factor and the development of surface karst forms has been analyzed. Laws of distribution of karst forms and factors boundary values corresponding to intervals with different degree of danger are defined. The final assessment of the karst hazard was carried out by means of ESRI ArcGIS 10 using an integrated approach that takes into account the role of each factor in the development of the karst process as much as possible.

The Laffer curve is the eternal problem of mathematical economics. Attempts to find the Laffer curve functions lead to new results that do not give the function in coordinates “tax burden - tax revenues” but give results in larger dimensions. Purpose of the article is developing tools to access the excessive tax burden on organizations. The general methods used in the article are analysis, generalization, synthesis. Special methods are mathematical induction, mathematical methods. In the study previously proposed mathematical models of Laffer curves by V.G. Papava (Ananiashvili, Papava, 2010) and E.V. Balatskii (Balatskii, 2000) are generalized and clarified. Taxation limit concept is expanded and necessity of determining the lower taxation limit is shown. The new approach to determining the values of Laffer points based on the use of tax burden and current assets turnover ratio is proposed. The determination of taxpayers’ acceptance power (in meaning “exponent”) is introduced and the property linking it with area of fiscal contradictions is shown. The constancy of the location of the first and second kind Laffer points is proved. Conditions limiting the sets of values of Laffer points are given. As a result the concept of the area of fiscal contradictions is divided with concepts of Laffer curves and Laffer points.

Diseases associated with porcine circoviruses (mainly with porcine circovirus type 2) have various manifestations, are common in pigs in countries having well-developed pig industry and responsible for significant economic losses. Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV-3) causing systemic inflammation of unknown etiology in animals was detected the USA in 2015. Later, data on PCV-3 detection in Asia, Europe and South America were published. Analysis of literature data on current epidemic situation on PCV-3 infection in foreign countries as well as the disease clinical manifestations and postmortem lesions are described. Results of molecular and genetic tests of biomaterials collected from pigs in 51 holdings located in 28 regions of the Russian Federation are presented. A total of 280 samples of biological materials of different types (organs, tissues, stillborn piglets) collected from domestic pigs with respiratory, reproductive and neurological disorders, dermatitis and from emaciated pigs were tested and PCV-3 genome was detected in 11 samples from 9 holdings located in 5 regions of the Russian Federation. Porcine circovirus type 3 was detected in lung, bronchial and mediastinal lymph node, spleen tissues from grower and fattening piglets, adult pigs and aborted fetuses. Samples that were positive for PCV-3 DNA when tested with molecular methods (PCR, real-time PCR) were tested for other pathogens. The following pathogens were also detected in 6 out of 11 samples (55%): Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Streptococcus suis, Haemophilus parasuis, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. Porcine circovirus type 2 was detected in one sample. Presented test results are indicative of probable combined etiology of respiratory and reproductive disorders in tested pigs that results in various clinical manifestations. Grower and fattening piglets were found to be the most susceptible to PCV-3-associated disease. Further studies are required for identification of actual PCV-3 pathogenicity and its prevalence in the territory of the Russian Federation.

The article deals with the historical aspect of the formation, formation and development in the RSFSR/USSR of constructive thought and views on the combat use of the Red Army battalion artillery in the 1920–1930s. Attention is focused on the factors that influence the adoption by government and military authorities of specific measures aimed at developing artillery samples of small calibers, the introduction of battalion artillery into batch production and its acceptance into service in the Red Army. It is noted that military-scientific thought in the 1920–1930s contributed immensely to the development of military theory. Its Soviet political and military elite carried out a complex of measures to strengthen the country’s defense capability, including carrying out the modernization of the standard armament and military equipment, and simultaneously developing new models on the basis of domestic production, which enabled the Red Army to achieve high results in armed conflicts 30th years of XX century.

The article highlights the problematic aspects of managing the activities of the artillery armament service during the preparation and during the Battle of Kursk-one of the greatest battles not only of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people against Nazi Germany and its allies, but also of World War II as a whole. The topic of the article has an actual sound from the point of view of generalizing and analyzing the enormous work that the artillery armament service has made to achieve victory. The example of the Battle of Kursk shows that not only the unparalleled courage of the troops, the art of generals, but also a sufficient number of modern military equipment, weapons, ammunition, as well as the system of work of the relevant structures for supplying artillery, mortars and ammunition to military units connection) of constant combat readiness.

Najas tenuissima (Hydrocharitaceae) is an endangered relict species with a disjunctive range in Eastern Europe, in the Urals, in Siberia and Kazakhstan, and in the Far East, in Japan. More than 60 locations of the plant were revealed during the last 160 years. More than 30 of them are located in the waterbodies of Southern Finland. The species is known reliably in Fennoscandia, Latvia, Russian Federation (Leningrad region, Novgorod region, Tver region, Ryazan region, Republic of Mordovia, Sverdlovsk region, Chelyabinsk region, Irkutsk region, Amur region, Krasnoyarsky Krai and Primorsky Krai), Northern and Eastern Kazakhstan and Japan. The paper summarises the data on locations of the species in the above mentioned regions. We suggest that species grows in floodplain waterbodies on the right bank of the Amur river in China. Reasons why the species has disappeared are given and discussed. An anthropogenic impact on aquatic ecosystems was denoted as the main factor causing the populations' reduction of Najas tenuissima in the XX–XXI centuries. We have shown a reduction in the number of populations found from 1857 to 1936 (in Leningrad region, Tver region, Novgorod region, Ryazan region of Russia), as well as the appearance of new populations of the species found from 2006 to 2016 (in Latvia and Russia: Amur region, Chelyabinsk region, Irkutsk region, Republic of Mordovia). We assumed the possibilities of resettlement of the species at new places. It was noted that species conservation is possible only if the territorial protection of Najas tenuissima locations will be organised.

Рассмотрена необходимость систематизации и анализа ранее полученных данных с применением современных геоинформационных технологий (ГИС). Приведено детальное описание электронной карты «Гидрогеологические условия приповерхностной части разреза Пермского края» – пилотной ГИС-карты, созданной по актуализированным материалам исследований прошлых лет. Карта, составленная в масштабе 1:600000, включает слои, содержащие основные сведения о гидрогеологическом районировании Пермского края, встречающихся гидрогеологических горизонтах и комплексах пород, уровенном режиме и минерализации подземных вод, трещинных зонах, участках возможного подъема высо-коминерализованных вод глубоких водоносных горизонтов. Карта может быть полезна гидрогеологам, инженерам-геологам, а также представителям органов местного самоуправления и домохозяйств на предварительных стадиях реализации инженерно-технических проектов, проектирования сооружений и водозаборных скважин.

On the basis of economic and institutional analysis of economic activity and the theory of intrinsic motivation proposed general scheme of individual motivation of economic activities, with the establishment of the major economic and psychological factors in its formation. In accordance with the proposed scheme analyzes the main motivation definition of economic activity, positioning the construct in economic theory. Established effects of psychological characteristics of the individual: self-esteem and level of claims on the effectiveness of economic activity. Representation of the motivation of economic activity detailed as a means of dealing with the uncertainty of the environment.

AIM: To compare the efficiency of using different interventional procedures for a barren marriage in case of secretory azoospermia (SAS)/MATERIAL AND METHODS: The trial enrolled 110 patients aged 25 to 54 years with SAS. The levels of sexual hormones were determined; ovarian punch biopsy was performed/RESULTS: Decreased volume of the ovaries was noted in 85.3% of the patients; diffuse or focal changes in their parenchyma were seen in 65.7%. There was an increase of follicle-stimulating hormone levels and a reduction in testosterone ones. Hyperestrogenemia was identified in 26.5% of the patients. The level of inhibin B was lower in all the patients. The efficiency of standard testicular sperm extraction for cryopreservation was achieved in 28.7% of the patients and that of a microsurgical technique was in 56.7%. The wives of 37 out of the 57 patients included in an assisted reproductive technology program were more than 12 weeks pregnant after 95 intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles/CONCLUSION: The microsurgical technique is most effective in achieving the successful treatment of patients with azoospermia in order to prevent male infertility.