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Background. In presence the epizootiological situation on leptospirosis in the territories adjacent to Lake Baikal is not studied well. The showing up of natural focus, discovering of host animal’s species composition and etiological structure of leptospirosis causative agents are essential to plan any epidemiological response and to organize the specific prophylaxis.Aim: to analyze contemporary characteristics of leptospirosis natural foci at the territories adjacent to Lake Baikal.Materials and methods. From 2011 till 2020 the territory of nine Irkutsk Region's administrative districts was investigated. Trapping has been done at four kind of sites (wetland, meadow, forest-shrub, steppificated meadow) and boroughs. 1152 small mammals which belonged to 35 species were collected. Collected samples were studied by complex of methods. Serogroup belonging was detected by micro agglutination and decomposition test, and genomic species – by Microflex LT mass analyzer.Results. A leptospirosis natural foci in the Irkutsk city boundary was newly founded and there were isolated (from small mammals) four pathogenic cultures of leptospiras belonging to Javanica serogroup. Main hosts of causative agents at the territories adjacent to Lake Baikal were defined (insect-eating mammals: tundra shrew, largetoothed Siberian shrew, even-toothed shrew, shrew-mouse, and rodents: root vole, ground vole, narrow-skulled vole, sewer rat). By micro agglutination were defined pathogenic leptospirosis serogroups (Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Javanica, Pomona, Sejroe, Autumnalis, Australis), all over 2.4 ± 0.45 % seropositive. Antibody dilution at survey animals ranged from 1 : 20 to 1 : 640. On the grounds of PCR results the mean value of infected animals in studied sample was 16.4 ± 1.14 %. Positive PCR findings were at 19 from 35 animal species.Conclusion. At the territories adjacent to Lake Baikal In the Baikal region, the proportion of animals that have had contact with pathogenic leptospira is quite high. Natural focus of this infection are highly pervasive in this region, they are evolved mainly in dewy sites.

The purpose of the research is identification of the current parasitological situation for Eurasian beavers inhabiting the Central Russia.Materials and methods. The work was carried out on hunting farms and in specially protected areas of the Central Russia. Potentially infective material was collected, recorded and preserved from animals during 2015–2021. The age of the animals was determined by their weight and physiological state of the rodents’ teeth and internal organs, and the sex was determined by their genitals. The animals were examined according to the method of complete and partial helminthological dissection per Skryabin.Results and discussion. A total of 41 animals were examined. Three forms of parasitism on animals were identified in natural habitat, namely, the trematode Stichorchis subtriquetrus, the nematode Travassosius rufus, and the ectoparasite Platypsyllus castoris. The stichorchosis causative agent localized in the animal’s large intestine was diagnosed in 35 rodents (85.4%). The helminth infection was 96% in the Eurasian beaver and 68.7% in the Canadian beaver. The nematode infection in stomach was detected in 31 animals (75.6%). The infection by T. rufus was 88% in the Eurasian beaver, and 56.3% in the Canadian beaver. The infected animals were delivered from the Vladimir, Moscow, Ryazan, Tula and Yaroslavl Regions. The beaver beetle P. castoris was found in 6 animals (14.6%). The infection rate was 8% in the Eurasian beaver, and 25% in the Canadian beaver. Animals with wingless arthropods have been identified in the Moscow and Ryazan Regions.

The chronology of extinction and restoration of the Eurasian beaver population in the Kemerovo region is analyzed. The beavers exterminated at this territory at the end of the 18th century were reintroduced 60 years ago. The animals of Voronezh, Smolensk and Belarusian origin were used as the pedigree material. The stages of formation of the Castor fiber population through artificial and natural resettlement and the vectors of dispersion over the main rivers of the region are investigated. The first stage of formation of the Kuzbass population lasted more than 30 years, until 1995. There was the formation, enlargement and closure of isolated colonies into a meta-population. The animals actively settled and developed the most favorable habitats. The second period, which lasted almost 20 years, can be conveniently classified into three stages of rapid growth in numbers, which alternated with stages of relative stabilization. During this time, beavers settled in all large river basins, began to explore anthropogenic landscapes and began to appear near of human settlements. The assessment of the current spatial distribution of beavers in the conditions of the foothills of southern Siberia is made. On the model territory in the east of Kuzbass - the Kuznetskiy Alatau Nature Reserve and adjacent areas - the dynamics of the development of mountain streams by beavers in the absence and/or minimum hunting pressure is shown. Specialized protected area have played an important role in the formation of the modern Kuzbass beaver population. Now beavers have formed stable settlements even in the zone of subalpine meadows at altitudes up to 1350 m a. s. l. and migrate through mountain passes to the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Republic of Khakassia. The current population of the Eurasian beavers in the Kuzbass exceeds 18,000 individuals, however, this important hunting resource is not exploited efficiently enough. If this trend persists, supported by the weak economic interest of trappers, the further development of the Kuzbass population of the Eurasian beaver will largely be determined by natural factors.

Introduction . The pharmacokinetic profiling of active compounds is necessary for drug development and application. Comlex extract of biologically active compounds was isolated from gonads of green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis from Barents Sea. It contains fatty acids, carotenoids and tocopherols and have inhibition activity to ensyme dypeptydylpeptidase IV (DPP-4). Traditional approaches to pharmacokinetic study based on chromatographic methods are not effective for such complex mixtures because they had not enough selectivity and sensitivity. Methods of immunoassay for special enzyme, bioassay, etc. may be used as an alternative way. Aim . The aim: to find approach to pharmacokinetic study of sea urchin gonads extract in rabbits after a three doses oral administration. Materials and methods . Various spectroscopic and chromatographic (HPLC and TLC) methods were used for chemical characteristic of sea urchin gonads extract ant different target analytes quantification in biosamples. The pharmacokinetic of sea urchin gonads extract was studied after single dose oral administration to male rabbits. The correlation between concentration of sea urchin gonads extract in the blood plasma and its biological activity marked by DPP-4 activity was established. The activity of DPP-4 was determined by the chromogenic optical method. Results and discussion . Main groups of sea urchin gonads extract chemical compounds were characterized. Total peptides content was 15-22 %; a-tocopherol content - 0.05-0.15 %, total tocopherols content - 0.23-0.38 %; total carotenoid content - 0.005-0.07 %; total fatty acids content calculated to linolenic acid - 11,03 to 12,74 %. After sea urchin gonads extract chemical composition results it was established that concentrations of identified individual biologically active compound are low, there is no dominant compound or group of compounds responsible for pharmacological activity of sea urchin gonads extract which may be unambiguously chosen as target analyte for its pharmacokinetic study. Approach based on correlation of special marker activity (DPP-4) and extract concentration appears to be the best for pharmacokinetic study of complex extract from green sea urchin gonads. The method for the quantitative determination of sea urchin gonads extract in the blood plasma of rabbits by its effect on DPP-4 activity was developed. The method was validated by parameters: selectivity, lower limit of quantification, linearity range, accuracy, and precision. The pharmacokinetics was linear in the dose range of 5-25 mg/kg after oral administration. The mean maximal concentration in plasma (C max ) was dose dependent and it was 37.12-114.71 pg/mL for various doses, area under the curve (AUC 0-24 ) was 192.92-597.14 h • pg/mL, mean time to reach maximum plasma concentration (T max ) was 3-3.5 h, half-life (T 1/2 ) was 7.88-9.89 h, and the mean retention time (MRT) was 1.73-14.31. Conclusion . After nontraditional approach based on correlation of special marker activity (DPP-4) and active substance concentration the plasma pharmacokinetics of sea urchin gonads extract after oral administration to the rabbits in three doses was characterized. Similar approaches may be effective for compounds and complex mixtures when it is difficult or impossible to analyze them traditionally by chromatographic (HPLC-UV/FL/MS, GC-MS, etc.) methods.

The article is based on long-term (1958–2017) expedition and stationary research in the Kivach, Kostomuksha and Lapland nature reserves and Karelian field stations – Priladozhsky, Kaskesnavoloksky and Gomselsky covering a vast part of taiga of the North-West of Russia. The article analyzes the population and ecological features of the equal -toothed shrew (Sorex isodon Turov) associated with its habitat near the North- Western borders of its range. It was found that in these conditions, the species was characterized by a generally low level of abundance compared to the optimal for the range (an average, 0.02 per 100 trap days and 0.1 per 10 trench days), distinct transition to stenotopy and obvious fixation on elements of the anthropogenic landscape. It is also characterized by the peculiarity of the territorial structure, the shift of reproduction to a later date and its general extension until mid –September. During the reproduction season, wintering adult females bring two litters: the first – in late May-early June, the second – in July. The litter size ranges from 2 to 11 per adult female (an average, 7.7 + 0.3). The share of mature and offspring-bearing profitable animals in general is small (up to 5-8 %) and varies by year depending on the state of the population and weather conditions.

When breeding minks, a lot of problems are associated with disturbances of reproduction, birth of weak offspring, metabolic disorders, weakening of immunity. Poor knowledge of the morphology of mink and lack of detailed information about their immune system is among appropriate reasons. The largest variety of antigens enter the body with food and water, through the wall of gastrointestinal tract. The first barrier to their penetration is lymphoid tissue associated with mucous membranes, thus causing changes in immune structures. Our purpose was to study the syntopia, morphology and quantitative characteristics of intestine-associated lymphoid tissue in American mink (Neovison vison). A biomaterial for the study was organocomplex of the small and large intestines from 11 American Minks at the age of 8 months, obtained from the fur farm “Vyatka” (Zonikha, Slobodsky district, Kirov region). In the walls of small and large intestines, both single and grouped lymphoid nodules are found. Single lymphoid nodules are detected in lamina propria of the mucous membrane and in the submucosa, along the entire length of the intestines, except of the ileum. Lymphoid nodules are round or oval, distributed diffusely, their density per 1 cm2 is in duodenum – 0.62±0.08; in jejunum – 1.88±0.32; in colon – 9.21±0.28; in rectum – 24.2±0.42. At the border of pyloric part between the stomach and duodenum, single lymphoid nodules form an intestinal-pyloric lymphoid ring; at the site of transition from rectum to the anal sphincter, the rectal lymphoid ring is observed. Abundance of lymphoid nodules in rectal area is associated with semi-voluntary management of animals, and retention of fecal mass in this part of intestine. By two lymphoid plaques are found in the duodenum; 6 to13, in the jejunum; one large striped (lingual) lymphoid plaque is found in the ileal wall; 1 to 3 plaques are found in the colonic wall. Presence of lymphoid plaques in colonic wall of American mink should be considered a protective/adaptive phenomenon, due to absence of coecum in the animals from Mustelid family. The revealed patterns of lymphoid tissue syntopia in American mink are associated with antigenicity of food substances and terms of their presence in the ileum, colon and rectum.

Previous studies of the morphological features of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas revealed a significant association of the presence of discrete tumor cells and a low level of inflammatory infiltrate with lymphogenous metastasis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the quantity of tumor cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMt) in tumor cell structures of different degrees of differentiation and to assess the prognostic model of lymphogenous metastasis based on the studied parameters. M aterial and methods . the main clinical tumor characteristics and morphological patterns of the tumor were assessed in 92 patients. the expressions of snail and Vimentin proteins were studied in 16 patients using confocal microscopy. Results. t he expression of the EMt marker in cell structures of different degrees of differentiation was evaluated; the maximum number of snail- and Vimentin-positive cells (20 % each) was observed in discrete tumor cells. No difference in the proportion of cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition between patients with and without lymphogenous metastasis was found. thus, the prognostic model of lymphogenous metastasis included: the presence of single tumor cells and low level of inflammation. the sensitivity of the model was 54.5 %, and specificity was 89 %.

The purpose of the research: the study of the species composition of louse flies in diurnal (Falconiformes) and nocturnal (Strigiformes) birds of prey from Palearctic. Materials and methods. The material was collected during ornithological research on stationary plots of lands of Moscow and Moscow Region, Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan. In 1997-2016 we examined six species of diurnal (Falconiformes) and seven species of nocturnal (Strigiformes) birds of prey, which are collected from 224 individuals of 4 species of louse flies. Results and discussion. 224 flies on diurnal (Falconiformes) and nocturnal (Strigiformes) birds of prey from Palearctic were determined. Four species of louse flies were registered: Ornithomyia avicularia (61,11 %), O. fringillina (29,03 %), Pseudolynchia canariensis (1 %), O. chloropus (0,1 %). O. avicularia was recorded in 18 species of Palearctic raptors. O. fringillina was observed on 5 of 26 species Palearctic raptors. P. canariensis was registered on 7 of 26; O. chloropus on 12 of 26 species of birds of prey. The greatest species diversity of louse flies (7 species: Ornithoica unicolor, Ornithomya avicularia, O. chloropus, O. fringillina, Ornithoctona auslatras, Pseudolynchia canariensis, P. garzettae) were found on the Eurasian Sparrowhawk (obligate ornitofag), on Goshawk - 3 species of keds (Ornithoica unicolor, Ornithomya avicularia, O. chloropus).

Aim. The work presents information on the habitat of a wolf (Canis lupus L., 1758) in the Crimea. The aim of the work is to identify the environmental characteristics of the distribution of the wolf in the Crimea and to estimate its population. Methods. We carried out a detailed study of literary sources, data from hunting inspection. Surveys among hunters and reserve staff members were also conducted. Results. In the 21st century, wolf-dog hybrids, originally came from the Black Sea region, begin to inhabit the Crimea, which is unacceptable for protected areas. In the modern history of Crimea, the number of wolves has been constantly growing since 2003, and now this predator has become an ordinary game species (13 districts and near 3 cities). Its population had been gradually increasing until 2011 (60 wolves hunted) and had decreased by 2014 by 15 hunted wolves. The number of wolves in Crimea can be estimated at around 90-300 individuals. Conclusions. The largest number of killed wolves was recorded in the east of the peninsula in the Leninskiy district and in the north, in the Dzhankoyskiy district. The absence of wolf species in the Karadag natural reserve caused an overpopulation of European roe deer, which is fraught with degradation of phytocenoses.

Aim. The aim of the research is to study the potential nesting sites of the Spanish sparrow (Passer hispaniolensis) on the northwest coast of Crimea. Methods. Material was compiled during 2016-2018. The generally accepted methods of road and foot route census study were applied. Nesting stations were explored: nests of storks, birds of prey and corvids, forest belts and reed beds. Results. On the basis of research, the presence of Passer hispaniolensis in the north-western Crimea, in particular, within the borders of the Lebyazhy Islands («Swan Islands») specially protected natural area, has been established. It is revealed that for nesting, this species of sparrow prefers the areas close to fields and is not often found in human settlements. During the nesting period, an increase in the number from 15 to 45 pairs was noted. The greatest number of breeding pairs of spanish sparrow is found in the nests of the white stork. Late arriving birds form colonies on trees in close proximity to stork nests. Conclusion. Nesting of Passer hispaniolensis is most likely due to changes in the hydrological regime and land use structure, since rice crop rotation (until 2014) has been replaced by other grain crops (barley, wheat) and tilled crops (sunflower, maize). Thus, at present, the breeding ornithofauna of the protected area is represented by 92 species of birds.

Spatial distribution and reproductive ability of the pacifc oysterCrassostrea gigasaggregations in the northern Amur Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea) are investigated using the data of direct and remote accounts. Totally 772 oyster banks and reefs are detected with the summary area of 284.6 hectares that is signifcantly larger than earlier assessments. The 35 giant beds (> 1 ha) occupy 53.2 % of the summary area, but 79.8 % of mollusks gather in medium and large aggregations which occupy 45.5 % of the summary area. Majority of the aggregations (> 95 %) are located on shallows with the depth less than 5 m. The oyster matur-ing is completed when it reaches the size of 50 mm. The ratio of males to females is 1.0 : 1.5, on average, that indicates indirectly favorable habitat conditions forC. gigas. Males prevail among the small-sized individuals, but females prevail among the large-sized ones that corresponds to reproductive strategy of pacifc oyster and type of its reproduction. The males to females ratio changes from year to year. Portion of young mollusks is rather high (13.9–56.2 %), portion of the main reproductive groups changes from 40.6 to 88.9 % that indicates active processes of natural reproduction and the oyster reefs forming. Mollusks with high reproductive rate prevail among the main reproductive group with the size 70–130 mm (58.2 %). The largest number of such individuals is observed in the largest aggregations of oysters at Rechnoy Island (85.0 %) and at Skrebtsov Island (60.7 %). Spatial variations of the shells shape and ratio of size-physiological groups in the aggregations reflect patterns of the habitat conditions. Generally, the state of native oyster aggregations in the northern Amur Bay is stable with a tendency to their population increasing.

This review presents the analysis of the literature data on the mechanisms of ZIKV pathogenesis using biomodels (sensitive cell cultures and animals). Human and animal cell cultures have shown that this virus effectively infects primary endometrial stromal cells, embryonic stem cells, cortical and motor neurons, astrocytes, peripheral neurons and neural crest cells of the embryo. Cultures of prostate, testis and kidney cells showed a high level of ZIKV load without cytopathic disorders which implies their participation in the persistence of the pathogen. A productive infection of ZIKV on cell cultures derived from non-human primate, pig, rabbit, hamster and chicken suggests that these animal species may be important reservoirs and/or potential laboratory models. Monkeys of the species Macaca mulatta (macaque rhesus) have the disease caused by ZIKV similar to that in humans. Therefore these animals are a suitable model for studying the pathogenesis of a congenital infection as well as for preclinical evaluation of vaccines and antiviral drugs during pregnancy. Mice, domestic pigs and humanized chicken embryos can be used as surrogate models for studying ZIKV pathogenesis. Recently, attenuated ZIKV has become the object of research in a new area of medical virology – in oncolytic virotherapy against glioblastoma.

The Possiet Bay in the western Japan Sea is crucially important for marine aquaculture of Primorye because of the environments favorable for cultivation of many aquatic species. The local marine farms cultivate sea cucumber and several bivalve species, including the most valuable yesso scallop, which output production is counted in hundreds of tons. The number of farms in the Possiet Bay increases recently, as well as their production of seeding materials and marketable output of seafood. Cultivation of 3 bivalve species (yesso scallop, pacifc blue mussel, and pacifc oyster) and 1 holothurian species (japanese spiky sea cucumber) is considered. The seeding material is collected by the farms located in the Possiet Bay, which prefer to collect more valuable spat of the scallop and sea cucumber, while the mussel and oyster are collected in smaller amounts. In total, more than 640 million of the scallop juveniles and about 1.2 million of the sea cucumber juveniles were collected by local farms in the period from 2000 to 2015, including both the spat collected on their own collectors or bought from other vendors. Dynamics of the output is presented for these species. The greatest harvest of the marketable scallop (over 1800 t) was produced in 2006–2010, with the highest annual output over 510 t. The summary production of all marine farms in the Possiet Bay within the 15-year period (2001–2015) is estimated as 4,300 t, that exceeds the registered catch of scallop in this area in the whole history of its fshery (that was banned in the middle of 1980s). Even before the fshery opening in the early XX century, the yeaso scallop biomass in this area did not exceed 1,000 t. Dynamics of anthropogenic pressure to the Possiet Bay waters is analyzed, as well. There is concluded that yesso scallop has natural ability to considerable growth of its biomass because of high fecundity, though this potential is limited by lack of substrate for the spat settling that is successfully compensated with artifcial substrata provided by marine farms. However, the growth of scallop biomass and production causes higher phytoplankton consumption, increasing of water pollution by dissolved and particulate organic matter, and accumulation of metabolic by-products in marine organisms. Rapid development of aquaculture causes some social and ecological risks, as well, as territorial disputes, legislative problems (with harvesting permits, etc.), starfsh expansion, grazing of farmed mollusks by marine birds, destruction of aquaculture facilities in new areas located in the insuffciently closed bights by typhoons, and epizootics (most dangerous for the sea cucumbers).

Objective of the study was investigation of hantaviruses in a new natural reservoir - insectivores, their diversity and geographic distribution in the Western and Eastern Siberia. Materials and methods . Sorex shrews (71 specimens) were captured in Altai Republic, Altai, and Krasnoyarsk Territories, and Omsk Region. All samples were analyzed for hantavirus RNA using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with subsequent sequencing. Results and conclusions . A total of 12 viral RNA isolates from two Sorex species (S. araneus and S. roboratus) were genetically typed. Sequence analysis of the partial L and S segments identified two distinct hantaviruses. Kenkeme (KKMV) virus was detected in a flat-skulled shrew (S. roboratus) in Altai Territory. This virus was previously found in geographically remote sites in the Sakha Republic and China. New foci of Seewis virus circulation among common shrews (S. araneus), were found in the Omsk Region, Altai and Krasnoyarsk Territories. Previously published and new findings suggest that hantaviruses among shrews are widely distributed over the Russian Federation territory. The widespread circulation of SWSV and KKMV throughout Siberia is an important argument for investigation of their role in human infections.

Habitat conditions, as qualitative and quantitative composition of aquatic vegetation and oceanographic factors, are compared for six populations of sea urchinStrongylocentrotus intermediuswith different growth rate and mean size of individuals. The highest growth rate is observed in the areas between Cape Sosunov and Plitniak Bay, between Oprichnik Bay and Cape Grozny, and between Cape Lisuchenko and Kreiser Rock Island; all these areas are distinguished by high density and species diversity of macrophytes. On the contrary, the growth rate is the lowest at Cape Yuzhny where the vegetation is less abundant. All populations of slow-growing sea urchins inhabit the areas exposed to wave action that usually forms flat rocky platforms: at Cape Yuzhny, at Cape Nadezhda, and between the Yezhovaya Bay and Cape Khitrovo. However, density of sea urchin populations in these areas is higher (on average from 9.8 to 20.8 ind./m2) than in the areas with relatively high growth rate (from 0.16 to 7.20 ind./m2). Any signifcant correlation between the water temperature and mean size of sea urchins, by ages, is not detected.

Эксперименты по кормлению приматов проведены в ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской приматологии» РАН в 2020 году. Цель исследований — изучить влияние пробиотического препарата «Бактистатин» и рыбной муки в рационах кормления самцов Macaca mulatta на затраты кормов и питательных веществ. В структуре рационов были использованы корма животного происхождения, из которых самым ценным для обезьян, как установлено, является рыбная мука вследствие её уникального химического состава. Изучено влияние пробиотического комплекса «Бактистатин» на усвояемость кормов рациона макак-резусов. Данный препарат относится к пробиотикам нового поколения: это биопрепарат с иммобилизованными пробиотическими штаммами и их метаболитами. Исследование было проведено на большом поголовье самцов макак-резусов в условиях вольерного содержания. Изучались рационы кормления, их питательная ценность в результате включения рыбной муки в количестве 18%. А также изучено влияние «Бактистатина» в количестве 3 г/гол на формирование симбиотической микрофлоры желудочно- кишечного тракта с целью улучшить усвоение питательных веществ полнорационных комбикормов. В конце эксперимента были расчитаны затраты кормов, питательных веществ и обменной энергии на одну голову. На основании полученных экспериментальных данных можно утверждать, что введение в состав опытных полнорационных комбикормов рыбной муки оказало положительное влияние на их питательность и степень усвоения питательных веществ, что отразилось на затратах корма и обменной энергии на 1 гол и способствовало увеличению рентабельности содержания обезьян за счёт замены дорогостоящих кормов животного происхождения на рыбную муку. Применение пробиотического препарата «Бактистатин» позволило улучшить степень усвоения питательных веществ, что могло стать следствием нормализации симбиотической микрофлоры, обеспечив лучшее усвоение питательных веществ рациона. Это было подтверждено полученными в результате эксперимента гематологическими показателями и свидетельствовало о хорошем состоянии здоровья приматов и полноценности структуры рецептов полнорационных комбикормов., The experiments were conducted in 2020. The goal was to test feed and nutrient consumption by males of Macaca mulatta fed with probiotic preparation “Baktistatin” and fish flour. Fish flour is the most valuable forage for monkeys due to its unique chemical composition. “Baktistatin” is a new generation additive containing immobilized probiotic strains and their metabolites. Diet compositions as well as forage nutritional value were analyzed. Rhesus macaques consumed 18% of fish flour (of total diet) and 3 g/head of “Baktistatin”. The effect of “Baktistatin” was tested on beneficial microflora of gastrointestinal tract and consequently on nutrient digestibility. Forage costs were calculated in the end of the study as well as nutrient and exchange energy consumption per head. Fish flour positively affected nutritional value of the diet and nutrient digestibility. Substitution of expensive fodder with fish flour increased economic efficiency by reducing costs for feed and exchange energy per head. “Baktistatin” normalized formation of beneficial microflora leading to better nutrient absorption. Hematology tests proved good health condition of primates and effective diet composition., Кормопроизводство, Выпуск 1.2021 2021, Pages 42-48

Настоящая статья отталкивается от значимого исследования протопр. Николая Афанасьева «Церковь, председательствующая в любви», где помимо давно дискутируемого соотношения «местная/универсальная экклезиология» представлена по существу новаторская трактовка примата в церкви, предполагающая фактический отказ от идеи первенства в любом его проявлении в пользу не встречавшегося до этого в академическом богословском дискурсе представления о приоритете. Приоритет по Афанасьеву оказывается исключительно духовным качеством церковного сообщества, которое преуспело более других в харизме христианского свидетельства, основанного на любви Христовой. В настоящей статье рассматривается возможность распространить представление о первенстве в Церкви, основанном на приоритете любви, предложенное протопр. Николаем Афанасьевым как характеристика отношений между местными церквями-общинами, на внутреннюю жизнь каждого локального христианского сообщества. Автор предполагает, что из приоритета любви как основания авторитетности конкретного локального сообщества относительно других, должно следовать, что внутри каждого такого собрания именно харизма любви становится основным, если не единственным критерием ее духовной зрелости и соответствия своему призванию. Превращение приоритета любви в основополагающий и сквозной принцип жизни местной церкви-общины делает необходимым, по мнению автора, внедрение в понятийный аппарат православной экклезиологии представления о «мерцающем» способе пребывания Церкви Божьей в истории, что означает несамодостаточность любой эмпирической формы церковного образования, невзирая на количественный масштаб и степень институциональной эффективности., This article takes as its starting point Fr. Nikolay Afanasiev’s significant study entitled “The Church Which Presides in Love”, in which in addition to treating the long-discussed relationship between local and universal ecclesiology, Afanasiev proposes an innovative interpretation of the church primate (hierarch), which presupposes the practical refusal of any manifestation of primacy in favour of the conceptual imagery of priority, previously unexplored in academic discourse. According to Afanasiev, priority is an exclusively spiritual quality of the church community which exceeds others in the charisma of Christian witness because of its foundation in the love of Christ. This article examines the possibility of extending this understanding of primacy based on a priority of love, as proposed by Fr. Nikolay Afanasiev in the context of interrelations between local church communities, to the internal life of any given local Christian community. The author supposes that it is possible to extrapolate from the priority of love as the foundation of authority of a particular local fellowship in relationship to others, in order to conclude that within each community it is this charisma of love that becomes the foundational, if not unique criterion of the community’s spiritual maturity and the extent to which it is living its calling. Turning the priority of love into a fundamental and pervasive life principle for the local church community makes it necessary, in the author’s opinion, to integrate imagery depicting the “flashing” or “shimmering” manner in which the Church of God appears within history into our conceptual understanding of orthodox ecclesiology. This “shimmering” indicates the lack of self-sufficiency of any given empirical form of church, without respect to its scale in numbers and degree of institutional effectiveness., Вестник Свято-Филаретовского института, Выпуск 34 2020

Analysis of the sequence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which has a maternal nature of inheritance, is an effective way of assessing the individual characteristics of commercial lines. The analysis of the sequence variability of the mtDNA tRNA Ser and tRNA Leu genes in different pig breeds was carried out. The mtDNA tRNA Leu1 , tRNA Leu2 , tRNA Ser1 , tRNA Ser2 genes were chosen as the study objects. For the study of the sequences, data on pigs of different breeds were selected from the National Center for Biotechnological Information (NCBI). The sample group included 20 animals. Alignment of nucleotide sequences was performed using the BioEdit program. Sequence analysis showed the presence of polymorphisms in all studied genes. A total of six polymorphic sites are established, which are represented by transitions. Analysis of the gene tRNA eu showed the presence of A3892G substitution. The polymorphism A3892G in the Wuzhishan and Luchuan pigs was determined in the tRNA Leu1 gene, and polymorphism C3907T was determined in the Swedish wild boar. Many of the pigs studied had a simultaneous presence of two A12879G and C12883T transitions in the tRNA Leu2 gene. One transition of A8103G in the tRNA Ser1 gene was established in Large White pigs of Korean breeding. The polymorphism of the tRNA Ser2 gene is represented by the translation of T12838C into the Italian wild boar. The highest number of polymorphisms was determined in Large White of Korean and Chinese breeding, as well as in the Italian wild boar. The study of mtDNA polymorphism will allow to establish associative links and develop mtDNA markers that can be used in programs for improving and creating breeding resources in pig breeding.

Исследовательским материалом статьи послужили письма Н. Слонимского к В. Дукельскому из Коллекции Вернона Дюка Библиотеки Конгресса США. Впервые публикуются фрагменты писем с 1937 по 1969 год, в которых Н. Слонимский высказывался о музыкальной жизни ХХ века. Кратко освещена история знакомства (1918) и общения Н. Слонимского и В. Дукельского. Тема избранной для статьи переписки - судьбы профессии композитора в США, включая взаимоотношения композитора и дирижера, проблему творческого успеха. В статье освещены некоторые подробности визита Слонимского в СССР., The research material of the article comprise Nicolas Slonimskys letters to Vladimir Dukelsky from the Vernon Duke Collection of the Library of Congress (USA). Large fragments from the letters of 1937 to 1969 which contain Slonimskys thoughts on the 20th century music are being quoted for the first time. The author briefly observes the history of the two musicians acquaintance (1918) and contacts. The correspondence selected for the article embraces such topics as: the profession of composer in the USA, arrangements between composers and conductors, and a problem of public success. The article also contains some details on Slonimskys visit to the USSR., №4(768) (2019)

Aim. Are considered the issues of distribution, the current state, and some ecological peculiarities of the Eurasian beaver Castor fiber in the Rostov region in the south of their range. Methods. The materials presented in the study were collected predominantly in the spring-summer months, based on the information from hunting specialists. Was used the method of counting the number of inhabited settlements. Was also considered the confinement of the animal to certain stations, as well as to the width of the river bed. Results. Over the past two decades, this species has significantly expanded its distribution in the region and settled along the right bank of the Don River up to its mouth. Currently, the number of beavers in the Rostov region is estimated at over 2300 individuals. At the same time, the overwhelming majority of them inhabit the administrative regions located in the north of the region and are more connected with the rivers of Seversky Donets, Kalitva, Chir, the middle course of the Don River. Conclusion. In the Rostov region, the beaver demonstrates the main elements of occupying the territories, which is expressed in the prevalence of construction of burrows over the construction of huts, as well as the absence of dams and canals. In the near future, there is a probable increase in the density of the population of the beaver in the lower reaches of the Don, as well as the colonization of the rivers of the northern part of the Azov Sea.

At least 12 seabird species aggregated permanently around the vessels of pollock trawl fishery in the Okhotsk Sea in January-April, 2015. They were attracted by the fish processing waste and small-sized fish falling from trawls. Fulmars dominated in all fishery districts except the East-Sakhalin subzone (their number was 68.9 % of all birds, on average), they were the most abundant at southwestern Kamchatka. The secondary abundant group of species was large-sized white-headed gulls of Larus genus (31.0 %), mostly slaty-backed gull. Species composition of aggregations and number of the birds were quite dynamic in space and time, but the largest and the most diverse aggregations were observed in the Kamchatka-Kuril fishery district where many seabirds wintered in the Pacific waters. The largest aggregation in this subzone had up to 23,000 ind. around one separate vessel, so hundreds of thousands birds may gather in the area of a trawling fleet operation. Size and species composition of the near-vessel aggregations are determined by biotopic preferences of the species and weather conditions. The pollock trawl fishery is regarded as a powerful factor of the seabirds habitat in the Okhotsk Sea, and the catching and processing waste is a reliable food base for huge bird community, particularly important in winter season.

Examination of leather items (clutches, man-purses, suitcases, and briefcases) using methods of forensic biology and merchandise investigation revealed their outer parts to be made of crocodile and alligator belly skin, and their lining – of textiles and leather from cattle and small domestic ruminants. The diagnostic features of crocodilian skin structures are also listed.

Chemical composition, content of protein, minerals, free amino acids and fatty acids in the muscles, heart, tongue, kidneys, liver, and lungs of California grey whale Eschrichtius robustus are examined. All eatable parts of the grey whale body are significantly watered (water content 78.5-80.5 %), with the minimum water content in the tongue and the maximum in the kidneys. The meat of grey whale has low lipid content and is similar to low-fat beef, lamb or horsemeat. All essential amino acids are presented in the proteins with slight differences in their content depending on localization. Lysine and leucine have the high level in all eatable parts of the whale (15.3-22.6 mg/g WW). The highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids is found in the heart (36.49 %). The content of water-soluble protein varies from 17.9 % for the tongue to 57.9 % for the liver, the content of myofibrillar proteins in the meat, kidneys, tongue and heart ranges between 12.8-25.2 % but they are absent in the lungs and liver. Concentration of toxic elements (As and Cd) depends on localization, with the highest level in kidneys: As 0.42-2.80 mg/kg WW, Cd 0.05-1.22 mg/kg WW.

The spectral analysis of the multi-year (1984–2005) dynamics of reproductive parameters in the population of Tree Sparrow Passer montanus was carried out in the vicinity of Lake Chany (Baraba forest-steppe). In this species the inter-annual dynamics cycling of the average size of clutches and eggs was revealed. The dominant clutch size cycle of the Tree Sparrow is 11 years. This species may adapt to the cycles of the air temperature dynamics similar in time during the second and third decades of May, when the most pairs begin to reproduce. Since the sparrows fledge mostly with insects, an abundance of which depends on thermal environment, such adjustment provides a higher productivity of individuals and populations in general. Less expressed 3–4-year cycles of clutch size, most likely, are caused by the intra-population reasons. The average seasonal fecundity of the Tree Sparrow depends on the ratio between the first and second clutches. The proportion of second clutches varies with the periodicity of three-year and 12-year (multiple of three). Perhaps this is due to the three-year dynamics of the age structure, as the majority of Tree Sparrow yearling are monocyclic. Rhythm spectra of long-term changes in the linear dimensions and volume of eggs of the Tree Sparrow are very similar. The most powerful cycle lasts approximately 7-year, but there are 3-and 2-year periodic components less expressed on power. Probably the of egg dimensions cycling is determined by a variety of external and intra-population factors (food supply, age distribution of the population, timing and duration of their breeding season). References Vengerov P. D. Jekologicheskie zakonomernosti izmenchivosti i korreljacii morfologicheskih struktur ptic (Ecological regularities of variability and correlation of morphological structures of birds). Voronezh: Publishing house of Voronezh state University, 2001. 248 pp. Erdakov L. N. Biologicheskie ritmy i printsipy sinkhronizatsii v ekologicheskikh sistemakh (khronoekologiya) (Chronoecology: Biological Rhythms and Principles of Synchronization in Biological Systems). Tomsk: Tomsk. Gos. Univ., 1991. 216 pp. Klimov S. M. Jekologo-jevoljucionnye aspekty izmenchivosti oomorfologicheskih pokazatelej ptic (Ecologo-evolutionary aspects of the oomorphological parameters in birds). Lipetsk: Lipetsk State Pedagogical University Press, 2003. 208 pp. Lack, D. The Natural Regulation of Animal Numbers, Oxford, 1954. Translated under the title Chislennost’ zhivotnykh i ee regulyatsiya v prirode, Moscow: Inostrannaya Literatura, 1957. 404 pp. Marple Jr. S. L. Digital spectral analysis with applications, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1987. Translated under the title Cifrovoj spektral'nyj analiz i ego prilozhenija, Moscow: “Mir” 1990. 584 pp. Martynyuk V. S., Vladimirskij B. M.Temuryants N. A. Biologicheskie ritmy i jelektromagnitnye polja sredy obitanija (Biological rhythms and electromagnetic fields environment) // Geophysical Processes and Biosphere. 2006. Vol. 5. No. 1. P. 5-23. Mänd R. Vnutripopuljacionnaja izmenchivost' ptich'ih jaic (Intrapopulation variation of avian eggs). Tallin: “Valgus”. 1988. 192 pp. Payevsky V. A. Demografija ptic (Avian Demography). Leningrad: “Nauka” Press, 1985. 285 pp. Pul’siruyushchee ozero Chany (The Pulsating Lake Chany), Leningrad: “Nauka” Press, 1982. 304 pp. Taranyuk M. I. Issledovanie ciklichnosti klimata i monitoring atmosfernyh processov na territorii jugo-vostoka Zapadnoj Sibiri (Analysis of climate cyclicity and monitoring of atmospheric processes in the southeast of Western Siberia), Cand. Sci. (Geogr.) Dissertation, Tomsk: Publishing house of Tomsk state University, 2000. 116 pp. Chernyshov V. M. Population ecology of the Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus) in the South of Western Siberia // Birds of Siberia: fauna, communities and populations structure and dynamics / Ed. L. G. Vartapetov. - Moscow: KMK Scientific Press Ltd, 2011. (Proceedings of the Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, vol. 47). P. 197–223. Yakushev D. I. Algoritmy matematicheskogo modelirovaniya (Algorithms of Mathematical Modeling), St. Petersburg: Polikom, 2002. 100 pp. Barkowska M., Pinowski J., Pinowska B. The effect of trends in ambient temperature on egg volume in the Tree Sparrow Passer montanus // Acta Ornithol. 2003. Vol. 38. No. 1. P. 5–13. Christians J. K. Avian egg size: variation within species and inflexibility within individuals // Biological Reviews. 2002. Vol. 77. P. 1–26. Climate ZDVINSK: http://en.tutiempo.net/climate/ws-297120.html (date of access - 27.08.2015). Dolenec Z., Dolenec P., Møller A. P. Warmer springs, laying date and clutch size of tree sparrows Passer montanus in Croatia // Current Zoology. 2011. Vol. 57. Issue 3. P. 414−418. Elton C. S. Periodic fluctuations in the numbers of animals: their causes and effects. // British Journal of Experimental Biology. 1924. Vol. 2. P. 119–163. Enemar A, Sjöstrand B., Andersson G., von Proschwitz T. The 37-year dynamics of a subalpine passerine bird community, with special emphasis on the influence of environmental temperature and Epirrita autumnata cycles // Ornis Svecica. 2004. Vol. 14. P. 63–106. García-Navas V., Sanz J. J. Yearly and seasonal variation of breeding parameters in a declining multi-brooded passerine, the Tree Sparrow. // Ardea. 2012. Vol. 100. Issue 1. P. 79–88. GNU Octave. http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/ (дата обращения: 11.12.2013). Gromadzki M. Variability of egg-size of some species of the forest birds // Ekol. Polska A. 1966. Vol. 14. P. 99–109. Hoyt D. F. Practical methods of estimating volume and fresh weight of bird eggs // Auk. 1979. Vol. 96, No. 1. P. 73–77. Klomp H. The determination of clutch-size in birds. A review. // Ardea. 1970. Vol. 58. Issue 1-2. P. 1–124. Krist M. Egg size and offspring quality: a meta-analysis in birds // Biological Reviews. 2011. Vol. 86. P. 692–716. Lebedeva N. V. Variability of clutch and egg sizes of the Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus) in South-Western Russia // Intern. Stud. Sparrows. 1999. Vol. 26. P. 48–57. Lindström, J., Ranta, E., Kokko, H. Lundberg, P., Kaitala, V. From arctic lemmings to adaptive dynamics: Charles Elton’s legacy in population ecology. // Biological Reviews. 2001. Vol. 76. P. 129–158. Moss R., Watson A. Population Cycles in Birds of the Grouse Family (Tetraonidae). // Advances in Ecological Research. 2001. Vol. 32. P. 53–111. Nyholm N. E. I. 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Objective of research: To study the role of phoresy of the louse Mallophaga on the population of the louse-fly Hippoboscidae. Material and methods: In 1997–2015 more than 10000 birds were caught; from them about 2000 louse-flies Hippoboscidae were collected and studied. Results and discussion: 12 cases of phoresy of the louse Mallophaga on the louse-fly Hippoboscidae were recorded: 7 cases of phoresy of Columbicola columbae on pigeon louse flies Pseudolynchia canariensis collected from pigeons (Columba livia); one case — phoresy of the louse Ricinus rubeculae on the louse fly Orniyhomyia fringillina from the robin (Erithacus rubecula); one case — phoresy of the louse on the louse fly O. avicularia from the rook (Corvus frugilegus); one — phoresy of the louse on louse fly O. avicularia from the cuckoo (Cuculus canorus); one — phoresy of the louse on the louse fly Ornithoica turdi from the nightingale (Luscinia luscinia); one case — phoresy of the louse on the louse fly O. chloropus from Luscinia svecica.

The studies of species composition and abundance of diurnal birds of prey may be quite indicative of the state of natural ecosystems and of the level of impact of human-induced factors on their functions. Such studies are particularly important within the protected areas taking into account unfavourable conservation status of many species of the group. The status, abundance, aspects of habitat distribution and breeding habitat preferences of diurnal birds of prey were studied within national nature park ‘Dvorichanskyi’ and adjacent territories (750 sq. km, Dvorichanskyi district, Kharkiv Region, Ukraine) in 2010–2018. 22 species were registered. The breeding of six species was confirmed e.g. Black Kite (Milvus migrans), Marsh Harrier (Circus aeruginosus), Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus), Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo), Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus). The breeding of four more species is considered probable namely Honey Buzzard (Pernis apivorus), Montagu’s Harrier (Circus pygargus), White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) and Hobby (Falco subbuteo). There are indications of possible breeding of Short-toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) and Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus). The rest of the species are migrating and/or wintering. The most numerous breeding species is Common Buzzard. The abundance of Booted Eagle is comparatively high that discerns the study area from other parts of Kharkiv Region. 40 nests of birds of prey were carefully inspected. The majority were found in ravine steppe forests (83%). Oak, alder and willow flood-plain forests are very important breeding habitats for Black Kite and Booted Eagle while ravine steppe forests are those for Goshawk, Sparrowhawk, Common Buzzard and Booted Eagle. Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) is the most favourable tree species for building the nests (47.5% of all inspected nests) followed by European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) (15%) and European pear (Pyrus communis) (10%).

Описаны особенности полного технологического процесса приготовления композиционного субстрата для выращивания вешенки на основе соломы и лузги семян подсолнечника в сочетании с содержащими азот питательными добавками в ООО «Апрель» (Тула), а также результаты внедрения в производство новейшего способа термической обработки субстрата методом стерилизации в автоклаве, позволяющего получать высококачественный субстрат, свободный от патогенов и вредителей., The features of the complete technological process of composite substrate preparation based on straw and husk of sunflower seeds in combination with nitrogen-containing nutritional additives at LLC Aprel (Tula) are described, as well as the results of the introduction into production of the latest method of heat treatment of the substrate by sterilization in an autoclave, which allows to obtain a high-quality substrate free of infectious agents and pests., №2 (2019)

This paper considers the integrated approach to modeling the dynamics of genetic structure and the number of natural population. A set of dynamic models with different types of natural selection is used to describe a possible mechanism for the fixing of a genetic diversity in size of the litter in coastal, continental and farmed populations of arctic fox (Alopex lagopus, Canidae, Carnivora) observed now. The most interesting results have been obtained with the model of population consisting of two stages of development. At that with the frame of this model a dynamics of population genetic structure on genotypes was analyzed to consider different reproductive abilities and fitnesses of pups on the early stage of lifecycle which defined by the single diallelic gene. This model allows to receive a monomorphism for coastal populations of arctic fox, where food resources are practically constant. As well the model allows polymorphism with cyclical fluctuations in the number and frequency of the gene in the continental populations due to regular fluctuating of rodent number, the major component of its food. In farmed populations by selective selection carried out by farmers to increase the reproductive success, this gene is a pleiotropic one (i. e., determining the survival rate of individuals both early and late stages of their life cycle); so an application of appropriate model (with the selection of pleiotropic gene) allows to get an adequate rate of elimination for small litters allele.

Цель исследования выяснение влияния синего (450 нм) и красного (630 нм) светодиодного облучения различной энергетической экспозиции на активность митохондриальной цитохром соксидазы. Методики. Объектом исследования служили митохондрии, изолированные из печени японского перепела Coturnix japonica . Цитохром соксидазную активность измеряли по скорости окисления восстановленного тетраметилрфенилендиамина в присутствии ротенона. Результаты. Показано, что облучение митохондрий синим светом с энергетическими экспозициями, не превышающими 4 Дж/см вызывает примерно 515процентную стимуляцию активности цитохром соксидазы, а дозы больше 5 Дж/см приводят к ингибированию активности фермента. Облучение митохондрий красным светом также оказывает стимулирующее действие (1020) на цитохром соксидазную активность по сравнению с необлученными образцами. Заключение. Предполагается, что низкодозовое облучение синим светом может иметь сходное с красным светом терапевтическое действие при фотобиомодуляции., The aim was to study the effect of blue (450 nm) and red (630 nm) LED irradiation with different energy exposures on activity of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. Methods. The study was performed on mitochondria isolated from the liver of Japanese quail Coturnix japonica . Cytochrome c oxidase activity was measured by the rate of oxidation of reduced tetramethylpphenylenediamine in the presence of rotenone. Results. Irradiation of mitochondria with blue light at doses not exceeding 4 J/cm caused approximately 515 stimulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity while doses higher than 5 J/cm led to inhibition of this enzyme. Irradiation of mitochondria with red light also exerted a slight stimulating effect (1020) on cytochrome c oxidase activity compared to unirradiated samples. Conclusion. The study suggested that lowdose irradiation with blue light may produce a therapeutic effect similar to red light in photobiomodulation., №3 (2019)

Представлены результаты экспериментальной работы по оптимизации состава композиционного субстрата на основе соломы озимой пшеницы и лузги семян подсолнечника, применяемого для промышленного культивирования плодовых тел вешенки, обеспечивающие повышение питательной ценности субстрата, его водно-воздушного режима и повышения урожайности культуры и качества плодовых тел., The results of experimental work on optimization of the composition of the composite substrate based on straw of winter wheat and sunflower seed husk used for industrial cultivation of fruit bodies of oyster mushroom, providing an increase in the nutritional value of the substrate, its water-air regime and increase of crop yield and quality of fruit bodies are presented., №9 (2018)

В статье проанализирован публицистический текст А. А. Проханова, посвященный предвыборной президентской кампании 2017 года в России. Одним из главных фигурантов этой публикации является К. А. Собчак, которая изображается Прохановым как хищный пушной зверек (норка)., Политическая лингвистика, Issue № 6 (72), Pages 72-77

The subject of this article is the study of certain characteristics of the distribution and abundance of the Caucasus subspecies of European roe deer in the Chechen Republic. The purpose of this study is to analyze the most characteristic features of the species biology and ecology, Adaptive conduct. Methods. Direct observation methods used, the collection traces activity and accounting numbers. The results. The article presents the results of long-term observations of Roe in the Chechen Republic in different seasons of the year. Data on the distribution and characteristics of the region, the distribution of habitats. Discusses the results of reproduction and food species, seasonal cikle of life and some features of behaviour in terms of the Republic. Field of application. The research results can be used to develop measures for the preservation and restoration of the main hunting-fishing species of the Chechen Republic, in carrying out biotechnical activities on hunting farms.

The article presents the results of long-term observations of the hunting-fishing kind of fauna of the CR - Badger. Studied feeding habits, reproduction, placement, as well as the influence of various factors on the strength and survival of the species. The study tested many modern methods of surveillance and data processing on many issues of biology and ecology of the species in all natural zones of the Republic. Methods: we used the methods of collecting faeces and traces of life, taking the number on the analysis of havens, accounting tracks. The feeding habits have been studied on the contents of stomachs and defining systematic conditioning food residue. Applied techniques Morphometry, morphological and physiological analysis. Results: the results of the research were obtained data on abundance and Habitat Badgers in the Chechen Republic, on the number of species in different natural zones. Describe the basic biology and ecology of the species, its morphological and physiological indicators. Describes in detail the feeding habits and reproduction of Badger in the foothills and high mountains, the influence of anthropogenic factors. Application results: the data obtained by environmental organizations for the development of measures to protect the species from poachers and illegal methods of extraction. Results of the study of biology and ecology can be used to analyze the influence of characteristics of natural and climatic conditions of the Chechen Republic to the environmental adaptation of species, assessing the practical value of Badgers in the wild.

Pine marten’s forests lands and footprints’ occurrence were investigated on four sites located along the lacy natural habitat’s European-Siberian part southern boundaries. In the forest-steppe zone pine martens prefer the lime-maple oak groves and pineries borders and drained woods of the river flood-lands. Antropogenous factor as the source of anxiety corrects pine martens’ territorial selectivity.

The article gives some new data on white stork nesting in the eastern near Azov area. The author analyses factors influencing the appearance of these birds in places which are not typical for them and describes some biological peculiarities of white stork development in the eastern near Azov area.

The article is devoted to the study of helminthofauna of the striped lizard in Lankaran natural region. The landscape and ecological analysis of distribution of the helminthofauna is provided. As a result of studies on 99 individuals of striped lizard totally 14 species of helminthes, including 1 trematode species, 1 species of cestode, 3 species of akantocefals and 9 species of nematodes were found.

We investigated immunogenic properties of vaccine constructs based on lipid-saponin tubular immunostimulating complexes (TI-complexes), and an individual antigen, i.e., monomeric and trimeric forms of porin isolated from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. An opportunity of enhanced immune response to TI-embedded porin was shown upon addition of echinochrome A (ECA) from sea urchin Scaphechinus mirabilis to TI-complexes. Immunization of mice with such a vaccine preparation results into a more intense specific humoral immune response to monomeric and trimeric forms of porin. (Med. Immunol., 2011, vol. 13, N 2-3, pp 139-144 )

The special study to find a more cost-effective source of immunodiagnostic products was conducted. Determination of titers of specific immunoglobulins to HBsAg in serum and egg yolk of quail using different preparation for immunization showed that the most effective mode is immunization of quail by the HBsAg adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide and injected into reverse emulsion «water–oil».

Widespread epizootiological investigations were performed to estimate the influence of the Amur River flood on the epizootic activity of tularemia in small rodent populations within natural and anthropourgic foci. Determined were the numbers of the rodent-carriers and epizootic activity of tularemia infection in the forest type, lowland, flood-swamped as well as anthropourgic foci. The capture and enumeration of the rodents was conducted using Gero rat traps. Tested were water and silt samples, rodent nests, pellets and excrements of carnivorous mammals. Blood sera of healthy persons living within the focal territory were examined to reveal the immune-competent cohort. Collected materials were analyzed using bacteriological, genetic diagnostic and serological methods. Extremely high numbers of the carriers were registered in the lowland meadow-field and anthropourgic foci adjacent to the flooded areas. The signs of tularemia epizootic process were observed in the meadow-field and flood-swamped foci. Failed to reveal during the period of high water were the epizooties in the forest foci.

In 1867 Alexander Kowalevsky published an account of the development of the cephalochordate Amphioxus lanceolatus (now known as Branchiostoma lanceolatum) (Kowalevsky, 1867). Together with his study of the development of urochordates (Kowalevsky, 1866; 1871), this introduced a new way of thinking about the relationship between the evolution and development of animals, and established the basis for long-standing theories of the evolutionary origin of vertebrates. Some one hundred and fifty years later, cephalochordates and urochordates are again in the spotlight, as molecular biology and genome sequencing promise further revelations about the origin of vertebrates. The work of the 2006 Kowalevsky Medal winner, Peter Holland (Fig. 1), has played a central role in their reinstatement (see Mikhailov and Gilbert (2002) for more details of the history of the Kowalevsky Medal). Here, I profile Peter Holland's contribution to the rebirth of Evolutionary Developmental Biology in general and the study of homeobox genes and vertebrate origins in particular. © 2008 MAIK Nauka.

В статье показаны особенности гнездования большого баклана (Phalacrocorax carbo) на Обиточной косе (Приморский район, Запорожская область) в 2015 г. Проанализирована динамика численности баклана на территории косы, начиная с 1983 года, дана характеристика гнездовых биотопов, фенологии размножения. Изучены структура гнездовой колонии, размер кладок и характер суточной активности большого баклана. Выявлены зависимости между: сроками прилета баклана на места гнездования и среднесуточной температурой месяца, предшествовавшего периоду гнездования, высотой гнезда и количеством яиц в нем. Изучены показатели плотности гнездования, высоты деревьев и локализации гнезд на них, средний размер кладок. Ключевые слова: большой баклан (Phalacrocorax carbo), Обиточная коса, структура колонии, гнездовая биология., We studied the breeding ecology of the Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) on Obytichna spit (Prymorskyi district, Zaporizhia region) in 2015. We analyzed the dynamics of the number of cormorants, characteristics of breeding habitats, and breeding phenology since 1983. The structure of nesting colony, the size of clutches and the daily activity of the cormorants were also studied. We revealed dependence between the dates of arrival of the cormorants at nesting sites and the average temperature of the month preceding the period of breeding, between nest height and clutch size. We also described the breeding densities, height of trees and patern of nest location, and the size of clutches.Keywords: Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), Obytichna spit, colony structure, breeding ecology.

The morphogenesis of the lake frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) vomeronasal organ was studied during different ontogenesis stages. The vomeronasal organ is laid after the formation of olfactory sacs, which are lined by olfactory epithelium, and after choan formation. Vomeronasal organ anlage takes place during G24 stage of larval development, which is the result of inflection and cell redistribution of olfactory epithelium rostroventral part. Formation of the vomeronasal organ finished at the beginning of metamorphosis. Apparently, vomeronasal organ appeared in aquatic Amphibia ancestors and after their transition from aquatic to terrestrial environment it developed new adaptive functions. Исследовано развитие вомероназального органа лягушки озерной (Pelophylax ridibundus) в разные периоды онтогенеза. Вомероназальный орган закладывается после образования обонятельных мешков, которые выстланы обонятельным эпителием, и хоан. Его закладка происходит на G24 стадии личиночного развития вследствие выпячивания и перераспределения клеток ростровентральной части обонятельного эпителия. Формирование вомероназального органа заканчивается в начале периода метаморфоза. Очевидно, что образование вомероназального органа состоялось в водных предков земноводных, и в результате выхода животных на сушу он приобрел новые адаптивные функции.