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In this study, the optimal configuration of the molecular system «manganese silicate nanoparticles - essential amino acid» was determined using quantum chemical simulation. To begin with, quantum chemical simulation of individual molecules of manganese silicate and essential amino acids was carried out, after which molecular systems «manganese silicate nanoparticles - essential amino acids» were modeled, in which an oxygen atom attached to silicon atom in manganese silicate was combined with an ionized amino group of amino acids. As a result, it was found that the molecular systems «manganese silicate nanoparticles - essential amino acids» are energetically advantageous and chemically stable. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the optimal configuration of these molecular systems is the interaction of manganese silicate with lysine through the ionized α-amino group of lysine. This molecular system has the highest values of the difference in total energy (ΔE = 73.268 kcal/mol) and chemical hardness (η = 0.144 eV), which are indicators of energy benefits and chemical stability of molecular system. After mixing manganese acetate, L-lysine and sodium silicate, manganese silicate nanoparticles stabilized with L-lysine were obtained.

А biologically active nanosystem based on riboflavin, copper microelement and the amino acid lysine copper lysinatoriboflavinate has been developed. The obtained sample of the biologically active additive was studied by a complex of modern methods of analysis, namely: spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, spectrophotoluminescence spectroscopy. In addition, computer quantum chemical modeling was carried out. It has been established that the most energetically favorable model of a biologically active nanosystem based on riboflavin, a trace element of copper and lysine is a model in which riboflavin is bound to the copper ion through the enol oxygen at C2 and the neighboring nitrogen heteroatom N3, and lysine is bound to the copper ion through the carboxyl and amino groups in α position. As a result of the analysis of micrographs of a biologically active nanosystem based on riboflavin, copper microelement and lysine amino acid, it was found that the particles have an acicular structure, the width of individual crystals is from 100 to 300 nm, and the length reaches several microns. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectra of a biologically active nanosystem based on riboflavin, the microelement copper, and the amino acid lysine coincide with the theoretical concepts of the structure of the elements under consideration. The analysis did not show the presence of impurity compounds, which may allow us to judge the high purity of the developed compound.

Due to its protein component, donkey’s milk is a multifunctional product with a wide range of beneficial physiological properties. It is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, rejuvenating, antimicrobial, and antitumor effects. However, the milk of Kyrgyz donkeys has not received proper scientific attention in this respect. This study analyzed the seasonal amino acid profile and biological value of milk obtained from Kyrgyz donkeys. The donkeys belonged to the Kyrgyz breed and inhabited the highlands of the Chui Region, Republic of Kyrgyzstan. The sampling took place in April, July, and September. The amino acid composition of milk proteins was determined by capillary electrophoresis. The biological value of proteins was assessed by amino acid score, index of essential amino acids (Auxerre index), utility ratio of essential amino acids, and utility ratio of amino acid composition. The analysis revealed 18 amino acids, including eight essential ones. The total content of amino acids in the spring samples was 1840.07 mg/100 g. In the summer samples, this value peaked at 2037 mg/100 g; in autumn, it dropped to 1264.35 mg/100 g. The changes could be explained by the seasonal differences in the diet. The ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids approached 1:1. The milk also proved to contain arginine, which is an essential amino acid for a juvenile organism. In the spring samples, its content was 2.5 times as big as in the autumn ones. Leucine and isoleucine were responsible for 1/3 of the essential amino acids (322.60 ± 19.35 mg/100 g). The summer samples demonstrated the maximal content of some other essential amino acids, except for valine and tryptophan, which appeared to be the limiting essential amino acids for donkey’s milk in the autumn period. Total essential amino acids in the spring, summer, and autumn samples amounted to 54.24, 59.26, and 34.77 g/100 g, respectively, which exceeded the value for the reference protein (27.46 g/100 g). Kyrgyz donkey’s milk proteins were of high biological value, regardless of the season, which means that donkey’s milk can become part of new functional products.

The presented study allowed for better coverage of the features of new varieties of soft winter wheat and winter triticale, demonstrating the bioecological potential of their crops and the biochemical and physicochemical parameters of grain, which is a relevant matter. This paper presents the results of selection work on winter triticale, highlights the parameters of productivity, the biochemical composition of grain of the new Myronosets variety. The purpose of this study was to create new genotypes of winter triticale and soft winter wheat and investigate them in terms of bioecological potential and biochemical, physico-chemical parameters of grain. The study involved biometric, physico-chemical, biochemical, and mathematical research methods. The Myronosets variety has a high grain yield (6.8-7.2 t/ha), a high protein content (≥14.2%) and a composition of essential amino acids, which confirms its nutritional and consumer value. It is recommended to use flour from this variety to produce functional bakery products. For the first time, it was found that Myronosets triticale variety is superior (4919 mg/100 g DM) to Ariivka wheat variety (3977 mg/100 g DM) and Borotba rye variety (3241 mg/100 g DM) in total amino acid content. It was found that triticale grain is inferior to wheat grain in terms of tryptophan and isoleucine content. Rye is inferior to wheat grain in all essential amino acids except leucine, and to triticale – in all amino acids except tryptophan. The most represented amino acids in triticale grain were as follows: leucine (1442 mg/100 g), valine (733 mg/100 g), phenylalanine (720 mg/100 g) and isoleucine (510 mg/100 g), in rye – leucine (1343 mg/100 g), valine (481 mg/100 g) and phenylalanine (396 mg/100 g). Further broad targeted introduction of the new variety in agroecosystems will increase the volume of grain of valuable both animal feed and to produce functional bakery products

The concept of adequate nutrition envisages the compliance of a diet or a multicomponent product with multiple specific criteria, including the balance of proteins, fats and carbohydrates (P: F: C), biological value of protein, the presence of necessary vitamins and minerals in the composition and so on. Adherence to the theory of adequate nutrition is a multicriterion task, which solution in the full measure is not considered possible. The paper examines specific indicators and makes an attempt to construct multicomponent groats that meet two main criteria — protein completeness and balance (P: C). The value of the criteria is based on the recommendations of the Federal Hygienic and Epidemiological Center of the RF. Complete protein corresponds to the minimal essential amino acid (EAA) score not lower than one. The B: C ratio, in general, depends on a human gender, age and physical load. The B: C was taken as averaged for men of different ages and different physical loads. In this study, traditional groats (fine-ground barley, rice, maize, millet), groats from grains of leguminous crops (chickpea, lentil, kidney bean, pea) and oil seeds (flax, hemp) were examined as ingredients. Using the computational method and data on the nutritional value of food products from several databases, the authors developed recipes of two- and threecomponent groats that meet the indicated criteria. The proportion of leguminous and oil crops in the obtained mixtures is 17–45%, which can affect taste of porridge. During the study, tasting of fine-ground barley porridge with addition of chickpea and lentil upon legume addition at a level of 10–35% was carried out. The porridge taste remained to be pleasant even at the maximum level of legume addition. Off-flavor typical of legumes was absent.

Purpose of the study. Amplifying the effects of low-intensity modulated electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of the extremely high frequency range (EHF) on the tumor and adaptational status of old tumor-bearing rats with the help of complexes of essential amino acids enriched withvitamins and microelements (AaVM).Materials and methods. In experiments on 50 old white outbred male rats with transplantable sarcoma 45, the effects of EMR EHF and the combined effect of EMR EHF and AaVM were studied. For exposure to EHF EHF, the "Yav-1" medical device was used. The frequency modulation with 42.2 GHz as a center frequency was applayed. The duration of treatmaent was 4 weeks. We studied the dynamics of tumor size, adaptive status (according to hematological indicators of the character and tension of the general nonspecific adaptational reactions of the body), structural and functional changes in the tumor tissue, thymus and liver. In the statistical analysis of the results, student's t test and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test were used.Results. The anti-stress effect of EMR EHF on the organism of old tumor-bearing rats, accompanied by temporary inhibition of sarcoma 45 growth was shown. The combination of EMR EHF exsposure and AaVM (as an additional metabolic factor) leaded to a persistent pronounced antitumor effect in 60% of animals. Inhibition of tumor growth in 4 times or more, as well as individual cases of its partial regression were observed. At the same time, a higher adaptational status including more numerous signs of activation of the thymus and liver than in the cases of using only EHF EMR were noted.Conclusion. The results indicate the promise of a combination of activation electromagnetic therapy and application of complexes of essential amino acids enriched with vitamins and microelements in the development of effective methods of accompanying and supportive treatment of cancer patients.

Introduction. Grain germination can improve the nutritional value and functional properties of grain. The research featured the effect of technological processing on the quality of the finished product as in the case of natural, germinated, and canned wheat grains. A set of experiments was conducted to define the mineral substances and amino acid composition as factors that affect the chemical composition of a product during its production. Study objects and methods. The research featured soft wheat grain, germinated wheat grain, and canned germinated wheat grain. The latter consisted of 55% of pre-treated germinated wheat grain and 45% of filling, which contained 4.5% of sugar and 3.5% of salt. The content of mineral substances was determined by atomic-emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma using an atomicemission spectrometer Optima 2100 DV (USA). The amino acid composition was determined using a liquid chromatograph Agilent 1200 (USA). Results and discussion. 100 grams of canned germinated grain contained about 15% of daily manganese, 12% of chromium (III), 8.4% of copper, and 8.3% of zinc. Canned germinated wheat demonstrated a high biological protein value and contained 20.6% of essential amino acids. As for amino acids, canned germinated wheat grains had a high content of proline (958.4 mg/100 g) and glutamic acid (2456.4 mg/100 g). The characteristics of the nutritional value of canned protein from germinated wheat grains included amino acid rate, amino acid feedstock difference coefficient (AAFDC), and potential biological value (PBV). The proteins of canned germinated wheat appeared inferior in their amino acid composition and contained insufficient amounts of lysine and threonine. The coefficient of differences in amino acid scores was 71.9%, while the potential biological value of the protein was 28.1%. Conclusion. Germinated grains have a certain set of minerals and amino acids in their composition. Therefore, they can be used to develop canned foods or dishes for public catering industry. The effect of technological processing on the mineral composition of the finished product resulted in the loss of mineral substances from 45 to 85%. Moreover, germinated wheat should be combined with products that are rich in lysine and threonine.

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Nowadays, an important part of the world food problem is a shortage of protein in the diet. This is a complicated problem, the significance of which is related to the special role of protein in a human life. The negative dynamics of protein value changes in the human diet is associated with both quantitative protein deficiency and a gradual reduction of its biological value. In accordance with the problem of protein deficiency in the population diet the amino acid composition has been studied and biological value of unique and worldwide recognized culture of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) has been calculated. The study used the white quinoa seeds grown under the agro-climatic conditions of Krasnodar territory of 2015 harvest. It has been stated that the amino acid composition of quinoa seeds is presented by all essential amino acids. The calculated indices of the biological value, such as the ratio of amino acid differences, rationality coefficient of amino acid composition, protein efficiency ratio and the index of essential amino acids, showed the advantage of the protein value of quinoa seeds compared with the main crops (wheat, corn, and rice). The daily norm of proteins and essential amino acids for primary school children and adults consuming 100 grams of quinoa seeds has also been calculated. It has been found that when using 100g of quinoa the daily norm in essential amino acids for adults in phenylalanine only is covered by 74.3%, and norms of the remaining amino acids are covered completely, and for primary school children the daily norm of essential amino acids is covered by an average of 80% and the most deficient lysine is covered completely.