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Epidemiological studies have proven the connection between high consumption of dietary fiber and a reduction in the risk of many diseases. In clinical trials, the possibility of functional regulation of the intestine and intestinal microbiome by dietary fibers has been revealed, which may be significant in certain diseases of the digestive system. This review provides information on the relationship between the physico-chemical properties and functional characteristics of dietary fibers, discusses evidence of the effectiveness of their use in the treatment of diseases of the digestive system, discusses the need to enrich food with dietary fibers.

The main principle in the enrichment of food with minor bioactive compounds is the prediction and evaluation of possible chemical interactions of the components included in the matrix of the food. These interactions have a impact on the bioavailability of minor bioactive compounds. In our work, we studied the processes of sorption and desorption (release), the main processes affecting the bioavailability of the minor bioactive compound ecdysterone (20 E) in the composition of functional food ingredients obtained from spinach leaves (FFI-1) and quinoa grains (FFI-2) on hydrocolloid matrix - inulin. The objective of the research was to study the completeness of sorption-desorption processes of 20 E in adaptogenic compositions with inulin and functional food ingredients based on spinach and quinoa under the influence of hydrolytic enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in vitro. Material and methods . To obtain experimental compositions, containing FFI-1 and FFI-2 and the polysaccharide (inulin), a mechanical mixing method was used. To study the sorption properties, model solutions of the compositions were prepared. Using an in vitro enzymatic model, the ability of 20 E to be released from the matrix of the compositions was studied. The content of 20 E was determined by HPLC-MS/MS. Results . 6 compositions with different ratios of polysaccharide/FFI were obtained. At the first stage of the study, the maximum sorption of 20E in the model solution was observed for 4 compositions with the ratio of inulin : FFI = 2.50 or 3.75 g : 189.19 mg FFI-1 or 68.40 mg FFI-2. At the second stage of the study, when assessing the desorption of 20 E on the enzymatic GIT model, it was found that 20 E almost completely released only from 2 compositions, in other cases about 25% of 20 E remained in a bound state. Conclusion . The formulation of two compositions with the ratio of inulin (2.50 g) : FFI-1 (189.19 mg)/FFI-2 (68.40 mg) were obtained, which have the most optimal sorption / release parameters of 20 E under the influence of human gastrointestinal enzymes. These compositions can be considered promising for inclusion in the formulation of fortified foods., Competing Interests: Authors declare no conflict of interests., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)

The article provides an overview of official documents and scientific literature on the development of a policy of enrichment of vitamins and minerals with diets of the population at the level of international organizations in various countries and in the world as a whole. International programs on micronutrient fortification of food products are considered from the standpoint of protecting public health. The article focuses on the availability and effectiveness of ways to improve the vitamin and mineral status of various social groups.

The development and implementation of effective means to improve performance, endurance, rapid recovery of the body after physical exertion and, ultimately, improve athletic performance are still relevant. The aim of the work was to develop a new specialized product based on dry mare's milk, as well as to evaluate its effectiveness on an experimental model of physical activity. Material and methods . A specialized product has been developed, including powdered mare's milk, skimmed cow's milk, vegetable cream, crushed sea buckthorn fruits, wheat germ, vitamins A, E, C, PP, folic acid, mineral substances (selenium, magnesium, zinc, iron), inulin, dry bacterial starter culture (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus lactis, Bifidobacterium bifidum in a 1:1:1 ratio) and fucoidan. Experimental studies were carried out on 70 white male Wistar rats with an initial body weight of 207-226 g. Animals were fed complete semi-synthetic diet with free access to food and water. Animals of the experimental group additionally received 10 g of a specialized product daily. The control group of animals additionally received glucose in an amount corresponding to the calorie content of 10 g of the specialized product (45 kcal). The animals were subjected to physical exertion - forced swimming until they were completely tired. The swimming test was carried out every seven days during the 21-day experimental period with a load of 10% of the animal's body weight. In hemolysates of erythrocytes, liver microsomes, and in the mitochondrial fraction of the femoral muscle, the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase was assessed using kits, the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugates was determined by spectrophotometry. The level of lactic and pyruvic acids in the blood serum and femoral muscle of rats was assessed by spectrophotometry. The liver and heart were histologically examined. Results . Feeding animals the specialized protein product for 21 days resulted in a statistically significant increase in endurance, as evidenced by data on the time of swimming with a load. So, in the experimental group, in comparison with the initial data, the swimming time increased by 223%. In the control group, the time of swimming with a load increased in comparison with the initial data by only 71.4%, which was 3.1 fold lower than the values in the experimental group. The time of swimming with a load of animals from both groups did not change statistically significantly in the next 7 days of feeding exclusively semi-synthetic diet. The consumption of the specialized product was accompanied by a positive trend in the change in the antioxidant status indicators. Thus, in the membranes of erythrocytes, there was a decrease in the concentration of malondialdehyde by 55.2% and an increase in the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase by 19.6 and 37.9%, respectively, compared with data in the control group. In the microsomal fraction of the liver, the level of MDA decreased by 40.0% and catalase activity increased by 59.6%. In the mitochondrial fraction of the femoral muscle, a decrease in the level of MDA and diene conjugates was noted, respectively, by 46.8 and 40.8%. In rats of the experimental group, the concentration of lactic acid in the blood serum was reduced by 40.6%, and in the femoral muscle - by 24.7% compared with animals of the control group. Histological studies of the hepatic and cardiac tissues confirmed positive changes in the structure of the studied organs. Conclusion . The results obtained indicate a favorable effect of the protein mixture on the state of the antioxidant system, the general physiological state of rats, their endurance in relation to physical activity, which is largely associated with the set of food ingredients included in the composition, and, first of all, complete protein, vitamins-antioxidants (A, E, C), as well as energy sources, pre- and probiotics, minerals and trace elements, immune defense factors that favorably affect the state of the membranes of erythrocytes, myocytes and hepatocytes and increase not only the body's endurance, but also its metabolic functions, which is confirmed by the data of biochemical and morphological studies., Competing Interests: The authors declare no overt and potential conflict of interest related to the publication of this article., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)

Wilson disease (WD) is a rare hereditary disorder of copper metabolism, based on of the ATP7B gene mutation, resulting in defect of cooper excretion, which leads to accumulation of cooper in tissues and internal organs (especially in the liver and brain). The basic principle of diet therapy for patients with WD is a diet with reduced copper content, adherence to which is accompanied by significant dietary restrictions, so patients with WD, compared to other liver diseases, represent the most difficult contingent for adjustment of diet. The aim : to assess of the effect of diet therapy with modification of the protein component on nutritional status of patients with WD. Material and methods . The study included 33 patients (15 men and 18 women, 31.4±10.2 years old) with WD. All patients had liver damage: non-cirrhotic stages (NCC) - in 12 (36.3%) patients, liver cirrhosis (LC) - in 21 (63.7%) patients. Out of the last, 14 (66.7%) patients had compensated LC, 7 (33.3%) patients had decompensated LC. The average age of the patients. All patients were divided into two groups, comparable by body mass index. For 2 months outpatients of the 1st group (n=17) received a specialized diet with a modification of the protein component, made by incorporating 20 g of dry composite protein mix (containing 50% protein in the form of milk protein concentrate, 4% dietary fiber) into the daily diet. Outpatients of the 2nd group (n=16) received the same diet without modification. All patients were provided anthropometry, including shoulder circumference and triceps skin-fold measurement, and analysis of the body mass composition with bioimpedance analyzer, the index of lean mass was additionally calculated. Clinical and biochemical blood tests were also conducted for all patients. Results and discussion . As a result of the diet therapy, statistically significant (p<0.05) changes were observed in patients of the 1st group who received a diet with a modification of the protein component: an increase in the index of lean mass (by 3.0%) and circumference of the shoulder muscles (by 2.3%), serum total protein and albumin (by 7.9 and 6.1%), an increase in the absolute number of lymphocytes (by 18.8%) and decrease in serum total bilirubin (by 20.2%). A statistically significant decrease in the level of free copper was observed in both groups (by 2.1 and 1.8 fold). Conclusion . The use of a specialized diet with a modification of the protein component, based on the inclusion of a protein composite dry mix in the diet, improves the nutritional status indicators in patients with Wilson disease., Competing Interests: The authors declare no overt and potential conflict of interest related to the publication of this article., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)

The search for new strategies for the prevention and control of osteoporosis is an urgent task. Functional foodstuffs and their components are of particular interest in this regard. The aim was to study the effect of bread enriched with protein, dietary fiber, calcium, iron and iodine on the state of the bone tissue of rats in a model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Material and methods . The experiment was performed on sexually mature female Wistar rats divided into groups: K - control (sham-operated rats, not ovariectomized); О 30 - osteoporosis model (animals were sacrificed 30 days after ovariectomy); groups О 120 and О 120+ - a model of osteoporosis (rats were sacrificed 120 days after ovariectomy). All animals were fed a standard vivary diet. For rats of the О 120+ group, from the 40th to the 120th day, enriched bread was included in the diet in an amount of 6 g per 100 g of body weight per day. The bread was fortified with protein (whey protein, blood plasma proteins from farm animals), dietary fiber, calcium (eggshell), iron (purified hemoglobin) and iodized whey protein. Animals of groups K and О 120 received unfortified bread in the same amount. Blood levels of total calcium (by colorimetric method), gonadotropins, testosterone, and estradiol (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were analyzed. Microtomographic evaluation of the architecture and mineral density of the trabecular part of the femur and lumbar vertebrae was performed. Histomorphological analysis of the uterus and femur of animals was performed. Results and discussion . In animals of the О 120+ group, in comparison with the О 120 sample, there was a decrease in blood testosterone and a marked compensatory release of follicle-stimulating hormone, while no changes were detected in the concentration of estradiol and the state of the uterus atrophied against the background of ovariectomy. There was an increase in the trabecular mineral density of the femur and lumbar vertebrae. The proportion of bone trabeculae in the total volume of the femoral metaphysis (BV/TV) in animals of the О 120+ sample was 12.5±0.66% compared to 10.4±0.52% in the О 120 group. The values of the structural model index (SMI) reflecting the loss of bone strength and the trabecularity coefficient (TbPf) in О 120+ rats (1.44±0.07 and 5.96±0.29 1/mm) were significantly lower than these parameters in the О 120 group (1.74±0.08; 9.13±0.46 1/mm, р<0.05). The micro-architectural structure of the femur in the О 120+ group of rats was close to that of the О 30 sample, which serves as a model of the early stage of osteoporosis (SMI 1.42±0.07; TbPf 5.55±0.28 1/mm). The percentage of bone resorption perimeter and the number of osteoclasts in the О 120+ femoral trabeculae were lower than in the О 120 group. In the О 120+ group, active osteoblasts were observed in a significant part of the resorption cavities. Cell differentiation more was observed in the osteogenic direction than in the adipogenic direction. Conclusion . Bread enriched with protein, fiber, calcium, iron and iodine, effectively weakens osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy in rats. Its inclusion in the diet may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of systemic postmenopausal osteoporosis., Competing Interests: The authors declare no overt and potential conflict of interest related to the publication of this article., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)

Iodine supply remains the global problem due to the wide prevalence and a wide range of clinical manifestations in all age groups of population. However, iodine deficiency is a nutritional deficiency and the solution of this problem lies in the organization of rational nutrition of the population. The purpose of this study was to examine the food features of the population of the mild iodine-deficient region from the standpoint of adequacy of iodine sufficiency. The analysis of nutrition of the population of Tyumen Region in 2005 and 2016 was carried out according to official statistics of Tyumenstat; results of sanitary-hygienic and biomedical monitoring for the period from 1994 to 2016. A sociological study was conducted on a representative nested sample using the questionnaire method. The study involved schoolchildren (n=744) and their parents (n=677), students and full-time students (n=623). Probabilistic was sampling and nesting. Statistical sampling error does not exceed 4%. Analysis of the level of food consumption by residents of the Tyumen region over the period from 2005 to 2016 showed an increase in consumption per capita of fish and fish products (from 23.8 kg in 2005 to 33.1 kg in 2016 at recommended level of 22 kg). At the same time, a sociological study showed that only 1-4% of the population consumed iodine-rich products daily and only 53% of respondents regularly used iodized salt. The analysis of the results of biomedical monitoring over the 20-year period of the existence of preventive programs in the Tyumen region showed significant improvements in the situation in the region: median of ioduria increased significantly from 77 to 125 μg/l and the incidence of goiter in pre-pubertal children decreased from 85% in 1994 to 6.8% in 2016 (р=0,001); the incidence of neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia significantly decreased from 44.3% in 1994 to 3.9% in 2017 (р=0,001). However, most indicators did not reach the target values recommended for iodine-rich region, which indicated the insufficient effectiveness of the existing voluntary prevention system. The solution of this problem is using of iodine-enriched foods of mass consumption, such as bread and bakery products., Competing Interests: The authors declare no overt and potential conflict of interest related to the publication of this article., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)

The purpose was to study the effect of enriched bakery products in the diet of rats on indicators of prooxidant-antioxidant system of blood serum. Experiment was carried out on male Wistar rats with initial weight 140-180 g. After a quarantine during the preparatory period rats for 14 days were accustomed to the partial (50%) replacement of the standard diet by bakery products with standard compound­ing. Then, 7 groups of rats were formed: the 1st group of rats (control group, n=10) continued to receive bakery products of a standard composition; groups with the 2nd on 7th (experimental, n=8 in everyone) received enriched bakery products: the 2nd group - with blueberry powder; the 3rd group - with mountain ash powder; the 4th group - with sea-buckthorn powder; the 5th group - with flour of a pine nut; the 6th group - with rice bran oil; the 7th group - with pumpkin oil. The intensity of free radical oxidation and antioxidant activity (by chemiluminescence method), activity of superoxide dismutase and level of secondary oxidation products reacted with thiobarbituric acid (by spectrophotometry) were monitored in rat blood serum. It has been shown that the use of bakery products with different compounding in the animal diet had different effects on indicators of prooxidant-antioxidant system of blood serum. Bakery products containing sea buckthorn pomace powder, flour of pine nut and rice bran oil reduced intensity of free radical oxidation in rat blood serum by 36.0, 24.6 and 18.8%, respectively. It is suggested that bakery products containing flour of pine nut products brake a free radical oxidation in rat blood serum in case of simultaneous content of natural antioxidants and melanoidins. The anthocyanins of powder from blueberry berries can render antioxidant effect and slow down formation of by-products of oxidation. No statistically significant change on indicators of prooxidant-antioxidant system of blood serum of rats treated with bakery products with rowan powder or pumpkin oil was found, that may be due to animal refusal to eat such products.

Criticism of attempts to enrich foods (mainly dairy products) with vitamins by adding mashed or concentrates of fresh berries and vegetables has been reviewed. Concept "enriched (fortified) product" has been considered. It has been shown that the addition of fruits and vegetables, which are a source of vitamin C, does not increase the content of B vitamins to a level that meets the criteria for fortified foods. The differences in the regulations concerning to the degree of enrichment of foods are discussed. Development of specific educational programs to increase knowledge about vitamins is required not only for the population but also for scientific and medical professionals. Keywords: enriched with vitamins (fortified) product, fresh berries, vegetables.

In the article the features of healthy nutrition in pregnant women suffering from iron deficiency has been discussed. The criteria for diagnosis of anemia during pregnancy, the stage of the disease development, the specifics of iron deficiency during gestation, the need in this trace element in pregnant women have been defined. The necessity of an adequate selection of a balanced diet during pregnancy complicated with anemia has been based. Iron content in food products along with the extent of absorption depending upon the origin of the product have been considered. The compounds that contribute to a better absorption of iron, as well as medicinal substances that prevent its absorption have been presented. Special attention is paid to the questions of preventative measures in preventing anemia in pregnant women. In addition to a balanced diet and iron preparations for treatment and prevention of anemia, the appointment of vitamin-mineral supplements and specialized foods for pregnant enriched with micronutrients has been substantiated.

The results of the research devoted to an assessment of efficiency of application of the enriched bakery products in nutrition of school students have been presented. Composition and technology of the enriched bakery products have been developed. The influence of enrichers on the basis of proteins of whey, plasma of blood, hemoglobin, calcium and iodinated components and food fibers on the nutritive and energy value of bakery products has been defined. The consumption of 100 g of the enriched bakery products provides a significant amount of protein--12.5-23% of the recommended daily intake (RDI), to satisfy daily need of school students in calcium up to 13.4%, in iron--up to 20%, iodine--12.5% and food fibers--17.3%. When comparing blood hemoglobin content in school students after inclusion in a diet of the enriched bakery products, the lack of significant changes of this indicator in children with normal hemoglo- bin content has been determined that is the confirmation of safety of use of the products enriched with hem iron. At the same time, normalization of hemoglobin level in children (9.7%) with the initial threshold and lowered hemoglobin indicators is noted. The reliable increase in the content of hemoglobin in this group of children from 112 ± 3 to 131 ± 6 g/l was established (p ≤ 0.05). Positive dynamics of the content of iodine in urine at school students with initial deficiency of iodine under administration of the bread enriched with iodine has been defined. Ioduria indicators authentically increased from 88 ± 10 to 116 ± 9 mkg/l (p ≤ 0.05). Before diet correction in 53 from 59 children surveyed in the Stavropol region, a mild lack of iodine has been revealed (iodine levels less than 100 mkg/l urine), while after bread intake--only in 7 (11.9%) students.

Effectiveness of Laminaria jam enriched with chromium has been investigated in ambulatory patients with metabolic syndrome. 50 patients ranging in age from 30 to 65 years (mean age 53.4 +/- 7.5) were under observation during 6 months. 30 patients from comparison group were given recommendations on modeling of lifestyle (diet, reduced and controlled dosed physical loading) and they received medical treatment. Main group of patients (20 people) in addition received dietary product--Laminaria jam, enriched with chromium, which daily dose (20 g) contain 280 microg of iodine and 66 microg of chromium. In both groups declines of overweight, improving clinical and laboratory parameters, adaptive organism reserves and quality of life has been registered. Patients from the main group referred good organoleptic properties of dietary product, it was well tolerated by patients without causing unwanted side effects. After 6 months of a dietary correction mean relative body mass reduction in the main group amounted to 5.0% while in the comparison group--3.0%. Positive dynamics of the circumference of the waist in patients accounted for 5.9% in main group and 3.1% in comparison group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased in the main group, an average of 20.5 and 24.2%; in the comparison group--10.5 and 13.3% respectively. The average reduction in LDL-C reached 28.3% in the main group and 18.3% in the comparison group. Triglyceride levels decrease was an average of 18.9% in the studied group, that was significantly higher than in the control group (3.7%). The dynamics of OGTT in main group amounted to 13.1% while in the comparison group--8.6%. Differences between group indices were statistically significant for most of the variables. The inclusion of the dietary product in a range of therapeutic and preventive activities under metabolic syndrome has been shown to improve clinical and metabolic indicators (body mass, arterial pressure, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism parameters) compared with standard therapy.

This review is carried out information in order to assess food dyes, used in the manufacture of food products in Russia. Based on electronic registries, an analysis of the major sources of dyes in food. The author carried out a frequency analysis of various types of dyes. Based on the research, concluded that the relevance of studying the content of carotenoids in the consumer basket of Russia population, as well as create recommendations for the principles of food fortification in the substance. The author identified the most relevant factors control the safe use of food dyes in the study of food.

In the review the analysis of the existing in world practice normative documents that regulate the addition of vitamins and minerals to foods and the substantiation of their level in fortified foodstuffs have been presented. The degree of foodstuffs enrichment with micronutrients (mass or volume of foods containing from 15 to 50 per cent from daily recommended allowance) has been proposed.

The time course of changes in the degree of tuberculous intoxication syndrome (scores), body mass deficiency (body mass index), routine clinical X-ray data on 300 first detected patients with tuberculosis treated at the Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Hospital (n = 160) and the clinic of the I. M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy (n = 140) was assessed to evaluate the efficiency of using a dry protein composite formula in the package of therapeutic measures in inpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis. A study group included 200 patients whose basic diet comprised the dry protein composite formula DISOO Nutrinor. A control group consisted of 100 patients receiving standard antituberculosis treatment and basic diet without using the above formula. In the vast majority of study group patients (n = 152), intoxication symptoms substantially reduced 1.6 months after the start of treatment whereas this occurred noticeably later (following 2.5 months) in the control group (n = 80). Better positive changes in weight gain were found during dietary therapy with the dry protein composite formula in the study group than in the control group. During correction of a dietary protein component, the monthly body weight gain in the study group was 2.2 kg on average greater than that in the control group. The study group patients were also found to have a more significant resolution of infiltrative and focal lung changes on control X-ray studies than the control patients. Also, the study group patients showed a trend for more frequent cessation of bacterial excretion than did the controls. The rate of adverse reactions to chemotherapy was 5% (10 subjects) in the study group and thrice higher than that in the control group (15%, 15 subjects) in the control group. The findings prove the efficiency and urgency of correction of protein-energy deficiency in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, by supplementing the dry protein composite formula to the basic diet.

Metabolic disturbances were corrected using the oral specialized formula Nutrien-phthisio (ZAO "Company Nutritec", Russia) in 53 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and concomitant diseases. In the whole group, tuberculosis was first detected in 21 patients; 32 had a chronic process. Chemotherapy was discontinued in all the patients due to the intolerance phenomena caused by comorbidity (erosive gastritis, gastroduodenal peptic ulcer, hepatitis B and C, chronic pyelonephritis) in 24 patients, by adverse reactions in 19, and by a combination of both factors in 10. The criteria for objectively monitoring the efficiency of nutritional support (in combination with specific treatment) were body mass index, general blood analysis, by taking into account the percentage and absolute count of lymphocytes and the protein metabolism from the serum levels of total protein, albumin, and transferrin. The study determined clinical and laboratory indications for the use of Nutrien-phthisio and the favorable impact of nutritional support on the course of a tuberculous process and concomitant diseases.

The efficiency of nutritional support was studied in patients operated on for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In 36 patients with DCM and signs of circulatory decompensation, preoperative nutritional support with a MD mil Clinipit mixture was carried out in addition to medical treatment. The trophological, laboratory, and functional parameters of the operated patients were assessed on admission to hospital, 14 days after treatment and in the late postoperative period (up to 3 years). Preoperative medical treatment and nutritional support in all the patients during 14 days could achieve circulatory compensation, lean weight gain, improved pool of visceral proteins (prealbumin and albumin), decreased C-reactive protein levels, and increased exercise tolerance. The developed complex protocol provided effective preparation for surgery, rapid activation and recovery of patients with DCM in the postoperative period. In the operated patients with DCM, the three-year actuarial survival rate was 85.6 +/- 7.4% while it was not greater than 12% in the patients receiving medical treatment only. Analysis of long-term results indicated the higher functional activity and improved quality of life in the operated patients.

Influence of different iron compounds at combined vitamin fortification on hygienic and biochemical properties of freshly grounded first-class wheat flour under storage was studied. It proved, that more intensive oxidative and hydrolytic processes take place in the lipid complex of the flour, fortified with ferrous sulfate heptahydrate.

Efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine "Pneumo 23" or its combination with food products prepared from vegetative material for prevention of community-acquired pneumonias has been compared. Advantages of combined method of prophylaxis in setting where pneumonia caused by different pathogens have been noted. Variability in etiology of community-acquired pneumonia was demonstrated by serological tests of patients' blood. During spring-summer season antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were detected in 25.9, 2.5, and 7.0% of the patients respectively. During autumn-winter season antibodies to M. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae were detected in 30.0 and 50.0% of the patients respectively.

The research work was devoted to accumulation of strontium-90 (Sr-90) in bone tissue of animals (white rats) and its dependence on the diet, enriched with Fluorine (F). Totally each rat received 18,5 MBk of strontium-90. Insertion of rusks, fortified with sodium fluoride to the rats dietary intake, reduces accumulation of strontium-90 in bone tissue for 26% comparatively to control group of animals. Stimulation action of fluorine on hematopoietic function of irradiated animals were also determined.

It was investigated the influence of dietary therapy containing sunflower oil with phospholipids (PL) on the lipid profile of plasma and composition of fatty acids of red blood cells in patients with hypertension and obesity. The results show that after the period of three weeks for each diet the unrefined sunflower oil supplemented with PL (30 gr oil containing 10, 8 gr PL) in diet had more influence on lowering of blood pressure (specially on diastolic BP). This diet reduced serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein A 1, apoB and fibrinogen more than the refined sunflower oil diet. This oil presents useful source of polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential PL for diets aimed at prevention of heart disease.

The article considers next items: scientific grounds for preventive and clinical application of vitamins, their recommended dietary intakes, reasons and consequences of their insufficient intake, significance and efficiency of fortificated foods and food supplements for improvement and health.

The treatment method of disbios suffered by patients with syndrome of irritated intestines with constipations was under research. The method was based on introduction of sour-milk beverage with addition of beet pectin in a dietary intake. The comparison product was kefir. The following developments were detected against the positive dynamics of clinical symptoms: improvement of microbiocenosis structure, reduction of potentially pathogenic germs, inhibition of pathogenic properties of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus. Comparison group results showed lower clinical efficiency and poorer effect of dietary treatment on large gut microorganisms, contents of enterotoxigenic S. aureus remained unchanged. Introduction of sour-milk beverage with addition of alimentary fibre in a dietary intake of patients suffering the syndrome of irritated intestines with constipations was found expedient.

Real content of vitamins A, E, B1 and B2 in hen's eggs from different poultry farms and personal farm varies in wide range and differs from the data of national food chemical tables. Elevated nutritive value eggs with maximal vitamin content may be obtained from hens fed diets with optimal vitamin level. Such way fortified one egg contributes 30% of recommended daily intake of vitamin E, about 10% of vitamins A and B2, 3% of vitamin B1. Intensification of egg yolk pigmentation by means of carotenoids additives to hens ration leads to their 10-fold increase comparing with the data of food chemical tables. Coloured egg provides for 5-10% of carotenoids adequate daily intake.

The results of study on substantiating the possibilities of the use of flavolignans of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. with a purpose to create a new fat product--butter fortified by an "Liguid extract Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn." are being discussed. Slowdown of peroxidation process is revealed in fortified butter in comparison with ordinary butter. With the help of spectrometry method higher content of flavolignans was deteeted in fortified butter (converting to silibin--the main component of "Liguid Exstract Silybum marianum (L) Gaertn"), what allows to speak about increase of its potential therapeutic effect.

The article accounts for the results of a study of influence of the drink on the mineral metabolism indices in children-invalids with locomotive disturbances. The clinical observation and biochemical study revealed the efficacy of use of this food supplement to achieve quick improvement of calcium metabolism in children with the above mention disease.

To evaluate the efficiency of iodcasein in prophylaxis of iodine-deficient states in servicemen the following parameters were studied: iodine sufficiency determined by ioduria median; thyroid volume measured on the base of US data; functional state of hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid system evaluated by blood level of thyroid hormone and free thyroxin; physical performance assessed by veloergometric test, auto-and-verbal memory and attention change-over. Iodine deficiency was initially detected in 88.9% (main group) and in 94.4% (control group). Ioduria median corresponded to iodine deficit of middle severity in both groups. After the initial examination the persons from the main group were given iodized bread during 9 months. The monitoring results have confirmed the efficiency of iodine prophylaxis with the use iodcasein.

60 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and secretory insufficiency allied with chelicobacterial infection in combination with chronic unlithic cholecystitis or diskinesia of choledoch ways were explored with a view to study the efficiency of dietary cure including biologically active food supplements--flavonoids source. Fortification of the patients food intake with flavonoids-containing biologically active food supplements benefits mucous membrane of gastroduodenal zone that is evidenced in decrease of activity of pyloric chelicobacteriosis and resolvent and reparative effect, it also contributes to normalization of hepatobiliaric system condition and antioxidant status.

In the comparative aspect studied influence of acceptance a protein milk diets and milk-protein mass "San" on factors calcium exchange beside students-volunteers. Clinical test have shown effect these product using for quick normalizations of calcium exchange.

The results of sterilized milk enriched with beta-carotene usage for nutrition of children under school age in Kursk town is presented. 140 weakened children at the age of 1.5-7 years old attending the children dispensary were tested within the period of 3 years. It was stated that under the influence of beta-carotene in the children allowance acute and chronic diseases including diseases of breathe organs, blood system and the level of respiratory diseases have been reduced. The wide usage of dairy products enriched with beta-carotene in medical-prophylactic nutrition of children under school age is recommended.

The data on the usage of fortified with iron food products for iron deficiency correction are summarized. Efficiency of enrichment with different iron forms (heme, organic and inorganic salts etc.) combining with one or several vitamins and possible undesirable effect of iron excess intake are discussed.

On the basis of clinical supervision came to a conclusion, that the canned food meat of chickens with sea cabbage can be recommended for use in a dietotherapy of children 1.5-3.5 years with deficiency iodine by a condition.

The results of use of a treatment-and-prophylactic product "Solnyshko" in people's food as well as pharmacological preparations containing b-carotene and ascorbic acid were submitted. It was shown that at the use of the specified product and pharmacological preparations there is an authentic improvement of b-carotene and ascorbic acid supply.

It was investigated the influence of a diet containing 60, 30 or 45 g/day soy protein on clinic-metabolic parameters and nitrogen balance status in type 2 diabetic patients. As source of soy protein was used combined products containing soy protein (Aarhus Olie, Denmark)--oatmeal and buckwheat porridges, biscuits, soy beverage and concentrate of soy protein (Danpro-S). The results of investigations indicated that increase in diet the quality of soy protein up 60 g accompanied reduce of basal levels of glycemia and triglyceridemia. In including in diet 30 g soy protein was noted reduce the content of total cholesterol in blood serum and stabilization of the hypoglycemic effect of diet. Balance study indicated that the protein providing in all levels of substitution of the traditional source of protein in products containing soy protein was adequate.

In this review information of Spirulina platensis (SP), a blue-green alga (photosynthesizing cyanobacterium) having diverse biological activity is presented. Due to high content of highly valuable proteins, indispensable amino acids, vitamins, beta-carotene and other pigments, mineral substances, indispensable fatty acids and polysaccharides, PS has been found suitable for use as bioactive additive. SP produces an immunostimulating effect by enhancing the resistance of humans, mammals, chickens and fish to infections, the capacity of influencing hemopoiesis, stimulating the production of antibodies and cytokines. Under the influence of SP macrophages, T and B cells are activated. SP sulfolipids have proved to be effective against HIV. Preparations obtained from SP biomass have also been found active against herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, influenza virus, etc. SP extracts are capable in inhibiting cancerogenesis. SP preparations are regarded as functional products contributing to the preservation of the resident intestinal microflora, especially lactic acid bacilli and bifidobacteria, and to a decrease in the level of Candida albicans. The biological activity of SP with respect to microorganisms holds good promise for using these microalgae as components of culture media.

Biologically active additives in the Multi-Green and Licorice foods were studied for effects on digestive function upon 100-day experimental intoxication with lead and chromium in a dose of 5 mg/kg. The metals were found to produce local irritating and inflammatory effects on the intestinal mucosa and a resorptive toxic effects on pancreatocytic function. Multi-Green and Licorice diminished the manifestations of adverse effects of lead and chromium on the functional status of digestive organs.

Epidemiological surveys for iodine deficiency (ID) were made in 30 regions of Russia in 1992 to 1999. A total of 40,999 individuals aged 7 to 17 years were examined. The advent of new assessments of the thyroid and new indicators of iodine deficiency has changed approaches to epidemiological surveys. The WHO standards for estimating the prevalence and severity of ID have been introduced into Russian practice. In Central Russia, the lowest (median 30-58 micrograms/l) iodine concentrations were found in rural dwellers; in more urbanized areas (cities, towns) the median was 50-78 micrograms/l. ID was more pronounced in the regions of East Russia where it was predominantly moderate (median 30-52 micrograms/l). In some areas, ID was severe (median 16-20 micrograms/l). As the severity of ID increases, the incidence of such conditions, as goiter, hypothyroidism, endemic cretinism is on the rise. Mild to moderate goiter endemia prevailed in Central Russia. The manifestations of goiter endemia were more pronounced in rural children (18-30%) than in urban ones (8-14%). East Russia was marked by moderate to severe goiter endemia (8-14%): the incidence of goiter ranged from 17 to 40%. There were only sporadic cases of goiter in some areas of the Sakhalin Region. In the Moscow and Voronezh Regions and the Republic of Kalmykia there were areas showing a high goiter incidence which did not correspond to the level of ID. An epidemiological analysis has indicated that dietary and water iodine intake is decreased in most regions of Russia. The actual dietary iodine intake was 40-80 micrograms/day, i.e. 2-3 times of the recommended allowance (150 micrograms). The Endocrinology Research Center has tested different models of preventive and therapeutical measures for eliminating iodine deficiency-caused diseases by using iodinated foodstuffs (salt, bread, butter) ad iodine medicaments.

The comparative study of influence of two biologically active food additives with the different contents of vitamins is carried out: a drink "Zolotoi Shar", the dose of vitamins in which makes 50-90% from recommended daily consumption, and "Vitabalance 2000", the contents of vitamins in which at 2-17 of time exceeds need of organism. The use of both additives within 3 weeks resulted in increase of levels of vitamins C, A, E, B2, B6 and carotenoids in blood serum. However if in case of consumption of a drink an authentic level was reached only for vitamin C and beta-carotene, in a case "Vitabalance 2000" for all investigated vitamins except vitamin A. Thus, if the consumption of a drink has lowered frequency of deficiency of 3-4 vitamins, but has not allowed to liquidate it completely, in case of "Vitabalance 2000" consumption the simultaneous deficiency 3-4 vitamins. The received data allow to believe the biologically active food additives containing vitamins in amounts exceeding recommended consumption, are convenient for fast liquidation of hypovitaminoses, and the preparations containing vitamins in doses making 30-50% from need of organism, are acceptable for daily filling of insufficient consumption of vitamins with a usual diet for a long time.

The using of the low calorie soft drink "Forest gift" based on plant raw and enriched with vitamin C and iodine by patients with diabetes mellitus has resulted in the improvement of carbohydrates metabolism, provision of iodine and vitamin C and oxidant status of organism. Obtained data has promised to recommend this product for using in patient's ration.

Model of alimentary iron deficiency anemia (AIDA) in rats has been created by the use of iron elimination from all diet components as much as possible. It was established that the time of AIDA development depended on iron content in diet. The model can be used for estimation of efficiency of new food products and food supplements enriched with iron.

Rat's intestinal barrier permeability disturbed in consequence of intestinal anaphylaxis reaction was almost completely normalized in animals fed with baker's yeast autolysate "Vitasil" enriched with selenium on a level of 3 mg Se/day during 29 days. These rats showed in comparison to Se-unsupplemented animals a significant elevation of Se level in red blood cells and plasma together with a decrease of intestinal mucosal TCA-soluble thiol compounds. Urinary Se excretion was significantly elevated in comparison to unsensitized rats both in Se-supplemented and unsupplemented animals with anaphylaxis. It's concluded that "Se-Vitasil" may be successfully used in antioxidative therapy of food allergy, malabsorption, inflammatory bowel diseases and intestinal infection.

Influence of bioactive additions from natural vegetable raw materials--silybum marianum--in the content of bread products on health and metabolism was studied. It is shown bread products with silybum marianum to be effective medicine with general restorative influence, increasing internal protection resources, capacity for work and vital activity.

Authors had received and investigated on experiment milk medical and prophylactic products (milk and kefir) with addition peptide, obtained from nervous tissue of squids. It has been established that addition of gangliin to the milk and kefir causes stimulation cellular and humoral factors of immunity answer at laboratory animals. Medical and prophylactic milk products with gangliin return to the normal state reduced immunity indexes of the mice with experimental immunodeficits.

Adult albino rats were fed with standard ration with 15% soybean products addition during four months. The "soy-milk", after the short-term boiling, and "soy-milk-UHF", after the ultra-high frequency influence, were investigated. The reproductive system of female rats were studied. It was found that soybean products included into the diet changed the sexual cycle, increased the postimplantation embryonic mortality, decreased the posterity body weight during the first 14 days of life. The results of the investigations conducted have shown that ultra-high frequency influence on soybean product reduces it's reproductive system effects.