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It is considered, that one of the main directions of treatment of adenovirus conjunctivitis is the appointment of interferon alpha-2b in combination with diphenhydramine, which until recently was provided by the only original drug. In 2020, the first generic drug, Interferon-Oftalmo, would be registered in Russia.The purpose: to evaluate and compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of treatment of patients with keratopathy against the background of adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis with Interferon-Oftalmo and Oftalmoferon.Material and methods. The comparative analysis included completed cases of treatment of 51 patients (102 eyes) aged 18–75 years with clinical signs of keratopathy against the background of epidemic adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. Patients of the first group (n = 27, 54 eyes) on the background of tear replacement therapy received eight instillations of the drug Interferon-Ophthalmo, the second (n = 24, 48 eyes) received Oftalmoferon. The observation period was 15 days. Treatment efficacy was assessed based on a quantitative analysis of the dynamics of clinical symptoms of inflammation and the state of the cornea, the severity of subjective manifestations of ocular surface xerosis using the ocular surface damage index (OSDI), as well as the stability of the tear film. Safety and tolerability were also evaluated.Results. Against the background of complex therapy, which included the instillation of Interferon-Ophthalmo or Oftalmoferon, all patients showed comparable dynamics in the relief of the inflammatory process and keratopathy. This was expressed in a statistically significant decrease in the severity of foreign body sensation, lacrimation, itching, eyelid edema, conjunctival edema and hyperemia, follicular reaction, conjunctival hemorrhages, punctate keratopathy, subepithelial infiltrates in the cornea. In both groups, there was a steady downward trend in OSDI against the background of an increase in the stability of the tear film and an increase in maximally corrected visual acuity. The safety and tolerability profile of the drugs was assessed as comparably favorable.Conclusion. The inclusion of the drug Interferon-Oftalmo in the complex therapy of adenoviral epidemic keratoconjunctivitis allows us to expect a comparable effect on the course of the disease compared to the original drug Oftalmoferon.

Antipsychotics are widely used in psychiatric practice for treating schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other diseases, including those treated off-label. They manifest many adverse effects, including ophthalmic ones. Some of these effects, such as persistent mydriasis, cycloplegia, extraocular muscle dystonia, and visual hypersensitivity attacks are reversible, since they disappear after dose reduction or drug withdrawal. Yet other side effects, such as cataracts, corneal edema, acute angle closure glaucoma and retinopathy are threatening for sight and may lead to permanent visual acuity decline and even blindness. The review provides data on the incidence of ocular side effects (both typical and atypical) of multiple antipsychotics, their clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and treatment. Eye examination is recommended for patients taking antipsychotics in the early periods of treatment and then twice a year. The psychiatrists need to know about the adverse effects of individual drugs whilst the ophthalmologists should be aware of their semiotics, pathogenesis and treatment, since timely diagnosis and treatment of pathological changes, together with antipsychotic therapy modification, prevent the development of severe and irreversible visual impairment in the majority of cases.

Purpose. To evaluate the efficiency of the complex treatment of Descemet’s membrane detachment.Material and methods. In case of failure of therapeutic methods of treatment of induced keratopathy, a 65-year patient underwent an optical coherence tomography of the anterior segment, and a total detachment of the Descemet’s membrane was detected. The injection of sterile air was performed into the anterior chamber of the patient and the transepithelial puncture of the cornea was carried out in order to drain the fluid located between the Descemet’s membrane and the posterior surface of the corneal stroma.Results. The patient underwent pneumopexy of the Descemet’s membrane with transepithelial puncture of the cornea in order to drain the fluid located between the Descemet’s membrane and the posterior surface of the corneal stroma associated with the standard keratoplastic and anti-inflammatory therapy. The postoperative period was without complications. During the examination a week later, a complete absence of subjective symptoms (pain, lacrimation, foreign body sensation, photophobia) was revealed, objectively the edema of all corneal layers was significantly reduced. The visual acuity of the operated eye increased from 0.05 n/c to 1.0.Conclusion. In case of total detachment of the Descemet’s membrane the application of thee sterile air injection into the anterior chamber with the transepithelial puncture of the cornea in order to drain the fluid between the Descemet’s membrane and the posterior surface of the corneal stroma, leads to its complete attachment, an arrest of the corneal syndrome and an improvement of visual acuity.

Purpose. An evaluation of the efficiency of corneal collagen crosslinking in combination with phototherapeutic keratostromectomy in the treatment of a patient with i nduced corneal dystrophy.Materials and methods. In case of a failure of therapeutic methods in the treatment of induced keratopathy, for a 25-year-old patient who was cross-linked using the UFALINK device and phototherapeutic keratostromectomy using the NIDEK 5000 excimer laser at 3 stages of the disease, 5 years after the start of the standard therapy.Results. Cross-linking was carried out as the first stage for the patient; then after 1 month the phototherapeutic keratostromectomy was performed. The postoperative period was without complication. The examination a week later showed that, there was a complete absence of subjective symptoms (pain, tearing, foreign body sensation, photophobia), and the edema of all layers of the cornea was significantly reduced. The visual acuity of the oper ated eye increased from 0.02 to 0.2.Conclusion. The use of corneal collagen cross-linking in combination with phototherapeutic keratostromectomy in the treatment of patients with induced corneal dystrophy leads to a reduction of corneal syndrome and an increase in visual acuity.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disease, which makes it a priority among health and social problems. Ocular manifestations in diabetes often lead to patient disability. This review presents an analysis of morphological, experimental and clinical studies of the cornea in patients with diabetes mellitus, including original research, reviews and monographs of Russian and foreign authors from recent years. In addition, modern methods of corneal disease diagnosis are reviewed. Clinical and morphological changes in the diabetic cornea are discussed and early diabetic changes in all structural layers are indicated. The importance of changes to nerve fibres in diabetes is discussed and the correlation between the density of nerve fibres in the cornea and the density of epidermal nerve fibres is shown.

The main goal in the treatment of lagophthalmos is prevention of serious corneal complications. Based on the results of 2453 surgeries performed in patients with lagophthalmos, a detailed analysis of modern surgical techniques was carried out highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The article describes in detail the most effective methods of static correction of lagophthalmos, their features and indications, and presents the results of using an original palpebral weight implant.

Clinical manifestations of the new coronavirus infection can vary greatly and affect different organs and systems. Despite the lack of convincing data on the possible direct damage to the structures of the eyeball by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, indirect involvement of the organ of vision both in the acute period of the disease, during the period of convalescence, and as a part of the post-COVID syndrome is common in clinical practice. The condition of the ocular surface is not given much attention during the treatment of the main disease, especially in severe cases, which can lead to serious complications and visual acuity loss after recovery. Timely measures can prevent the loss of visual acuity. This article presents a description and discusses a rare case of multiple neuropathy of the cranial nerves associated with COVID-19, with bilateral involvement of the olfactory (I), trigeminal (V), facial (VII) and sublingual (XII) nerves, as well as the right optic nerve (II), which required staged rehabilitation.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of tarsorrhaphy and its effectiveness in the treatment of patients with thyroid eye disease (TED)., Material and Methods: The study identified the patients who required tarsorrhaphy for corneal lesions associated with TED among the total number of 457 patients who underwent tarsorrhaphy at the Research Institute of Eye Diseases over the past 20 years., Results: Overall, 477 tarsorrhaphy surgeries (457 patients) were performed, including temporary and permanent, partial and complete. The corneal involvement in TED was the indication for tarsorrhaphy in 81 patients (101 tarsorrhaphies). TED patients were divided depending on the date of operation, and it was found that 61 tarsorrhaphies were performed in the period from 2000 to 2009, and 40 similar interventions were performed in the period from 2010 to 2019., Conclusion: The reduction in the number of tarsorrhaphy surgeries in patients with TED in the last decade due to improvement of techniques for bony decompression of the orbit and increase in the number of these operations allowed significant reduction of the degree of proptosis and, as a consequence, the exposure surface area of the eye. However, despite all the successes achieved in orbital surgery, tarsorrhaphy still remains an affordable technique that can always be used in case of corneal lesions in thyroid eye disease.

Floppy eyelid syndrome is rarely diagnosed nowadays. Most patients remain without the correct diagnosis for a long time, which means they do not receive adequate treatment. This syndrome is known to be accompanied by many concomitant clinical manifestations complicating the diagnostic search. It should be included in the diagnostic search algorithm in patients with chronic conjunctivitis, abnormal eyelid position, point keratopathy. This review presents the modern understanding of characteristic clinical features, associated conditions, as well as information about the pathogenesis of this syndrome.