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Introduction. The search for and development of new drugs capable of reducing the severity of neurological deficit in traumatic brain injury are a critical task for investigational pharmacology. Chromone-containing allylmorpholines are a new group of neuroprotective drug candidates that have been shown to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, and block N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in vitro.Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective activity of the allylmorpholine derivative (E)-4-[3-(8-bromo-6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-chromen- 3-yl)-1-cyclohexylallyl]morpholin-4-ium chloride (33b) in vivo using a rat model of traumatic brain injury.Materials and methods. Traumatic brain injury was induced using the controlled cortical impact model. The allylmorpholine derivative was administered intraperitoneally at 1, 10, or 50 mg × kg-1 b.w. at 1 h after trauma induction, and then daily for the next 6 d. The neurological deficit was assessed using the Limb Placing, Open Field, Elevated Plus Maze, Beam Walking, and Cylinder tests.Results and discussion. At all doses administered, the allylmorpholine derivative had no positive effect on the motor function or exploratory behavior following traumatic brain injury. In the Elevated Plus Maze, 10 mg × kg-1 b.w. of the compound further suppressed exploratory behaviour in the injured animals, which appears to be consistent with its sedative properties observed previously in zebrafish.Conclusion. Despite the previously described in vitro affinity of allylmorpholines towards several molecular targets crucial for the pathogenesis of brain trauma and posttraumatic functional recovery, an allylmorpholine derivative had no neuroprotective effect in a rat model of traumatic brain injury in this study. These results further emphasize the importance of in vivo evaluation of potential neuroprotective drug candidates.

Nervous system damage affects more than a billion people worldwide and is one of the leading causes of cognitive impairment. An urgent issue in modern medicine is the neurorehabilitation of this particular group of patients. The purpose of this article is to search for new approaches to achieve more effective recovery of cognitive functions, precisely by using virtual reality technology as a promising direction in neurorehabilitation. It has been shown that neurobiological effects of virtual reality have a positive effect on the plasticity of neurons, improve cognitive functions and positively affect the psychoemotional state. A case of the positive impact of being in the virtual environment «Outer Space» in a female patient with cognitive impairment and chronic pain is presented.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of remote rehabilitation for non-exacerbating patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)., Material and Methods: A total of 17 patients, including 12 (70.6%) women and 5 (29.4%) men, with the established diagnosis of MS according to the 2017 McDonald criteria were enrolled in the study. The age varied from 26 to 70 years, the median age was 47 [34; 53] years. Patients with mild or moderate atactic disorders, mildly or moderately manifested central paresis with gait function and fine motor skills impairment were included in the group, median EDSS in which was 4 [3; 5.5]. The patients underwent a course of remote neurorehabilitation on the «NeyroDom» website according to individualised training programmes. All patients underwent in-person examination before and after the course of rehabilitation using EDSS scoring, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), the 25 foot walking test (25-FWT), the 9-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The control over adherence to the technique of exercising and due amount of training was maintained via remote monitoring of the website and telemedical consultations one time per week. The average rehabilitation course duration was 28 days., Results: After the course of remote rehabilitation, the statistically significant improvement in all main indices of BBS, DGI, 9HPT and 25FWT functional scales were noted, which indicates the improvement in gait, balance and fine motor skills functions., Conclusion: The positive influence of remote rehabilitation for patients with MS has been proved.

In recent years, brain-computer interfaces have been widely used in neurorehabilitation, and an extensive database of results from clinical studies conducted around the world has been accumulated, demonstrating their effectiveness in restoring motor function after a stroke. Currently, their use in post-stroke cognitive impairment is expanding. This article discusses the potential and prospects for using brain-computer interfaces for the treatment of cognitive disorders, reviews the experience of using it, presents the results of clinical studies in stroke patients, evaluates the possibilities of using this technology, describes the prospects, new directions of work on studying its effects.

Loss of functional activity after a stroke is a leading cause of disability in adults worldwide. Particular attention is currently being paid to post-stroke cognitive impairment. Approaches based on multimodal exposure are increasingly being used when planning rehabilitation programs, which makes it possible to comprehensively cover the entire spectrum of existing neurological disorders in patients and enables to achieve a more effective recovery of functional activity after a stroke.

Rehabilitation of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) is a topical medical and social issue because this pathology is one of the main causes of mortality and disability in the young working age population [1]. The most common sTBI consequences include motor and cognitive impairment as well as depression of consciousness [2, 3]. Despite significant progress in treatment of the consequences of severe traumatic brain injury, there are no treatment and rehabilitation standards for these patients, and the used rehabilitation measures are not always effective. These circumstances substantiate the need for the development of additional methods of neurotherapy. Over the past decade, transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been increasingly used as neuromodulatory treatment in clinical practice [4-12]. The accumulated experience has shown that transcranial neurostimulation methods require a more individualized approach in terms of both careful selection of patients and choice of exposure parameters. This review is based on an analysis of the most significant publications and recommendations recognized in the scientific community, as well as on reports of domestic and foreign authors presented at dedicated congresses in comparison with experience of our own research on transcranial stimulation. The paper discusses the main problems of using this method in medical practice of sTMI and their possible solutions.

This article is devoted to the basic principles of organization and carrying out the rehabilitation of patients with severe neurological diseases. Theoretical and practical aspects and prerequisites of effective rehabilitation are considered. An analysis of neurological dysfunctions due to focal brain's damages is important for the general organization of rehabilitation and for carrying out different methods of rehabilitation. Characteristics of multidisciplinary management of patients with severe neurological diseases are considered. Advantages and risks of early rehabilitation, and characteristics of passive verticalization are discussed.

The article discusses the effect of a course of treatment with the use of multimodal complex exoskeleton (MCE) "Regent" on the reorganization of cortical locomotor zones in 14 patients with post-stroke hemiparesis, mainly atthe chronic stage of the disease. Before the course of treatment, we identified specific areas of activation in the primary sensorimotor and supplementary motor areas and the inferior parietal lobules in both affected and healthy hemispheres by means of functional MRI (fMRI) with the use of special passive sensorimotor paradigms. After the course of treatment with MCE, we observed an improvement of temporal characteristics of walking; it was accompanied by a decrease in the activation zones of inferior parietal lobules, especially in the healthy hemisphere, and by a significant increase in the activation zone of primary sensorimotor and supplementary motor areas. The analysis of the functional connectivity of studied zones before and after the course of treatment with MCE showed significant changes in intra- and interhemispheric interactions.

Technology brain-computer interface (BCI) based on the registration and interpretation of EEG has recently become one of the most popular developments in neuroscience and psychophysiology. This is due not only to the intended future use of these technologies in many areas of practical human activity, but also to the fact that IMC--is a completely new paradigm in psychophysiology, allowing test hypotheses about the possibilities of the human brain to the development of skills of interaction with the outside world without the mediation of the motor system, i.e. only with the help of voluntary modulation of EEG generators. This paper examines the theoretical and experimental basis, the current state and prospects of development of training, communicational and assisting complexes based on BCI to control them without muscular effort on the basis of mental commands detected in the EEG of patients with severely impaired speech and motor system.