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Introduction. At the present time, a state and a social request for the guidance of gifted children and teenagers, seen as comprising the primary intellectual potential of a developing society, is being articulated. As a general rule, giftedness is an adjunct to nervousness, extreme sensitivity, internal contradiction and low resistance to stress. These mental disorders may prevent a young person from forming of the proper picture of the world and developing capabilities of forming confidential and harmonious relationships. In this regard, it is necessary to identify appropriate approaches and means for ameliorating the maladaptive behaviour of gifted pupils.The aim of the research was to find out to what extent the personal locus of control determines aggressive and destructive behaviour on the part of intelligently gifted teenagers. Methodology and research methods. The research was performed on the basis of systematic and person-oriented approaches to studying the individual characteristics of students. The types of locus of personal control were determined using J. Rotter’s methodology as adapted by E. F. Vazhin, S. A. Golynkina and A. M. Etkind. As diagnostic tools, E. P. Ilyin and P. A. Kovalyov’s measurement procedure and the Buss-Durkee questionnaire were used to estimate the level of personal aggression and proneness to conflict. Results were subjected to comparative and statistical analysis using the U-Kruskal – Wallis test allowing the authors to establish the average indicator values of various pupil categories participated in the research. Results and scientific novelty. To identify intelligently gifted teenagers, the authors applied a comprehensive programme, which included the methods of psycho-diagnostics, expert estimates of teachers and parents, observation and conversations. Consequently, respondents were divided into four differentiated groups: intelligently gifted externalisers, intelligently gifted internalisers, mediumintelligence externalisers, and medium-intelligence internalisers. In the course of diagnostics, it was established that domination of the external or internal locus of control causes the specifics of aggressive behaviour among intelligently gifted teenagers and their peers having an average level of intellectual development. Statistically significant differences in indicators such as physical aggression, irascibility, irritability and irritation were revealed. An internal locus of control in a gifted person reduces physical aggression and irritability. Gifted externalisers are more inclined to use physical force in conflicts. This group is also characterized by a lack of emotional self-control, irascibility, fieriness of temper, instability, intolerance, oppositional moods and remonstrative behaviour – from passive resistance to active fighting against norms and laws which they believe to be inappropriate for them.The authors concluded that intellectually gifted teenagers with an external locus of control are in the category of teenagers-at-risk in social and psychological adaptation; therefore, they require more attention and psychological assistance. The organization of psychological and pedagogical guidance to pupils will help minimize conflicts between participants (school students and teachers) in the educational process.Practical significance. The research results can be used as informative and reflexive material by educational psychologists and teachers working with intelligently gifted children and teenagers.

The author considers thatthe emergence of the phenomenon of phantom organizations in the Central Chernozemregion was connected with the aggravation of the conflict between the government and the society in the period of the 1920-1930s in the USSR, when the political power eliminated the active and passive resistance ofthe public. Simultaneously, in order to make repression legal, the law enforcement authorities falsifi ed the presence of non-governmental organizations, relating some of their suspectsto them. Thejudicial or extra-judicial authorities with the same powers on the basis of such fraud passed sentences in which pseudo-participation in phantom organizations was seen as a real fault and the basis for conviction. Thus, phantom organizations became a fact of real life.The author has found out that the phantom-governmental organizations were established by the Central Office of the NKVD and simultaneously functioned in the territory of several regions of the country. Such centralization simultaneously solved several problems - the scale of the chimeric affairs gave them more credence than local ideas; inexperienced local investigators got the necessary practice of fabrication of criminal cases in collective work under the direction of the centre; the central governance of the law enforcement authorities got additional tool of control over the activities of regional offices.

В возведенных в конце 80-х – начале 90-х гг. ΧΧ ст. и эксплуатируемых в настоящее время четырех дымовых железобетонных трубах тепловых электростанций обнаружено практически полное отсутствие осадок, что не учитывается современными нормативными документами. Фундаменты данных труб разработаны в это же время, защищены патентами России и Беларуси и представляют собой кольцевые основания из погруженных вплотную друг к другу железобетонных свай, образующих своеобразную «стену в грунте» и объединенных монолитным железобетонным ростверком. Ростверк является прямым продолжением стен стволов труб. Одна из этих труб возведена в России, а три – в Беларуси. Поскольку и грунтовые условия, и нагрузки резко отличаются друг от друга, можно говорить о закономерности наблюдаемого явления. Несмотря на то что кольцевые фундаменты значительно снижают расход бетона и стали, уменьшают время строительства и объем трудозатрат, они не получили должного внимания у научной общественности и проектировщиков. В статье на конкретных примерах возведенных труб показана возможность применения расчетов, в которых эффективно используется пассивный отпор грунта. И расчеты, и конструкции существующих фундаментов позволяют оценить вероятность предлагаемой методики для аналогичных фундаментов, замкнутых в плане, не только для промышленных зданий и сооружений.

The roots of nonviolent direct action and the development into a powerful method of persuasion and coercion will be explored in an attempt to explain its distinctive role in the Civil Rights Movement. The paper will focus on the participation of the three actions, the political, the legal and the passive, in the victorious moments of the Movement.