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44 results on '"pectins"'

1. Beet pulp of sugar production and prospects for its use

Author

Slavyansky A. A., Mitroshina D. P., Gribkova V. A., Ermolaev V. A., and Bondarchuk O. N.

Subjects
sugar industry, beet pulp, by-products, ecology, pectins, sugar syrup, сахарная промышленность, свекловичный жом, побочные продукты, экология, пектиновые вещества, сахарный сироп, General Works
Abstract

Due to the latest scientific achievements new opportunities have appeared for deeper processing of not only raw materials, but also by-products of the country's agro-industrial complex. Beet sugar production is a source of a number of by-products such as beet pulp, molasses and filter cake. Domestic sugar production refers to material-intensive industries, since the volume of vegetable raw materials, as well as by-products formed in the technological process, is several times higher than the yield of finished products – white sugar. Insufficient attention to the problems of more complete processing of by-products of sugar beet production may be the cause of environmental degradation. Currently, not only the regulatory documentation regulating the quality indicators of raw materials used and finished products of the industry has been updated, but also the definition of by-products of sugar production, formed in the production of white sugar, has been clarified. In particular, by-products of the sugar beet industry can be used to extract useful components from them, suitable for the production of new food products with increased nutritional value. The main attention in the paper is paid to promising areas for the use of beet pulp for the production of new types of food products. A method has been developed for the production of sugar syrup enriched with pectin extract of beet pulp. The addition of beet pulp pectin extract to the syrup not only increases the nutritional value, but also improves its technological properties while expanding the range of new types of food products and their properties.

Published
2023
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2. ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ АЗОМЕТИНОВЫХ ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ ПОЛИАЛЬДЕГИДПЕКТИНА С ГУАНИДИНОМ

Author

АХМЕДОВ, О. Р., ШОМУРОТОВ, Ш. А., АБДУРАХМАНОВ, Ж. А., ХАБИБУЛЛАЕВ, Ж. А., and ТУРАЕВ, А. С.

Subjects
*CHEMICAL amplification, *CHEMICAL reduction, *CHEMICAL synthesis, *CHEMICAL reactions, *NUCLEOPHILIC substitution reactions, *PECTINS, *GUANIDINE derivatives
Abstract

Background. The development of methods for the synthesis and study of polymeric derivatives of guanidine are priority areas in the chemistry of macromolecular compounds. Polymer compounds containing guanidine groups have unique pharmacological properties. Due to the structural features and reactivity, guanidine undergoes modification, which allows it to be fixed into polysaccharide macromolecules. Purpose. Synthesis and determination of the features of the chemical reduction of azomethine bonds of guanidium-containing pectin derivatives. Methodology. Chemical modification of guanidine with polyaldehyde pectin was carried out. The synthesized compounds were studied by IR spectroscopy, elemental, functional titrimetric analysis. The conditions for the chemical transformation of azomethine bonds of guanidine-containing pectin derivatives into amine bonds have been studied. Originality. The optimal reaction conditions for the chemical reduction of azomethine bonds of guanidine-containing pectin derivatives have been synthesized and found. Findings. Azomethine derivatives have been synthesized based on the reaction of nucleophilic substitution of reactive aldehyde groups of oxidized pectin with guanidine. The conditions for the chemical transformation of azomethine bonds of guanidine-containing pectin derivatives into strong amine bonds by chemical reduction are found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022

3. MODERN RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF OBTAINING FOOD INGREDIENTS FROM SECONDARY APPLE PROCESSING RESOURCES

Author

T. A. Shakhrai, E. P. Victorova, E. V. Velikanova, and N. N. Kornen

Subjects
secondary resources, apple pomace, antioxidants, phenolic compounds, pectins, edible organic acids, Technology
Abstract

Secondary apple processing resources – apple pomace formed during the production of direct-squeezed juice, serve as a valuable source of a complex of antioxidants such as phenolic compounds, contain dietary fiber, including pectin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, B vitamins, macro and trace elements. The article overviews modern research in the field of obtaining food ingredients from the secondary resources of apple processing.So, apple pomace has been studied by many researchers as a promising source of biologically active phenolic compounds, which are used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries due to their high antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Apple pomace is used as raw material for pectins due to the widespread use of pectin in the food industry (production of marshmallows, marmalade, confiture, jams, sausages, juices, yogurts, bakery products and other products), medicine and pharmaceuticals (production of baby granules, suspensions, gels, for imparting viscosity to emulsions, binding of heavy metal ions, healing of wounds, development of nutrient media), the cosmetics industry (production of certain types of face masks and gels).As a result of bioconversion of apple pomace, a number of edible organic acids of the L form can be obtained: acetic, citric and lactic acids. A review of modern foreign studies in the field of obtaining food ingredients from apple pomace showed the promise of their use as a valuable raw material, as well as the relevance and need for the development of domestic highly effective innovative technologies for the production of phenolic compounds, pectin and food organic acids to solve the problems of import substitution.

Published
2020
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4. SURFACE-ACTIVE PROPERTIES OF THE DISTILLERS GRAINS AND THE PECTINS ISOLATED FROM THEM

Author

N. S. Kaisheva and A. S. Kaishev

Subjects
distillers grains, pectins, surface- active properties, superficial tension, superficial activity, superficial excess, critical concentration, micelle formations, adsorption layer., Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Distillers grains are a huge secondary raw material resource, prospective for different fields, including pharmaceutical use, because of a rich content of biologically active compounds. The purpose of this paper was to estimate possibilities of the pharmaceutical use of distillers grains as the additive agent by means of surface-active properties of distillers grains study as well as pectins, isolated from them. We have established the surface-active properties of the liquid phase of the distillers wheat grains by means of higher pressure of air bubbles with the use of Rehbinder’s apparatus. It contained 6.67 mol/m3 pectins, and pectins isolated from a solid phase of the same distillers grains: surface activity 11.67 and 7.54, saturated surface excess amounted to 1.28×10-5 and 6.25×10-5 mol/m2, critical concentration of micelle formation amounted to 1.32 mol/m3 and 1.48 mol/m3 respectively. Surface-active characteristics of distillers grains and isolated pectins are comparable with well-known natural polysaccharides (sodium alginate, polygalacturonic acid, beet bin pectin), which are used as additive agents in technology of medicinal plants. We have determined the sizes of pectins molecules from distillers grains in the unsaturated adsorption layers, which differed from the well-known polysaccharides by lesser square (2.658 Å2), radius (0.920 Å), diameter of cross-section (1.840 Å) and the volume (2727 Å3) at the bigger mass per surface unit (1.031×10-4 кг) and a length (1026 Å). The data obtained by the sizes of pectin molecules are the favorable factor, which conduced their high biological availability.

Published
2016
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5. EXPERIENCE IN TOPICAL TREATMENT OF AN EXTENSIVE TRAUMATIC WOUND WITH SOLUTIONS CONTAINING PECTINS OR AG NANOPARTICLES (CASE REPORT)

Author

E. B. Lazareva, M. V. Shakhlamov, E. D. Menshikova, and I. N. Ponomarev

Subjects
traumatic wound, pectins, silver nanoparticle, autoskin grafting, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

ABSTRACT. An extensive traumatic wound in the patient who suffered in a road traffic accident was treated with water solutions containing pectins or silver nanoparticles. An accelerated wound clearance of purulent discharge was observed. Wound flora was represented by few germ cultures, mainly Acinetobacter spp.; many samples were free from germs. The wound was prepared for autoskin grafting that was successfully performed. The skin graft adherence and survival were uncomplicated. The patient was discharged home in a relatively satisfactory condition.

Published
2016

6. SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYSACCHARIDES OF GROSSULARIA RECLINATA (L) MILL. BERRIES

Author

T. G. Kabirova, S. L. Adzhiakhmetova, L. P. Mykots, and E. T. Oganesyan

Subjects
grossularia reclinata, water-soluble polysaccharides (wsps), pectins, average molecular weight, huggins constant, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

During this study we have determined some physical and chemical characteristics of polysaccharides which are: molecular weight, Huggins constant, swelling index. The results showed that the average molecular weight of the objects under study lies from 5246 to 10071. All WSPS had swelling degree raised with the increase of molar mass while the Huggins constant decreased. The minimum value of Huggins constant were noted in berries of Grossularia reclinata which gives evidence of a good interaction of object with water which is coincide with swelling degree.

Published
2015
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7. БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫЕ ВЕЩЕСТВА НЕКОТОРЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ СЕМЕЙСТВА ASTERACEA

Author

Tat'yana Mikhaylovna Shaldaeva, Tat'yana Abdulkhailovna Kukushkina, Yuliya Anatol'yevna Pshenichkina, and Elena Petrovna Khramova

Subjects
anti-radical activity, Organic Chemistry, carotenoids, antioxidant activity, флавоноиды, Plant Science, Biomaterials, Centaurea cyanus, pectins, Rhaponticum carthamoides, tannins, пектины, Centaurea macrocephala, flavonoids, танины, антиоксидантная активность, каротиноиды, catechins, катехины, DPPH
Abstract

The content of biologically active substances and antioxidant activity in leaves and inflorescences of three species from the tribe Cynareae of the Asteraceae family: Centaurea cyanus,Centaurea macrocephala, Rhaponticum carthamoides, grown under the conditions of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden introduction was studied. It was determined that leaves and inflorescences contain flavonols, catechins, tannins, carotenoids, pectin substances. The highest level of tannins (up to 27.7%) in leaves and flavonols in leaves and inflorescences (up to 4.93 %) was found in plants of R. carthamoides. High content of catechins (up to 140.2 mg%) was found in leaves and inflorescences of C. macrocephala. Carotenoids are mainly accumulated in leaves of R. carthamoides (51.73 mg%) and inflorescences of C. macrocephala (11.86 mg%). The highest content of pectins was noted in leaves and inflorescences of C. cyanus (1.7% and 2.6%), protopectins - in leaves (up to 10.54 %). The highest antioxidant activity (0.72 мг/г) and anti-radical activity (IC50=0.58–0.77 мг/г) were recorded for water-ethanol extracts from leaves and inflorescences of C. macrocephala. Water-ethanol extracts of C. cyanus exhibited low antiradical activity (IC50=4.43–8.13 mg/g)., Проведено изучение содержания биологически активных веществ и антиоксидантной активности в листьях и соцветиях растений Centaurea cyanus (василек синий), Centaurea macrocephala (гроссгеймия крупноголовчатая), Rhaponticum carthamoides (левзея сафлоровидная), выращиваемых в условиях интродукции Центрального сибирского ботанического сада. В образцах обнаружены фенольные соединения (флавонолы, флаваны (катехины), танины), полисахариды (пектины, протопектины), тетратерпены (каротиноиды). Установлено, что в листьях и соцветиях R. carthamoides отмечено более высокое содержание флавонолов (до 4.93%), в листьях – танинов (до 27.7%) по сравнению с представителями рода Centaurea. По высокому содержанию катехинов (до 140.2 мг%) выделяются растения C. macrocephala. Каротиноиды преимущественно накапливаются в листьях R. сarthamoides (51.73 мг/%) и соцветиях у C. macrocephala (11.86 мг%). Наибольшее содержание пектинов отмечено в листьях и соцветиях C. cyanus (1.7% и 2.6%), протопектинов – в листьях (до 10.54%). Более высокую антиоксидантную (ССА=0.72 мг/г) и антирадикальную (IC50=0.58–0.77 мг/г) активность проявили водно-этанольные экстракты C. macrocephala. Низкую антирадикальную активность имеет C. cyanus (IC50 =4.43–8.13 мг/г).

Published
2022

8. DYNAMICS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BERRIES OF INTRODUCED CULTIVARS AND FORMS OF CRANBERRIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF CENTRAL SIBERIAN BOTANICAL GARDEN SB RAS

Subjects
protopectins and catechins, кислотность, O. macrocarpus (Aiton) Pursh, клюква болотная, food and beverages, Oxycoccus palustris Pers, протопектины и пектины, сухое вещество, антоцианы, pectins, sugars, аскорбиновая кислота, dry substance, anthocyans, к. крупноплодная, ascorbic acid, сахара, acids, катехины
Abstract

The aim of the work was study of the variability of fruit chemical composition of O. palustris (2 samples) and O. macrocarpus (6 samples) cultivars and forms introduced in CSBG depending on the conditions of the year. Biochemical research of the content of dry substance, ascorbic acid, sugars, titratable acidity, anthocyanins, pectins, protopectins and catechins in berries of these samples were conducted. The chemical composition was analyzed by conventional methods. O. palustris surpasses O. macrocarpus in the content of ascorbic acid and titratable acidity, but is inferior to it in the accumulation of anthocyanins, pectins and protopectins. In comparison with the studied samples of both species, the native O. palustris accumulates the greatest amount of ascorbic acid and the least amount of sugars. The early cultivars of O. macrocarpus exceeds the mid-season cultivars and are close to late-maturing ones in terms of ascorbic acid content. The difference in the accumulation of other ingredients in the fruits of both O. palustris and O. macrocarpus is not statistically significant. According to the chemical composition of berries, O. palustris and O. macrocarpus are promising for introduction in the South of Western Siberia., Целью работы явилось изучение изменчивости химического состава ягод интродуцированных в ЦСБС сортов и форм клюквы болотной – Oxycoccus palustris Pers. (2 образца) и к. крупноплодной – O. macrocarpus (Aiton) Pursh (6 образцов) в зависимости от условий года. Проведены биохимические исследования содержания сухого вещества, аскорбиновой кислоты, сахаров, титруемой кислотности, антоцианов, пектинов, протопектинов и катехинов в ягодах этих образцов. Анализы химического состава проводились по общепринятым методикам. Клюква болотная превосходит к. крупноплодную по содержанию в ягодах аскорбиновой кислоты и титруемой кислотности, но уступает ей в накоплении антоцианов, пектинов и протопектинов. В сравнении с изученными образцами обоих видов аборигенная клюква болотная накапливает наибольшее количество аскорбиновой кислоты и наименьшее – сахаров. По содержанию аскорбиновой кислоты раннеспелые сорта клюквы крупноплодной превосходят среднеспелые сорта и близки к позднеспелым. Разница в накоплении в плодах остальных ингредиентов как у клюквы болотной, так и у к. крупноплодной статистически недостоверна. Изменчивость показателей сухого вещества, аскорбиновой кислоты, сахаров, титруемой кислотности, пектинов, протопектинов и катехинов была выше у к. болотной, антоцианов – у к. крупноплодной. Наименее изменчивым признаком у обоих видов клюквы было сухое вещество, а наиболее изменчивыми – протопектины и пектины у клюквы болотной и антоцианы у к. крупноплодной. По химическому составу ягод клюква болотная и к. крупноплодная перспективны для введения в культуру на юге Западной Сибири.

Published
2021

9. СИНТЕЗ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ В КУЛЬТУРЕ «БОРОДАТЫХ» КОРНЕЙ ASTRAGALUS PENDULIFLORUS LAM

Subjects
протопектины, prolonged cultivation, Astragalus penduliflorus Lam, food and beverages, дубильные вещества, флавоноиды, ВЭЖХ, hairy roots, пролонгированное культивирование, «бородатые» корни, pectins, triterpenoid saponins, tannins, protopectins, пектины, flavonoids, HPLC, catechins, катехины, тритерпеновые сапонины
Abstract

Agrobacterium rhizogenes – mediated genetic transformation of medicinal plant A. penduliflorus Lam. using A4-RT, R-1601, 15834 SWISS strains was performed. The competences for transformation of three types of explants: hypocotyls, cotyledons, and primary shoots were tested. The virulent strain (15834 SWISS) and types of explants for transformation (primary shoots and cotyledons) with high growth index (I) were determined. The frequency of transformation of cotyledons by strain 15834 SWISS after 4 weeks of cultivation was 15.4% (I = 59.6), hypocotyls – 9.1% (I = 7.3) and primary shoots – 37.5% (I = 21.0). After 8 weeks of cultivation I increased 4.5 times for primary shoots (I = 94.5 ± 0.20) and cotyledons (I = 265.8 ± 0.35), for cultures from hypocotyls – 5.97 times (I = 43.6 ± 0.30). The roots’ transgenic status and the absence of agrobacterium contamination were confirmed by PCR analysis using rolB-, virC-specific primers. The lines of hairy roots characterized by active increases of biomass with high content of biologically active metabolites were selected, moreover, the content of metabolites in hairy root cultures exceeded their content in the roots of introduced plants. The maximum accumulation of compounds was found in hairy roots obtained from primary shoots (pectins – up 7.8%, protopectins – up 15.3%) and cotyledons (tannins – up 16.1%, triterpenic saponins – up 30.5%) after 8 weeks of cultivation. High perfor-mance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis demonstrated that hydrolysates of extracts of hairy roots from primary shoots contained 2 flavonol aglycones – quercetin and isorhamnetin whereas ethanol extracts were characterized by presence of quercetin and 4 flavonoid components. In hairy roots from cotyledons the maximum of phenolic compounds (PСs) content did not differ significantly at 8 and 12 weeks of cultivation (1.38 ± 0.01 and 1.49 ± 0.06% of dry weight, respectively). The content of PCs in hairy roots from primary shoots increased two-fold from 4 to 12 weeks of cultivation (up 1.24 ± 0.18%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first efficient protocol reported for the establishment of hairy root cultures in A. penduliflorus using A.rhizogenes., Проведена Agrobacterium rhizogenes – опосредованная трансформация лекарственного растения Astragalus penduliflorus Lam. с использованием диких штаммов A4-RT, R-1601, 15834 SWISS. По компетентности к трансформации испытывали три типа эксплантов: гипокотили, семядоли и первичные побеги проростков. Определен вирулентный штамм (15834 SWISS) и типы эксплантов для трансформации (первичные побеги и семядоли), характеризующиеся высокими индексами роста (I). Частота трансформации семядолей штаммом 15834 SWISS через 4 недели культивирования составила 15.4% (I = 59.6), гипокотилей – 9.1% (I = 7.3) и первичных побегов – 37.5% (I = 21.0). При пролонгированном культивировании (в течение 8 недель культивирования) I увеличивался в 4.5 раза для первичных побегов (I = 94.5 ± 0.20) и семядолей (I = 265.8 ± 0.35), для культур из гипокотилей – в 5.97 раз (43.6 ± 0.30). Методом ПЦР с праймерами к агробактериальным rolB и virC генам подтверждена трансгенная природа корней и отсутствие бактериального загрязнения. Отобраны линии «бородатых» корней, характеризующиеся активным приростом биомассы c высоким содержанием биологически активных веществ (БАВ), причем содержание БАВ в культуре «бородатых» корней превосходило их содержание в корнях растений-интродуцентов. Максимальное содержание веществ обнаружено в культурах из первичных побегов (пектинов – 7.8%, протопектинов – 15.3%) и семядолей (дубильных веществ – 16.1%, тритерпеновых сапонинов – 30.5%) при пролонгированном культивировании (в течение 8 недель). Методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии (ВЭЖХ) в гидролизатах экстрактов «бородатых» корней из первичных побегов обнаружены 2 агликона флавонолов: кверцетин и изорамнетин, в этанольных экстрактах «бородатых» корней из семядолей и первичных побегов – кверцетин и 4 флавоноидных компонента. В культуре из семядолей максимальное содержание фенольных соединений (ФС) достоверно не отличалось на 8 и 12 неделях (1.38 ± 0.01 и 1.49 ± 0.06%, от абсолютно сухой массы сырья соответственно). Содержание ФС в культуре из первичных побегов достоверно возрастало в 2 раза с 4 по 12 неделю культивирования (до 1.24 ± 0.18%). Насколько нам известно, это первый протокол получения культуры «бородатых» корней у A.penduliflorus с использованием A. rhizogenes.

Published
2020

10. Application of bioprotective cultures in the technology of herring preserves

Subjects
пектины, bioprotective cultures of microorganisms, pectins, биозащитные культуры микроорганизмов, пресервы, buffering, microbiological indicators, созревание, микробиологические показатели, ripening, буферность, preserves
Abstract

72 с., 18 рис., 13 табл., 1 прил. Работа посвящена исследованию влияния Ð±Ð¸Ð¾Ð·Ð°Ñ‰Ð¸Ñ‚Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÐºÑƒÐ»ÑŒÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ на созревание пресервов из сельди и показателей Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°Ñ‡ÐµÑÑ‚Ð²Ð° при Ñ Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð¼ Ñ Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸, а также разработке Ñ‚ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¸ пресервов из сельди с добавками Ð±Ð¸Ð¾Ð·Ð°Ñ‰Ð¸Ñ‚Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÐºÑƒÐ»ÑŒÑ‚ÑƒÑ€. В Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ðµ работы были получены результаты исследований Ð¼Ð¾Ñ€Ñ„Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ñ Ð°Ñ€Ð°ÐºÑ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð¸Ðº препарата Ð±Ð¸Ð¾Ð·Ð°Ñ‰Ð¸Ñ‚Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÐºÑƒÐ»ÑŒÑ‚ÑƒÑ€ микроорганизмов, содержащего штамм Lactobacillus sakei. Был предложен способ применения препарата Lactobacillus sakei в Ñ‚ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¸ Ñ€Ñ‹Ð±Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÑÐµÑ€Ð²Ð¾Ð² в составе Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð¾Ñ‡Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÑÐ¼ÐµÑÐµÐ¹ в количестве 0,02 % от массы пресервов. Получены результаты исследований Ð±Ð¸Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑ€Ð¾Ð±Ð¸Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ñ‚ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ Ñ€Ñ‹Ð±Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÑÐµÑ€Ð²Ð¾Ð² с добавками препарата Lactobacillus sakei при Ñ Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð¼ Ñ Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸. Установлено, что внесение культуры Lactobacillus sakei в заливки для пресервов способствуют ускорению созревания пресервов, подавляют рост нежелательной микрофлоры при Ñ Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð¼ Ñ Ñ€Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸, благодаря чему могут быть использованы в качестве биоконсерванта в Ñ‚ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¸ пресервов из сельди в Ð¶ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð²ÐºÐ°Ñ . Были разработаны рецептуры пресервов «Сельдь пряная в желе» и Ñ Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÑƒÑÐ¾Ðº из пресервов с применением культуры Lactobacillus sakei., 72 pages, 18 pictures, 13 tables, 1 application The work is devoted to the study of the influence of bioprotective cultures on the ripening of herring preserves and their quality indicators during cold storage, as well as the development of technology for herring preserves with additives of bioprotective cultures. In the course of the work, the results of studies of morphological characteris-tics of the preparation of bioprotective cultures of microorganisms, which contains a strain of Lactobacillus sakei. A method of using the drug Lactobacillus sakei in the technology of fish preserves in jelly with pectin in the amount of 0.02 % of the mass of preserves was proposed. The results of the study of biochemical and microbiological parameters of fish preserves with the addition of the drug Lactobacillus sakei in cold storage were obtained. It was found that the introduction of Lactobacillus sakei culture in the jelly for preserves accelerates the ripening of preserves, suppresses the growth of undesirable microflora during storage, so they can be used as a bioconservant in the technology of preserves from herring in jelly. Recipes for preserves "spiced Herring in jelly" and cold snacks from pre-serves with the use of Lactobacillus sakei culture were developed.

Published
2020
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11. БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫЕ ВЕЩЕСТВА И АНТИОКСИДАНТНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ SIBIRAEA ALTAIENSIS (LAXM.) SCHNEID. (ROSACEAE)

Subjects
протопектины, флавонолы, carotenoids, food and beverages, дубильные вещества, antioxidant activity (АОА), flavonols, pectins, tannins, protopectins, пектины, Sibiraea altaiensis, каротиноиды, catechins, катехины, антиоксидантная активность (АОА)
Abstract

The content of biologically active substances and the level of antioxidant activity in the aerial organs of different sexual forms of Sibiraea altaiensis (Laxm.) Schneid. during the growing season were investigated for the first time. It was found that the maximum content of biologically active compounds varies depending on the stage of development, plant organ and also gender. The amount of flavonols (5.69%), tannins (30.17%) is higher in the leaves of male plants during the budding of plants, catechins ‒ in inflorescences (0.61%) of female plants, pectins ‒ in male buds (1.54%), protopectins ‒ in the leaves of males (8.99%) in the budding phase and in the leaves of females (9.62%) in the fruiting phase of plants and carotenoids ‒ in the leaves of males (70.6 mg%) and female (61.86 mg%) plants in the fruiting phase. Stalks of S. altaiensis contain quite a high amount of tannins (20.1%), pectins (1.49%), protopectins (5.93%) and carotenoids (17.37 mg%). The highest (antioxidant activity) AOA was detected in water (2.03 mg/g) and water-ethanol (1.75 mg/g) extracts from the leaves of male S. altaiensis plants. The AOA of water and water-ethanol extracts from the aerial organs of S. altaiensis is authentically positively connected with the content of all the studied substances, except for pectins., Впервые исследованы содержание биологически активных веществ и уровень антиоксидантной активности унадземных органов Sibiraea altaiensis (Laxm.) Schneid. разных половых форм в течение вегетационного сезона. Обнаружено, что максимум содержания биологически активных соединений варьирует в зависимости от стадии развития иоргана растения, а также половой принадлежности. Наиболее высокое количество флавонолов (5.69%) идубильных веществ (30.17%) установлено в листьях мужских растений в фазу бутонизации, катехинов – в соцветиях (0.61%) женских растений, пектинов – в бутонах мужских растений (1.54%), протопектинов – в листьях мужских особей (8.99%) вфазу бутонизации и в листьях женских особей (9.62%) в фазу плодоношения растений, каротиноидов – в листьях мужских (70.6 мг%) и женских (61.86 мг%) растений в фазу плодоношения. В стеблях сибирки алтайской обнаружено достаточно высокое содержание дубильных веществ (20.1%), пектинов (1.49%), протопектинов (5.93%) и каротиноидов (17.37мг%). Самая высокая антиоксидантная активность (АОА) выявлена в водных (2.03 мг/г) и водно-этанольных (1.75мг/г) экстрактах из листьев мужских растений S. altaiensis. АОА водных и водно-этанольных экстрактов из надземных органов S. altaiensis достоверно положительно связана с содержанием всех исследуемых веществ, за исключением пектинов.

Published
2019

12. THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE BERRIES OF SPECIES AND INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF RED CUR-RANT IN CULTURE

Subjects
protopectins and catechins, кислотность, selections, food and beverages, red currant, красная смородина, протопектины и пектины, отборные формы, сухое вещество, антоцианы, pectins, sugars, аскорбиновая кислота, dry substance, anthocyans, ascorbic acid, сахара, acids, катехины
Abstract

Red currant is a valuable food and medicinal plant widely used in industrial and amateur gardening. The aim of this article is a summary of results of a multi-year research of the chemical composition of fruits of red currant wild-growing species and natural interspecific hybrids of different geographical origin and assessment of a possibility of use of the selections to produce interspecific hybrids. Biochemical study of dry substance, ascorbic acid, sugars, acids, anthocyans, catechins, pectins and protopectins in red currant berries was carried out. The analyses of the chemical composition were performed by the universally accepted procedures. The levels of variability of 8 biochemical characters of red berry fruits depending on conditions of a year were established. It was shown that the most stable biochemical character was content of dry substance in berries and the most variable one – content of catechins. More ascorbic acid accumulates in berries of Ribes atropurpureum from the Salair Ridge in comparison with the amount in berries of R. atropurpureum from the Altai Mountains. By the complex of biochemical characters of prime interest are R. atropurpureum and hybrid R. atropurpureum × R. altissimum, and by the content of dry substance, sugars and catechins – hybrid R. atropurpureum × R. vulgare. The selections are a source of 1-5 outstanding biochemical characters and promising for the use in breeding. The interspecific hybrids of red currant obtained in CSBG by the use of selections testify to the possibility of production of high yield, large-fruited cultivars with a high content of biologically active substances in berries., Красная смородина – ценное пищевое и лекарственное растение, широко используется в промышленном и любительском садоводстве. Целью данной работы является обобщение результатов многолетних исследований химического состава плодов дикорастущих видов и естественных межвидовых гибридов красной смородины разного географического происхождения и оценка возможности использования отборных форм для получения межвидовых гибридов. Проведены биохимические исследования сухого вещества, аскорбиновой кислоты, сахаров, кислот, антоцианов, катехинов, пектинов и протопектинов в ягодах красной смородины. Анализы химического состава проводились по общепринятым методикам. Установлены уровни изменчивости 8 биохимических признаков плодов красных смородин в зависимости от условий года и показано, что наиболее стабильным биохимическим признаком является содержание в ягодах сухого вещества, а самым изменчивым – содержание катехинов. В плодах салаирской смородины темно-пурпуровой по сравнению с горноалтайской накапливается больше аскорбиновой кислоты. По комплексу биохимических признаков наибольший интерес для интродукции и селекции представляют смородина темно-пурпуровая и гибрид С. темно-пурпуровой со С. высочайшей, а по содержанию сухого вещества, сахаров и катехинов – гибрид С. темно-пурпуровой со С. обыкновенной. Отборные формы являются источниками 1–5 выдающихся биохимических признаков и перспективны для использования в селекции. Созданные в ЦСБС межвидовые гибриды красной смородины с использованием отборных форм свидетельствуют о возможности получения высокоурожайных, крупноплодных с высоким содержанием в ягодах биологически активных веществ сортов.

Published
2019

13. SURFACE-ACTIVE PROPERTIES OF THE DISTILLERS GRAINS AND THE PECTINS ISOLATED FROM THEM

Author

Кайшева Нелли Шаликовна (Ru) and Кайшев Александр Шаликович (Ru)

Subjects
food.ingredient, Materials science, Pectin, Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacy, RM1-950, Polysaccharide, Micelle, complex mixtures, Distillers grains, pectins, food, Phase (matter), superficial tension, Pharmacology (medical), surface- active properties, micelle formations, distillers grains, Sodium alginate, Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, adsorption layer, Chromatography, food and beverages, critical concentration, superficial excess, superficial activity, Volume (thermodynamics), chemistry, Chemical engineering, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Biological availability
Abstract

Distillers grains are a huge secondary raw material resource, prospective for different fields, including pharmaceutical use, because of a rich content of biologically active compounds. The purpose of this paper was to estimate possibilities of the pharmaceutical use of distillers grains as the additive agent by means of surface-active properties of distillers grains study as well as pectins, isolated from them. We have established the surface-active properties of the liquid phase of the distillers wheat grains by means of higher pressure of air bubbles with the use of Rehbinder’s apparatus. It contained 6.67 mol/m3 pectins, and pectins isolated from a solid phase of the same distillers grains: surface activity 11.67 and 7.54, saturated surface excess amounted to 1.28×10-5 and 6.25×10-5 mol/m2, critical concentration of micelle formation amounted to 1.32 mol/m3 and 1.48 mol/m3 respectively. Surface-active characteristics of distillers grains and isolated pectins are comparable with well-known natural polysaccharides (sodium alginate, polygalacturonic acid, beet bin pectin), which are used as additive agents in technology of medicinal plants. We have determined the sizes of pectins molecules from distillers grains in the unsaturated adsorption layers, which differed from the well-known polysaccharides by lesser square (2.658 A2), radius (0.920 A), diameter of cross-section (1.840 A) and the volume (2727 A3) at the bigger mass per surface unit (1.031×10-4 кг) and a length (1026 A). The data obtained by the sizes of pectin molecules are the favorable factor, which conduced their high biological availability.

Published
2016

14. ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА ЯГОД КЛЮКВЫ КРУПНОПЛОДНОЙ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ХРАНЕНИЯ

Subjects
protopectins and catechins, кислотность, Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Aiton) Pursh, food and beverages, протопектины и пектины, сухое вещество, антоцианы, pectins, sugars, аскорбиновая кислота, dry substance, anthocyans, ascorbic acid, сахара, acids, катехины
Abstract

Large cranberry is a valuable food and medicinal plant. The early cultivar «Bergman» and mid-season cultivars «Ben Lear» and «Pilgrim», the most promising for southern West Siberia, ripen rather late – in the second-third decades of September. The aim of the work was study of the chemical composition of large cranberry berries and its dynamics during long storage. In this regard, biochemical study of dry substance, ascorbic acid, sugars, acids, anthocyans, catechins, pectins and protopectins of berries promising cultivars was conducted. The chemical composition was analyzed by conventional methods. It was established that the early cultivar «Bergman» compared to mid-season cultivars «Ben Lear» and «Pilgrim» accumulated more ascorbic acid and anthocyans. In the course of long (5–6 months) storage of fruits in the refrigerator the decrease in the number of sugars, ascorbic acid and pectins (partially) took place in all cultivars, but the content of dry substance, acids, protopectins (1.2–2.9 times) and anthocyans (1.7–5.0 times) increased. Therefore, it is possible to after-ripen unripe cranberry berries. On accumulation of anthocyans and protopectins Siberian samples are close to or exceed Belorussian ones which form a qualitative fruit composition in more favourable conditions. To receive high-quality by biochemical indices production, it is necessary to grow early large cranberry cultivars in southern West Siberia, to harvest berries in the late second-third decades of September when berries acquire natural color and to store fresh berries in the refrigerator for not more than half a year., Клюква крупноплодная – ценное пищевое и лекарственное растение. Наиболее перспективные для юга Западной Сибири ранний сорт «Bergman» и среднеранние сорта «Ben Lear» и «Pilgrim» созревают довольно поздно, во второй-третьей декаде сентября. Целью данной работы явилось изучение химического состава ягод клюквы крупноплодной и его динамики при длительном хранении. В связи с этим проведены биохимические исследования сухого вещества, аскорбиновой кислоты, сахаров, кислот, антоцианов, катехинов, пектинов и протопектинов в ягодах перспективных сортов. Анализы химического состава проводились по общепринятым методикам. Установлено, что ранний сорт «Bergman», по сравнению со среднеранними сортами «Ben Lear» и «Pilgrim», накапливал больше аскорбиновой кислоты и антоцианов. В процессе длительного (5–6 месяцев) хранения плодов в холодильнике у всех сортов происходило снижение количества сахаров, аскорбиновой кислоты и частично пектинов, но увеличивалось содержание сухих веществ, кислот, протопектинов (в 1.2–2.9 раза) и антоцианов (в 1.7–5.0 раз). Следовательно, недозрелые ягоды клюквы можно дозаривать. По накоплению антоцианов и протопектинов сибирские образцы близки или превышают белорусские, которые формируют качественный состав плодов в более благоприятных условиях. Для получения высококачественной по биохимическим показателям продукции необходимо на юге Западной Сибири выращивать ранние сорта клюквы крупноплодной, сбор урожая производить в конце второй-третьей декады сентября, когда ягоды приобретут естественную окраску, и хранить ягоды в свежем виде в холодильнике не более полугода. В процессе длительного (5–6 месяцев) хранения ягод у всех сортов происходило снижение количества сахаров, аскорбиновой кислоты и частично пектинов, но увеличивалось содержание сухих веществ, кислот, протопектинов и антоцианов.

Published
2019

15. APPLICATION OF PECTIC POLYSACCHARIDES AS STIMULANTS FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L

Author

Тулинов (Tulinov), Алексей (Aleksey) Геннадьевич (Gennad'yevich), Михайлова (Mikhailova), Елена (Elena) Андрияновна (Andrianovna), and Шубаков (Shubakov), Анатолий (Anatoliy) Александрович (Aleksandrovich)

Subjects
гераклеуман, fungi, plant growth stimulants, food and beverages, yield, силенан, silenan, pectins, heracleuman, lemnan, пектины, урожайность, potato, стимуляторы роста растений, картофель, лемнан
Abstract

Crop yields can be significantly increased by using pectic polysaccharides – natural ecologically safe and effective plant growth stimulants. In this paper, high growth-stimulating activity of pectins with respect to potatoes is shown. The research was conducted in 2012–2015 in the Komi Republic (Syktyvkar) on sod-podzolic soils with an average humus content of 2.8–3.4%. The objects of the study in the field experiments were zoned potato varieties: early-ripening Gloria variety and the middle-aged variety Nevsky. The following pectic polysaccharides served as stimulants of potato growth and development: heracleuman – pectin of Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden., lemnan – pectin duckweed Lemna minor L. and silenan – pectin of callus tissue of campion Silene vulgaris (M.) G. Processing of potatoes with aqueous solutions of pectic polysaccharides included pre-planting soaking of potato tubers in water and spraying potato plants in the phases of 3–5 leaves and tuber formation. For processing potatoes, working solutions were used, which were prepared from 100 times diluted 0.002% aqueous solutions of pectins. The consumption of the working solutions of pectins were 10 liters on 1 ton of tubers and 300 l/ha of planting potatoes. Tubers and potato plants treated with water instead of pectins were used as control samples. It is established that all tested pectins possess growth-stimulating activity and processing of potatoes with aqueous solutions of pectic polysaccharides increases the early and overall yield of this crop, as well as the content of dry matter, starch and vitamin C in potato tubers., Урожайность сельскохозяйственных культур может быть значительно повышена при использовании пектиновых полисахаридов – природных экологически безопасных и эффективных стимуляторов роста растений. В данной работе показана высокая ростостимулирующая активность пектинов в отношении картофеля. Исследования проведены в 2012–2015 гг. в Республике Коми (г. Сыктывкар) на дерново-подзолистой почве со средним содержанием гумуса 2.8–3.4%. Объектами исследования в полевых опытах являлись районированные сорта картофеля: раннеспелый сорт Глория и среднеранний сорт Невский. Стимуляторами роста и развития картофеля служили следующие пектиновые полисахариды: гераклеуман – пектин борщевика Сосновского Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden., лемнан – пектин ряски малой Lemna minor L. и силенан – пектин каллусной ткани смолевки обыкновенной Silene vulgaris (M.) G. Обработка картофеля водными растворами пектиновых полисахаридов включала в себя: предпосадочное замачивание клубней картофеля в воде; опрыскивание растений картофеля в фазах 3–5 листьев и клубнеобразования. Для обработок картофеля использовали рабочие растворы, которые готовили из разведенных в 100 раз маточных 0.002% водных растворов пектинов. Расходы рабочих растворов пектинов составляли 10 л на 1 т клубней и 300 л/га посадок картофеля. Контролем являлись клубни и растения картофеля, которые вместо пектинов обрабатывали водой. Установлено, что все испытанные пектины обладают ростостимулирующей активностью и обработка картофеля их водными растворами повышает раннюю и общую урожайность данной культуры, а также увеличивает содержание в клубнях картофеля сухого вещества, крахмала и витамина С.

Published
2018

16. [Evaluation of the nanosize and stability of aqueous dispersions of iodinecontaining conjugates based on carriers of plant origin, promising for iodine enrichment of foods].

Author

Kamilov FK, Konkina IG, Kozlov VN, Ganeev TI, Badykova LA, and Kryachko AN

Subjects
Inulin, Caseins, Glycosides, Water, Pectins, Iodine
Abstract

The high proportion of iodine deficiency diseases in the structure of general morbidity determines the relevance of creating new nontoxic iodine-containing compounds and improving the processes of iodization of foods of mass consumption. In recent years, to solve this problem, a number of iodine-containing compounds based on natural polymers have been proposed, including pectin (iodinepectin), casein (iodine-casein), inulin (iodine-inulin). It seems promising to create iodine-containing conjugates for food industry not only based on natural polymers, which are not individual compounds, but also based on low-molecular plant metabolites that have a high potential for correcting public health. The attention of researchers is attracted, in particular, by the glycosides of Stevia rebaudiana, which have positively proven themselves in the food industry for many years. Current trends in the development of industrial production of iodine-fortified products also include requirements for the compatibility of iodine-containing concentrates with food industry technologies, especially in the formation of time-stable micro-heterogeneous aqueous dispersions. In connection with the above, the purpose of the research was to confirm the formation of an iodine conjugate with a low molecular weight metabolite of Stevia rebaudiana (glycoside rebaudioside A) by infrared (IR) spectroscopy; and to assess the resistance to sedimentation of its aqueous micro-heterogeneous dispersions (iodine-glycoside) comparatively with iodine compounds with natural plant polymeric carriers - pectin (iodine-pectin) and inulin (iodine-inulin) by the method of nanostructural analysis. Material and methods . The IR spectra of the compounds were recorded on a Fourier spectrometer. Measurement of particle sizes in dispersions of iodine-containing substances was carried out on a laser analyzer, wave length 375 nm, in a quartz cuvette (7 ml) after 0, 2, 4, 6, 10, 24, 72 and 144 h. To prepare dispersions, a weighed portion of iodine-pectin (105 mg) was mixed in 100 cm3 of water (600 rpm) at a temperature of 35-40 °C for 60-70 min, weighed portions of iodine-glycoside (120 mg) and iodine-inulin (49.7 mg) were dissolved in 100 cm3 of water at room temperature (23 °C) for 3-4 min. Results . An IR spectroscopy study of the interaction of iodine with rebaudioside A indicated the stabilization of molecular iodine by the functional groups of the glycoside, leading to the formation of a stable iodine-glycoside conjugate. Assessment of the aqueous dispersions of particles of this conjugate by nanostructural analysis showed that the substance iodine-glycoside formed a stable microheterogeneous dispersion with a particle diameter of about 300 nm, which didn't undergo sedimentation during the entire observation period (6 days). Aqueous dispersions of the iodine-inulin with a particle size of 10 nm were comparable with true solutions and remained also stable throughout the entire observation period. Particles of the iodine-containing compound iodine-pectin formed moderately stable aquatic dispersed systems, the time of complete sedimentation of which was 6-10 h. Conclusion . The study of the IR spectra of rebaudioside A and the synthesized sample iodine-glycoside made it possible to confirm the conclusion about the inclusion of iodine molecules in the structure of glycoside molecules. Micro-heterogeneous stable dispersions of this conjugate, as well as iodine-inulin substances, can be convenient concentrates for enriching milk with iodine. Rapid aggregation of particles of iodine-pectin substances in concentrates can prevent their uniform distribution in the target environment, which reduces the effectiveness of industrial technologies for iodine-fortified foods for the mass prevention of endemic goiter., Competing Interests: The authors declare no overt and potential conflict of interest related to the publication of this article., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)

Published
2022
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17. [The effect of agar-pectin gels on the eating behaviour of fasted and fed mice].

Author

Paderin NM, Markov PA, and Popov SV

Subjects
Agar, Animals, Dietary Fiber, Eating, Gels, Mice, Feeding Behavior, Pectins
Abstract

A diet rich in non-digestible plant polysaccharides (dietary fibers) leads to effective appetite suppression and reduces food intake. The mechanical properties of food contribute to the satiating effect of food. It is known that solid food satiates to a greater extent than liquid, as the duration of food processing in the oral cavity increases. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of mechanical properties of agar-pectin gels on the feeding behaviour of mice Material and methods. The gels were prepared by dissolving the corresponding weights of agar, pectin and sucrose in 100 ml of water: gel 1 contained 6 g of agar, 3 g of pectin, gel 2 - 20 g of agar, 1 g of pectin and 0.03 M CaCl 2 , gel 3 - 20 g of agar, 1 g of pectin (without the addition of calcium ions). All gels contained an equal amount of sucrose (15 g per 100 ml of water). The mechanical properties of the gels (strength, Young's modulus and elasticity) were determined on a texture analyzer. Mice with an initial body weight of 32.9±0.5 g (n=8 in each group) received gels once a day for four days. Each day, animals were individually placed in experimental cages for 60 minutes: in the first 30 min, they were given test gels and for the next 30 min standard rodent food. The first two days were training. Before the third gel presentation, the animals were previously completely restricted in food for 14 hr (fasted mice), and before the fourth gel presentation, the mice received food ad libitum (fed mice). The eating behaviour of the mice, the amount of gel eaten and standard feed eaten were determined. Mice that were not exposed to gels were used as control. Results and discussion. Gel 3 was the hardest (251±3 kPa) in comparison with gel 1 (44±1 kPa) and 2 (141±3 kPa). Fasted mice that received gel 3 ate 36% less food (p<0.05), and the total energy intake was 19% lower (p<0.05) compared to the control. Fasted mice that received gels 1 and 2 ate the same amount of food as the control animals. Gel 3 significantly reduced feeding time by 19% (p<0.05) in fasted mice. Gels 1 and 2 did not alter the eating behaviour of fasted mice. Fed mice that received gels ate as much food as in the control. Gels failed to affect the eating behaviour of fed mice. Conclusion. Overall, solid gel 3 reduced food intake and time spent on feeding after 14 h of complete food restriction. The effect of the gel on the feeding behaviour of animals and the amount of food eaten is determined by the hardness of the gel and does not depend on the ratio of the components of the gel and its resistance to in vitro simulated gastric and intestinal fluids., Competing Interests: The authors declare no overt and potential conflict of interest related to the publication of this article., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)

Published
2020
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19. [Experimental rationale for the use of medapec as the drug of choice in treating echinococcosis].

Author

Dzhabarova VI, Kovalenko FP, and Lebedeva MN

Subjects
Administration, Oral, Animals, Anticestodal Agents administration & dosage, Benzimidazoles administration & dosage, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Carriers, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Echinococcosis, Pulmonary parasitology, Female, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred CBA, Pectins, Pulmonary Alveoli drug effects, Pulmonary Alveoli parasitology, Rats, Sigmodontinae, Anticestodal Agents therapeutic use, Benzimidazoles therapeutic use, Carbamates, Echinococcosis, Pulmonary drug therapy, Echinococcus
Abstract

The dosage form of medamine-medapec was found to have a high antiechinococcal activity in experiments on laboratory animals. Its efficacy was shown in treating larval alveolar echinococciasis in mice and cotton rats with different doses and courses as compared with medamine and albendazole. It was ascertained that for its high larvicidal activity, medapec should be given to animals regularly during a day. The daily dose of the drug should be gradually increased. In complying with these conditions, the duration of effective courses of therapy drastically reduces.

Published
2004

20. [Method for studying horizontal transfer of plasmids in Erwinia carotovora].

Author

Gorb TE and Tovkach FI

Subjects
Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Culture Media chemistry, Drug Resistance genetics, Electrophoresis, Genetic Techniques, Pectins, Pectobacterium carotovorum drug effects, Pectobacterium carotovorum growth & development, Plasmids analysis, Bacteriological Techniques methods, Conjugation, Genetic, Extrachromosomal Inheritance, Pectobacterium carotovorum genetics, Plasmids genetics
Abstract

A simple method to determine frequency characteristics of the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance by transconjugative plasmids of various incompatibility groups into Erwinia carotovora strains has been developed. The proposed method for selection of E. carotovora transconjugates provides for the use of selective medium with pectin and corresponding antibiotic, which permits carrying out reliable counterselection of the donor (Escherichia, Salmonella). The proposed method helped to study horizontal transfer of plasmids RP4 (Inc P), R 391 (Inc J) and pKM101 (Inc N) to some E. carotovora strains and to demonstrate their inheritance as extrachromosomal DNA in Erwinia cells.

Published
2002

21. [Thermodynamic approach to the selection of polyuronide sequestrants for protection of the human body from toxic metal ions. Interactions of polyuronides with lead ions].

Author

Braudo EE, Danilova IV, Dianova VT, Kobak VV, and Plashchina IG

Subjects
Alginates, Humans, Lead metabolism, Pectins, Thermodynamics, Chelating Agents, Lead toxicity, Uronic Acids
Abstract

Binding isotherms of Pb2+ ions with potassium pectate and potassium alginate with relatively low content of blocks of L-guluronic residues (20%) have been determined. Interactions of Pb2+ ions with polyuronides studied is cooperative. Maximum values of binding constants are an order of magnitude higher than previously determined ones for Ca2+ and Sr2+ ions. Along with ion-coordination ("stoichiometric") interactions, alginate is typified by so-called extra-stoichiometric binding of Pb2+ ions, which presumably proceeds by a coprecipitation mechanism. Limitations of the thermodynamic approach to the selection of sequestrants for human body protection from toxic metal ions are discussed.

Published
2001

22. [Thermodynamic approach to the selection of polyuronide sequestrants for the protection of the human body from toxic metal ions. Interactions of polyuronides with strontium and calcium ions].

Author

Braudo EE, Danilova IV, Dianova VT, Kobak VV, and Plashchina IG

Subjects
Alginates, Calcium metabolism, Humans, Ligands, Macromolecular Substances, Metals, Alkaline Earth metabolism, Models, Theoretical, Pectins, Spectrophotometry, Strontium metabolism, Xenobiotics toxicity, Calcium toxicity, Chelating Agents, Metals, Alkaline Earth toxicity, Strontium toxicity, Thermodynamics, Uronic Acids
Abstract

Selectivity of polyuronide sequestrants (pectate, alginates of various uronide composition) in respect to Sr2+ and Ca2+ ions has been evaluated in terms of thermodynamic affinity. It is suggested that there is no point in the use of pectate as a Sr(2+)-binding agent because at initial stages of reaction it reveals higher affinity to Ca2+ ions in comparison to Sr2+ ions. Contrary to pectate, alginates under similar conditions have higher affinity to Sr2+ ions. It is shown that these ions are bound only by blocks of L-guluronic acid residues in alginate macromolecules. The results obtained lend support to the advisability of the use of alginate preparations with the high content of L-guluronic acid residues for the excretion of Sr2+ ions from human body.

Published
2001

23. [The effect of pectin and cellulose on the metabolism of lipids and complex carbohydrates under experimental conditions].

Author

Burmeĭstere MF, Zhikhare LIu, Feldmane LE, and Breĭde BS

Subjects
Animals, Cellulose, Cholesterol metabolism, Diet, Atherogenic, Dietary Carbohydrates, Fatty Acids metabolism, Fucose metabolism, Liver metabolism, Male, Mucoproteins metabolism, Pectins, Phospholipids metabolism, Rats, Sialic Acids metabolism, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Diet, Lipid Metabolism
Abstract

Experiments conducted with albino rats have evidenced that under the effect of an atherogenic ration the level of lipids and cholesterol in the blood plasma and hepatic tissue and of sillac acids in the blood plasma increased. In the aortic intima the content of acid mucopolysaccharides was rising, this being attended by a concurrent swelling of the main interstitial substance and of the collagen fibers in the subendothelial layer. An addition of apple pectin or of cellulose to the atherogenic ration deferred the development of the mentioned changes.

Published
1976

24. [Electron microscopic study of pectin solutions].

Author

Sen'kevich SI, Belavtseva EM, Plashchina IG, Braudo EE, and Kamenskaia EV

Subjects
Chemical Phenomena, Chemistry, Esterification, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Microscopy, Electron, Solutions, Pectins
Abstract

Electron microscopic study was carried out of the structure of pectin 0.01% aqueous solutions according to esterification degree at different pH medium. Preparations were prepared by freezing-drying method of solution drop on the formvar film and by the negative contrasting method. Microfibrils of 60-180 A diameter were found. Their aggregation increased with a decrease of the charge of pectin macromolecule (increase of esterification, decrease of pH).

Published
1979

25. [Multiple forms of pectin trans-eliminase from Verticillium dahliae Klebahn -- cotton wilt agent].

Author

Gladkikh TA, Vasil'eva KV, and Metlitskii LV

Subjects
Chromatography, Affinity, Chromatography, Gel, Chromatography, Ion Exchange, Isoelectric Focusing, Macromolecular Substances, Molecular Weight, Pectins, Substrate Specificity, Mitosporic Fungi enzymology, Polysaccharide-Lyases isolation & purification
Abstract

From the culture liquid filtrate of Verticillium dahliae--cotton wilt agent--pectin trans-eliminase (EC) was isolated. The enzyme was isolated and examined, using ultrafiltration, gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, isoelectrofocusing, and electrophoresis. The fungus was found capable to produce several forms of pectin trans-eliminase that differed in their molecular weight, charge, synthesis and release regulation, substrate action (position of bonding breakdowns in the pectin polymer molecule). Pectin trans-eliminase activity was also detected in cell walls of the fungal mycelium. Possible origin of multiple forms of the enzyme is discussed.

Published
1978

31. [Pectolytic enzymes of Clostridium felsineum].

Author

Kapitonova LS, Rodionova NA, and Feniksova RV

Subjects
Calcium Chloride pharmacology, Edetic Acid pharmacology, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Lyases antagonists & inhibitors, Pectins, Clostridium enzymology, Glycoside Hydrolases metabolism, Lyases metabolism
Published
1972

32. [Fractionation of pectocinerine].

Author

Shcherbakov MA, Tiurina ZhP, and Trofimenko NM

Subjects
Catalysis, Cellulose, Chromatography, Gel, Hot Temperature, Molecular Weight, Glycoside Hydrolases analysis, Mitosporic Fungi enzymology, Pectins
Published
1973

35. [Purification and properties of pectate-transeliminase acid from Clostridium felsineum].

Author

Kapitonova LS, Rodionova NA, and Feniksova RV

Subjects
Cations, Divalent, Centrifugation, Chromatography, Gel, Chromatography, Ion Exchange, Chromatography, Paper, Culture Media, Edetic Acid pharmacology, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Enzyme Activation drug effects, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Molecular Weight, Pectins, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Clostridium enzymology, Lyases isolation & purification
Published
1973

42. [Electron microscopic study of biopolymer gels].

Author

Belavtseva EM, Tolstoguzov VB, Iziumov DB, and Genina MM

Subjects
Acetates, Alginates, Freeze Etching, Gelatin, Microscopy, Electron, Pectins, Gels, Macromolecular Substances
Published
1972

44. [Various extracellular hydrolytic enzymes of fungi and bacteria].

Author

Tiunova NA, Kobzeva NIa, Feniksova RV, Rodionova NA, and Gorbacheva IV

Subjects
Aspergillus enzymology, Bacillus enzymology, Cellulose, Chitinases, Erwinia enzymology, Mycobacterium enzymology, Pectins, Penicillium enzymology, Pseudomonas enzymology, Bacteria enzymology, Glycoside Hydrolases analysis, Mitosporic Fungi enzymology, Peptide Hydrolases analysis
Published
1973

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