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The research focused on how the application of the project method in the educational process contributes to a deeper understanding of theoretical knowledge and the development of practical skills among students of technical specialities. In this study, an analysis of the effectiveness of design technologies in teaching the construction and maintenance of cars was carried out, which allowed assessing their impact on the development of theoretical and practical skills of students. It was found that the use of project technologies in teaching significantly improves the quality of students’ assimilation of theoretical knowledge and contributes to the development of practical skills. It was found that students who completed tasks in the form of projects better understood the principles of operation of automotive systems and were able to apply their knowledge in real situations. Practical work in the project format contributed to the development of critical thinking and the ability to make informed decisions, as participants were forced to analyse problems and find optimal ways to solve them. It was also found that the project method increased students' motivation to learn and encouraged them to independently search for information, collaborate in a team, and use modern diagnostic tools. Work in groups contributed to the development of communication and time management skills, which are important in professional activities. In general, the results of the study indicate a significant increase in the effectiveness of the educational process through the integration of the project method, which contributes not only to a deeper assimilation of theoretical knowledge, but also to the development of practical skills that directly affect the professional readiness of students of technical specialities. The results of this study can be used in educational institutions that train car maintenance specialists to improve training programmes and teaching methods

Background. The disclosure of patterns of formation and development of basic competencies of specialists is an essential condition for optimizing the process of professional training and improving the effectiveness of information-related activity in general. Objective. The aim is to identify and explain the features and patterns of the genesis of two basic categories of specialists’ competencies: hard-skills and soft-skills in the process of professionalization. Methods. A set of techniques aimed at expert assessment of the degree of formation of the main professional competencies in specialists was applied. The research was based on the synthesis of the judgments concentration method, the method of focus groups and the method of “frequency-significant selection”, as well as on a specially developed methodology for exporting two categories of competencies: hard-skills and soft-skills. In addition, the method of correlation analysis was used, including in the variant of determining the coefficients of the correlation ratio (η). Study Participants. The study involved three experienced groups of specialists from one of the most representative types of this activity — programmers. The first group included persons with up to 1.5 years of experience; the second — with 3 to 4 years of experience; the third — with 7 or more years of experience. Quantitatively, the first group included 72 respondents, the second group consisted of 64 participants, and the third group involved 43 people. 74% of the total number of the entire sample were male, 26% were female. The age range of the surveyed respondents is from 21 to 42 years. Results. It is revealed that the formation and development of a common set of professional competencies, differentiating into two main categories: hard-skills and soft-skills, is based on the principles that are characteristic of system-genesis as a special type of genesis. They are the principles of unevenness and heterochrony. Consequently, the process of professionalization of specialists is also a process of system-genesis. It is proved that in relation to information activity and its genesis, this process acquires fundamentally new characteristics. It unfolds not only in accordance with classical system-genetic patterns, but also appears as a more complex process of metasystem-genesis. This means that it includes the formation and development not only of those determinants that have internal localization in relation to it as a system, but also of those that have extrasystemic localization. They, being functionally included, “embedded” in it, constitute one of the levels of its subjective determinants: the level of meta-competencies, which is formed by the soft-skills category. Due to them, it is possible to minimize those deficits that are inherent in the case of an insufficient level of hard-skills formation, and thereby optimize the activity as a whole. Conclusions. The study established a fundamentally new result, consisting in substantiating the belonging of the process of formation of professional competencies of specialists to the system-genetic type, and the entire process of professionalization should be understood and explained as a process of system-genesis. In addition, in relation to information activity, it is presented in its specific form — as metasystem-genesis, since it also includes the formation of such competencies that are localized outside the activity itself and have the character of meta-competence formations — soft-skills.

Introduction. There are a number of contradictions in education when the knowledge, skills and abilities obtained at an educational institution do not satisfy the labor market. In general, training in the specialty “Graphic Artist (easel graphics)” can be interesting and useful for those who want to work in the field of art. To be successful in the labor market, it is necessary to develop not only your abilities, but also marketing skills, job promotion and order search. The article analyzes the competencies of future graphic artists with specialization no. 1 “Graphic artist (easel graphics)”. The analysis of the contingent of art and pedagogical institutions leads to the conclusion that the specialty is in little demand. Theoretical analysis of the problem of professional competence formation of future graphic artists identified components and indicators of professional readiness of future graphic artists. Conclusion. In conclusion, it can be noted that the peculiarities of the formation of professional competencies is a multifaceted process. These peculiarities may be related to the individual characteristics of students, the specifics of the profession, as well as the peculiarities of the educational process. An individual approach to students, the use of modern teaching methods and orientation to the real needs of the labor market will help to effectively form professional competencies of future specialists in any field.

Relevance of the study. The development of professional intellectual abilities during training in higher education institutions is a relevant and modern scientific task. This is due to the fact that modern sectors of the economy require specialists with a high level of professional intelligence and systemic knowledge of their specialty. The technological and innovative nature of armed conflicts, military actions and special military operations require a future officer to have a highly developed intellect and the ability to effectively think in different conditions. The purpose of the study was a comprehensive study of the essence and structure of professional intellectual abilities of future officers of the National Guard troops in theoretical and practical aspects. Method and methodology. The declared comprehensive study of the essence and structure of professional intellectual abilities of future officers of the National Guard troops in theoretical and practical aspects was based on modern developments in the field of improving training in higher education institutions, the formation, education and development of personally significant and professional qualities of future officers, the objectification of the value-semantic sphere in the subject-social reality. The methods used in the work were general logical techniques and methods of scientific knowledge, as well as theoretical and empirical ways of obtaining scientific knowledge in a pedagogical context. Research results. the relevance of the problem was proven; the need to develop tools for developing professional intellectual abilities of future officers; provisions on the effectiveness of pedagogical conditions; the structure of professional intellectual abilities of a future officer and the essence of the pedagogical program for their development were revealed; scientific ideas about the modern educational environment as a factor in the development of professional intellectual abilities of future officers were expanded. Scope of application of the results. The scientific results of the work formed the basis for the development of the module «Development of professional intellectual abilities of an officer of the Russian Guard»; served as a scientific and methodological basis for clarifying the results obtained under the main educational program «Legal Support of National Security», «Translation and Translation Studies», «Military-Political Work».

The paper discusses the formation of communicative competence of law students in practical classes in a foreign language using a functional and conceptual approach. The author identifies the leading principals of higher legal education and identifies the basic needs of law students in order to improve their professional training and select the relevant content of the discipline «Foreign language in the field of jurisprudence». Distinctive features of the functional and conceptual approach in teaching a foreign language and the effectiveness of its use for the formation of foreign language communicative competence in the professional field are taken into account. The developed structural and functional model of the formation of communicative competence has been successfully tested within the framework of the studied discipline. The control of the studied topic in the form of a step-by-step organization and role-playing game showed a high degree of assimilation of educational material by students and the ability to apply it in practice, which confirms the effectiveness of using a functional and conceptual approach in the process of forming the communicative competence of students of legal specialties.

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to update data on the specifics of the activities of cadet sailors due to rapid changes in the organisational structure of modern society and understanding the role of this profession in it. The purpose of the study was to reveal the psychophysiological and individual psychological determinants of adaptation and their interdependence in the context of professional activity of novice seafarers. The paper uses methods of theoretic and methodological analysis, psychodiagnostic survey, and Pearson’s correlation analysis methods. As a result of the theoretical analysis, four groups of factors of professional adaptation were identified: psychophysiological, individual and psychological, socio-psychological, organisational and structural. Based on these factors, an empirical study was organised, which revealed the relationship between indicators of psychological stability, self-confidence, adaptability, and tolerance to ambiguity. It was determined that psychological resilience is associated with the parameters of passion, resourcefulness, optimism, and the level of expression of motivational components of professional activity of cadets, determined by the motives of life support and self-realisation. Disturbances in health, in particular in terms of exhaustion, emotional and vegetative instability, anxiety and fears, and maladjustment, affect the effectiveness and quality of value, emotional, volitional, social and informational regulation. The most common symptoms of health disorders among cadets on a voyage are vegetative and emotional instability, sleep disturbances, less pronounced symptoms of maladjustment such as addictions, anxiety, and fears, and the least pronounced symptoms are psychophysical exhaustion and willpower disorders. The paper contributes to the psychological science of professional and personal adaptability of the individual in extreme conditions. The study is of practical value for sociologists, teachers, psychologists, psychotherapists and doctors, who can contribute to solving problems of maladaptation in the labour sphere

Purpose. The article is devoted to the problem of motivational readiness towards the professional activity of cadets in the universities under the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the need to improve the training quality in the field of public order protection, protection of citizens' interests and control over compliance with the rule of law in all spheres of society. The subject of the analysis is the motivational readiness formation peculiarities towards the professional activity among cadets of universities under the Ministry of Internal Affairs (on the example of the Federal State Public Educational Establishment of Higher Training «Nizhniy Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation» cadets). Methodology. The research is based on the methodology of the study motivation at the University by T.I. Ilyina and the methodology of value diagnosing orientations in the career "Career Anchors" by E. Shein. Results. The obtained research results allowed us to identify the dynamics of the leading motives, as well as to identify a group of the most significant value orientations of students of the Nizhniy Novgorod academy of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, underlying their mastery of the future profession: service orientation (the need to benefit people, society), integration of lifestyles (a successful combination of personal life and career), professional competence (constant self-improvement and improvement of one's professional level) and challenge (willingness to act in extreme situations, take responsibility for solving complex tasks). Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the process of preparing and conducting classes in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as by practicing employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The existing uncertainties in modern social life cause personal and mental stress in the field of communication and joint activities of people. The subject of the research is socio-psychological competence of sociology students. The purpose of the work is to study the existing ways of forming this competence in the process of teaching students at higher education institutions. In turn, in order to achieve the original purpose, the authors formulated the following objectives: to identify the current problems connected to the social competence, to consider the existing psychological culture of sociology students, and to explore the contemporary approaches to the formation of professional competence of sociology students. In order to fulfill the purpose and the corresponding objectives, the authors studied scientific articles written by other Russian researchers as a methodological basis and also considered the information contained on the Internet. Due to its own specifics, the topic is used in the process of teaching students at higher education institutions. This topic has been relevant throughout history, and therefore it seems necessary to continue research in this field. According to the research results, the following conclusions were made. The existence of ways of forming the professional competence of a future specialist allows us to identify options for improving the socio-psychological competencies of sociology students in the process of training at higher education institutions. Due to diverse approaches, it is possible to determine the manifestation of personal psychological culture most accurately. Educational institutions at the same time act as one of the main factors that influence socialisation and formation of the psychological culture of a sociology student during their education.

The problem of student`s innovative professional formation in the context of the implementation of an individual educational trajectory in a higher educational organization is considered in the paper. The relevance of the study is determined by the transformation of the conditions of functioning of higher education in the knowledge society; an increase in need of employers for graduates with a set of necessary beliefs, knowledge, skills and abilities for the development and implementation of innovations, taking into account existing features and changing trends of the professional environment. The main research methods are the analysis and synthesis of scientific data, research results in the fields of transformation of higher educational institutions and individualization of the learning process; generalization and systematization of scientific facts and statements. As a result of the research, the authors have revealed the concept of student`s innovative professional competence and proposed the structure in the context of the implementation of an individual educational trajectory, integrating value-motivational, instrumental-technological, research, creative-reflective, interactive-communication and academic-entrepreneurial components. The indicators highlighted by the authors in the competence structure will allow assessing the formation of each of the components for their further development.

The purpose of our research is to show theoretical basis of the formation of the image of world of future translator; to describe scientific approaches to the study of the image of the world of the person of future translator; to show psychological understanding of the Image of the world of the personality of future translator related to the concepts of development, activity and personal growth; to assess the formation of students’ motivational sphere in the paradigm of the image of the world of the person of future translator. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. The ascertaining research was used as an empirical method. The results of the research. We proved, that as for “the desire to work with foreigners or abroad without an interpreter”, “to improve one’s material situation thanks to the knowledge of a foreign language”, these motives were dictated, first of all, by social changes in our life, increasing the authority of a foreign language among other disciplines due to the expansion of international relations. Students with good language training rate utilitarian motives more highly. A higher level of knowledge of a foreign language gives them greater confidence in these goals. All these motives are formed by the Image of the World of the personality of future translator. Conclusions. The analysis of the motivational sphere of students of the experimental and control groups made it possible to conclude that the motives for learning a foreign language are quite diverse, but all of them are highly valued by students. Students with developed Image of the World of the personality of future translator have aspirations and hopes to acquire new and necessary knowledge for their professional activities. However, they still cannot fully assess their capabilities, without having a sufficient level of knowledge and skills to carry out translation activities at a professional level.

Background. Currently, in connection with the reform in the system of higher education, studying characteristics of the university teacher that are the basis of ability to be a subject of work is a relevant task. Professional activity is one of these characteristics, which is a predictor of professional and personal development. Based on this, the need to study the structure, factors and dynamics of professional activity of university teachers is obvious. The study of this psychological phenomenon will give us the opportunity to create an effective system of methods for the development of professional activity. Objective. The goal is to study and describe objective and psychological predictors of professional activity in university teachers, compiling a professional activity equation. Studi Participants. 445 teachers from different universities in Russia, 150 men and 295 women aged 24 to 83 years were involved in the study. Methods. We used the following methods: research questionnaire of professional activity and a form on professional activity, a questionnaire of formal-dynamic properties of temperament by V.M. Rusalov and a questionnaire “Differential type of reflection” by D.A. Leontyev. Results. It has been shown that the predictors of professional activity include gender (β = 0,10; F = 28,25; p = 0,00; R2 = 0,34 for research questionnaire of professional activity; β = 0,16; F = 9,06; p = 0,00; R2 = 0,14 for a question form on professional activity), experience of pedagogical activity (β = 0,21; F = 9,06; p = 0,00; R2 = 0,14 for a question form on professional activity), formal-dynamic properties of individuality: total level of activity (β = 0,20; F = 28,25; p = 0,00; R2 = 0,34 for research questionnaire of professional activity; β = 0,18; F = 9,06; p = 0,00; R2 = 0,14 for a question form on professional activity) and reflection: systemic reflection (β = 0,31; F = 28,25; p = 0,00; R2 = 0,34 for research questionnaire of professional activity; β = 0,15; F = 9,06; p = 0,00; R2 = 0,14 for a question form of professional activity) and introspection (β = –0,34; F = 28,25; p = 0,00; R2 = 0,34 for research questionnaire of professional activity; β = –0,15; F = 9,06; p = 0,00; R2 = 0,14 for a question form of professional activity). Conclusions. The development of professional activity is determined by natural qualities, namely the general level of activity on the one hand. While, on the other hand, qualities that indicate the maturity of the personality as systemic reflection also determine professional activity. The data can be used in the development of professional activity training. Of course, the objective parameters and properties of temperament cannot be corrected. However, we can take them into account in our work, providing an individual approach, and focusing on the development of systemic professional reflection.

In contemporary society, social work faces a serious problem of a shortage of qualified professionals. This shortage caused by the low prestige of the profession and significant professional burnout among practicing social workers. Professional burnout, a result of chronic stress and emotional exhaustion, negatively impacts the quality of services provided, deteriorating the overall quality of life for both the specialists themselves and society as a whole. The article examines this issue in detail, focusing on the role of coping strategies in managing stress and preventing burnout. The authors of the article pay special attention to adaptive coping strategies, such as seeking social support, positive reevaluation, and the development of professional skills, which help to cope with professional challenges and reduce the risk of developing professional burnout. The study utilizes diagnostic methods for assessing the level of professional burnout and coping strategies among social workers in the city of Karaganda. The results show that effective coping mechanisms can play a crucial role in preventing or mitigating the symptoms of professional burnout, improving the psychological state and professional well-being of social workers. The article offers a number of recommendations aimed at developing educational programs and organizational policies to support social workers, including art therapy and training in the use of effective coping strategies. These measures are directed at increasing the resilience of social workers to stress, developing skills for actively coping with professional challenges, and preventing burnout. In conclusion, the authors emphasize that the integration of effective coping strategies into the practice of social work is a key factor in the resilience of professionals to stress and burnout, contributing to the improvement of the quality and effectiveness of the services provided and the retention of qualified specialists in the field of social work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of the understanding and perceptions of university students about the skills necessary in human life and professional activity (using the example of entrepreneurial skills). The relevance of this study is determined by the need to study the degree of understanding by university students of what skills, in the conditions of modern society and the labor market, which imposes new requirements, it is necessary to possess for successful life, as well as professional human activity. The purpose of the study is to identify the real state of the university students' understanding of the skills necessary in human life and professional activity (using the example of entrepreneurial skills). The method of student questionnaires was used in this article to obtain the results of the study. The article presents the results of the ascertaining experiment to study the understanding and perceptions of university students about the skills necessary in human life and professional activity, conducted with students of the Academy of Physical Education and Mass Sports. The procedure for conducting the study is described, as well as the analysis of the results of the student questionnaires. The practical significance of this work lies in the fact that it can serve as a basis for the development of programs for the development of entrepreneurial skills of students at higher education institution, thereby increasing the competitiveness of future specialists in the labor market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The work of the commanders of units of the National Guard Troops, aimed at protecting the health of their subordinates, acts as one of the most important components of the management activities of the commanders of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation. The results of the effectiveness of the work of the commanders of units for the protection of the health of subordinates of the Faculty of Special Forces of the Novosibirsk Military Institute of the VNG of the Russian Federation were studied and summarized. The focus on the health protection of subordinates lies in the fact that this is primarily associated with the performance of labor-intensive and specific functions by subordinates, and their performance in daily life of a wide range of tasks, as well as an increase in the service and combat load. The list of tasks assigned to the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation is determined by its diversity, and requires adequate management of subordinates at all its levels. The variety of tasks performed by servicemen (employees) implies possible deviations in professional behavior, as well as a weakening of physical abilities that they cannot always cope with on their own, which is why a serviceman, as a subject of health conservation, requires a special approach and study. Materials and methods. The questionnaire method was used as a method of collecting empirical data. In total, 90 commanders of units of different levels of the Faculty of Special Forces of the Novosibirsk Military Institute named after General of the Army I.K. Yakovlev of the National Guard Troops. Results. The study showed the leading role of unit commanders in the work of saving and maintaining the health of subordinates in the framework of managerial activities. It is assumed that the formed managerial competencies of commanders directly affect the level of safety and health promotion of subordinate military personnel. Conclusion. The existing system of health saving in the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation has specifics and determines the features of the formation of health-saving behavior of military personnel, reflecting the requirements of the military organization and characterized by a system of values, norms and attitudes. The conclusion is made about the presence of objective problems in the knowledge of the theoretical aspects by the commanders of subdivisions (mainly junior command level) of the legal framework of labor protection.

Background. New times, with its instability, uncertainty and ambiguity, determine the need for constant professional growth as a fundamental condition for ensuring the personal psychological vitality of teachers. In this regard, the study of psychological regulation of their professional growth is of particular relevance. Objective. The study had its purpose to find and reveal the nature of the relationship between subjective well-being of teachers and their attitude to professional activity, orientation to overcoming professional deficits. Methods. Ranking of the subjective complexity of professional development programs for teachers, the author's self-assessment questionnaire for professional deficits and the author's questionnaire for assessing subjective well-being (SWB). Sample. 655 teachers (145 men, 510 women) of three age groups: young, middle and older age. Results. The study considered subjective well-being at work as a regulator of activities to reduce professional deficits. An analysis was carried out by gender and age subgroups. It has been shown that the highest level of SWB is characteristic of male and older teachers. A high level of SWB is associated with a low importance of professional success, lower susceptibility to stress and restraint in the desire for professional growth. The choice of advanced training courses is mainly determined by professional deficiencies associated with teaching and educational methods. The desire for professional growth is most pronounced among the young teachers with a relatively low level of SWB. They put a great value to their professional success, the key to which is their professional competence and support of the teaching staff. Focus on professional success makes the factors like overtime, fatigue and health lose their significance. Exposure to stress is mitigated by team support. Such teachers choose challenging courses in information technology and tutoring. Conclusions. Subjective well-being at work serves as a regulator of teachers’ professional growth depending on the age and gender. The average level of SWB at work is optimal in terms of incenting for professional growth.

The aim of our research is to show the professional activity of the head of the educational institution as a sphere of formation of his/her professional creativity. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling and generalization. The results of the research. We believe that the professional creativity of a manager is a process of carrying out creative activity, because it is professional creativity aimed at solving tasks that are characterized by the absence of a solution method in a given subject area, or the absence of such a method in a given management subject. The latter can be explained by the lack of subjectspecific knowledge necessary for a specialist to solve this problem. In the process of implementing professional creativity, the manager becomes aware of new knowledge for him/her as a kind of indicative basis for further development of a method of solving managerial and professional problems and tasks. In professional creativity, at first, the manager is in some uncertainty: there is no clearly formed opportunity to develop new subjects of professional activity and, on their basis, to invent a way to solve the task; this kind of uncertainty is due to the absence of any other knowledge that will clearly determine the development in asking questions. Conclusions. The practice of the manager’s creative professional activity, its reflection in theoretical studies, allows us to conclude that professional creativity is a specific activity, which is characterized by a professional direction with the aim of finding new, non-standard, original and unique rational solutions, which facilitate a new solution to use creative problem tasks by individual tasks in the professional activity and their implementation into practice.

This psycho-pedagogical study featured advanced training of teaching staff as a means of adapting the modern educator to the transforming functions of teaching. The research objective was to describe the ideas that modern teachers have about their diverse professional functionality, as well as to identify related priorities and difficulties. The experimental part of the research aimed at revealing the technological methods that would make teaching productive. It relied on the theoretical and empirical analysis and synthesis, evaluation of students' activities, and a psychological and pedagogical experiment. The functional and role repertoire expanded under the following conditions: subject-subject relationships, active and interactive mode, innovative approach, and cooperation among teachers of all experience levels. The research results can be used to create and improve programs of advanced professional education in the teaching sphere. Teaching personnel should be provided with opportunities for a progressive, consistent, and constant development of their individual, socio-psychological, and professional skills to fulfil their teaching potential and functional repertoire.

Alexander Petrovich Petrov made a huge contribution to the development of wrestling and the Olympic movement, he became the first Russian to win an Olympic medal. In 1908 A. P. Petrov became a silver medalist at the IV Olympic Games (London) in French wrestling competitions. A. P. Petrov was at the origin of the creation of the concept of domestic physical education of students. He did a lot as a theorist and practitioner in the field of professional physical culture and sports education, working at the leading universities of the country – the State Pedagogical Institute named after A. I. Herzen and the Institute of Physical Education named after P. F. Lesgaft. He was engaged in the development of student sports, headed the Department of Physical Education of the Military Medical Academy. At the same time, the personality of A. P. Petrov and his contribution to the declared directions of physical education and sports are poorly studied and underestimated. Studying the biography of A. P. Petrov is important from the historical, pedagogical and local history sides, his name needs to be perpetuated and promoted. The new and available in scientific circulation information sources about the life of A. P. Petrov are analyzed, further directions of research of his personality are outlined. Research methods are analysis of scientific publications, periodicals, memoirs, archival materials, photographic documents, epistolary activity with experts, search method. Publications and other sources devoted to the facets of the personality of A. P. Petrov – sports, scientific, pedagogical, medical, forensic, stage, managerial, etc – were found and analyzed. It was proved that A. P. Petrov was the first Russian Olympic medalist. Previously unused sources have been introduced into scientific circulation, the burial place of A. P. Petrov was found. It is shown that A. P. Petrov was a very hardworking person, devoted to his chosen path, respected among his colleagues. The directions of further research of the personality of A. P. Petrov are outlined.

I n t r o d u c t i o n : the article presents results of the interdepartmental study covering cadets of educational institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service and the National Guard Troop. Development levels of two professionally important qualities, such as hardiness and life-purpose orientations, are determined. The study assesses graduate cadets’ readiness for professional activity, as well as the impact of the educational environment of departmental educational organizations on the formation of professionally important qualities. P u r p o s e : to identify the level of hardiness and life-purpose orientations of cadets of departmental organizations (case study of the Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penitentiary Service and the Saint-Petersburg Military Order of Zhukov Institute of the National Guard Troops). Methods: to study the stated characteristics of cadets of departmental organizations on a sample of 125 male and female persons (aged 21 to 25 years), the “Hardiness Survey” by S. Maddi and the “Purpose-in-Life Test” by J. Crumbaugh and L. Maholic, adapted by D.A. Leont’ev, are used. R e s u l t s : differences in the parameters of hardiness, challenge, commitment to educational activities and in some positions of lifepurpose orientations are identified and reasoned. A pattern is substantiated: the more active and productive a cadet is, the higher his/her vitality and sense of purpose, and vice versa. C o n c l u s i o n : the educational environment of departmental educational institutions has a positive effect on the development of professionally important qualities of graduate cadets. The data obtained have made it possible to develop proposals to raise hardiness and form life-purpose orientations.

The present paper is dedicated to describing the conceptual framework of contemporary English-language media linguistics, using materials from the informational educational news website, The PIE News. The PIE News serves as a vital conduit for disseminating information about professional activities, playing an increasingly pivotal role in the global educational landscape. In the current geopolitical context, there is a heightened focus on enhancing educational systems and reshaping the priority positions of professions within disciplinary policies. Consequently, the integration of new technologies into the educational process becomes paramount for the successful development of competencies required to train specialists in popular fields. The aim of this research is to analyze the linguistic characteristics of English-language mass media texts concerning international professional educational activities. The scientific novelty of this study lies in its examination of the functional potential of linguistic markers within the texts. The authors have identified that educational discourse is manifest not only in the body of the publications but also in their headlines, affirming the axiological orientation of the contemporary professional landscape. The analysis of linguistic markers reveals that the metaconcept ‘Education’ encompasses concepts such as “updated educational programs,” “methods of financial support,” “expanding the global network of educational centers,” “collaborative initiatives,” and “enhanced competitiveness.” The linguistic features of these markers are characterized by various abbreviations, providing evidence of the universal principle of language economy in modern virtual mass media discourse. However, these abbreviations, while efficient, can occasionally complicate information comprehension. As a result of this study, the authors draw conclusions about an emerging trend in education characterized by the development of short-term educational projects, primarily in a distance format, combined with professional activities, thereby fostering greater workforce training mobility within the modern labor market.

The article is devoted to the research of the motivational component of municipal employees’ personal and professional qualities. It reveals their concept, content and role in the functioning of local self-government bodies. The correlation and interdependence of municipal functions is shown, the professional activity of municipal employees and its psychological content in the management of municipalities are presented. The research relevance is due to the complexity of socio-political situation for Russia in modern conditions, where the implementation productivity of state tasks at the local level of government largely depends on municipal servants. The study purpose is to establish the relationship between the indicators in the motivational component of municipal employees. The identified results of the empirical research indicate the presence of multiple interrelations between the indicators of the motivational component, indicating their organization and consistency, which makes it possible to recommend further ways and directions for development of the above qualities to improve the functioning productivity of local government productivity.

With the release of a package of state-level regulatory documents during the perestroika years, which set a new vector for the development of domestic education and, among other things, set the task of enriching the ideological, theoretical, humanitarian content of higher education, the reform of the country’s higher education began, which continues in waves to this day. The powerful flow of articles, reports, dissertations devoted to the humanization and humanitarization of engineering education, which has gushed since that time, does not weaken. The experiment has shown that artificial intelligence ChatGPT-4 generally gives an adequate idea of the current issues in this area of engineering pedagogy. In the article, for the first time, this task is projected on the formation of students’ engineering thinking of a humanitarian orientation, which is necessary to ensure their effectiveness in the labor market in especially cardinal changes in technology and the organization of engineering activities, used with an exponentially growing scale of the use of artificial intelligence and robotics in it. The idea is being developed that engineering thinking is inherently inseparable from the humanitarian one, which sets its direction, and the idea put forward by P.G. Shchedrovitsky’s hypothesis about programming as a dominant way of thinking of an engineer in an emerging new technological formation, which is based on goal setting with the subsequent design of an “activity tree” as a projection of a tree of goals. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the regularity of the organic strengthening of the humanitarian focus of engineering thinking in the course of the ongoing industrial revolution and the need to focus engineering pedagogy on this trend, based on the author’s proposed refinements of ontologically established ideas about engineering activities.

Introduction: this article is devoted to the study of professional destructions of penal system employees, their prevention and relationship with success. This problem is particularly relevant, since professional activities of penal system employees are associated with difficult working conditions that require increased responsibility, psycho-emotional stability and high stress tolerance. Purpose: on the basis of theoretical and empirical research to determine directions of preventive measures to alert professional destructions of penal system employees as effective performance factors. Methods: psychodiagnostics with the use of the following techniques: V.V. Boiko’s method of diagnosing the emotional burnout level, K. Maslach’s method of diagnosing the professional burnout level, Yu.V. Shcherbatykh’s stress tolerance test, A.B. Leonova’s questionnaire “Degree of chronic fatigue”, A.V. Batarsheva’s questionnaire “Integral work satisfaction”, the method of expert assessments. Results: the article suggests that professional destructions of penal system employees have a number of features due to the specifics of professional activity. These problems are of particular importance for employees who work for a long time. It is this category of employees that is most at risk of professional destructions. Risks of professional destructions are revealed both in the professional activity of penal system employees and outside it. However, the relationship between the occurrence of professional deformations and the effectiveness of professional activity of penal system employees is proven. Conclusion: since professional destructions in the most general form are realized Prevention of Professional Destructions of Penal System Employees as a Factor of Successful Professional Activity 204 PENITENTIARY SCIENCE in all spheres of a person’s life, it is not correct to consider them separately from personal characteristics of a particular employee. Prevention of the occurrence of professional destructions should not be situational in nature, but should be regular and comprehensive. Prevention of professional destructions is more effective when it is implemented in various spheres (cultural, sports, creative, etc.), since it should be, on the one hand, large-scale and, on the other hand, personalized. Optimization of work tasks and harmonization of free time of penal system employees also reduce risks of professional destructions.

The fundamental positions of modern education are standardization and modernization, focused on solving the problem of increasing the state competitiveness through the training of competent per- sonnel for the development of the digital economy. Education, as a sector of the economy and social activity, is focused on the widespread use of Internet resources, the expansion of the capabilities of academic staff in the use of digital resources, communication in the digital educational environment, taking into account real economic trends. In the course of theoretical analysis and study of the ed- ucational practice of universities, objective contradictions have been revealed between the require- ments of legal acts regulating the creation of a digital educational environment in universities, and the insufficient development of essential characteristics of professional activity of academic staff in a university digital educational space. The search for a solution to the identified contradiction allows us to formulate the research problem: what are the features of the professional activity of academic staff in a digital educational environment that affect its effectiveness?The purpose of the research is to theoretically substantiate the main areas of professional activity of academic staff in a digital educational environment.The research methodology was based on the study of scientific information and the experience of pedagogical activity in foreign and domestic literature, the use of theoretical and empirical research methods, such as analysis, generalization, deduction.The results of the research are as follows the features of the digital educational environment of a modern university have been substantiated; the structural and content characteristics of the activities of academic staff in the digital space of the university have been disclosed.Key conclusions are: the key role of digital technologies lies in the innovative development of a higher education, namely, in the competence of modern university teachers to work in a dig- ital educational environment; structural and content characteristics of the activity of academic staff in the digital space of a university include a number of areas: interaction with the subjects of education in the electronic information and educational environment of a university, creation of electronic methodological tools for readable disciplines, the use of various forms of organizing training sessions in the electronic educational environment, the creation of a digital portfolio, etc. All this significantly expands the horizons of organizing educational activities in the digital educational space.

Social progress is largely determined by the degree to which digital reality is mastered by society as well as by the development and implementation of innovative technologies related to the use of artificial intelligence. Of particular relevance are issues related to the training of a new generation of specialists, who will be able not only to harmoniously fit into the current digital contexts of social life but also purposefully improve, develop and transform their professional digital tools. It is required to set and solve the tasks of developing students’ competences at a high-quality level, which implies pedagogical specification of the modern educational content. The aim of the study is to elaborate a didactic apparatus for revising the modern educational content for students majoring in the humanities and social sciences, taking into account the current contexts of professional activity in digital reality. The authors have formulated a hypothesis that, in order to prepare humanities students to solve the ever more complex tasks of professional activity and communication in digital reality, it is necessary to update the educational content on an interdisciplinary basis, bringing it into line with the digital contexts of professional activity in this field and introducing a new content outline. This can be done if the following tasks are solved: (1) to define the current areas of work of a specialist in the humanities and social sciences in digital reality and, on this basis, create a digital profile for such a specialist, i.e., an invariant set of tasks relevant in the context of digitalization as well as the corresponding competences; (2) to determine a set of disciplines that have the greatest potential for implementing the digital profile of such a specialist; (3) to substantiate the project of changes in the educational content for students majoring in the humanities and social sciences; and (4) to conduct an experimental test of the draft changes in this educational content. The nominal data comparison method, namely the McNemar test, was used. The solution of the above tasks allowed us: in theoretical terms, to lay the conceptual foundations for selecting the actual educational content for students majoring in the humanities and social sciences in digital reality and, in practical terms, to propose specific tools for updating the subject content. The obtained results confirmed the hypothesis of the study and ways to update the educational content on an interdisciplinary basis, taking into account the current contexts of the professional activity in the social and humanitarian sphere in digital reality.

For the first time, the thinking potential is interpreted as an intellectual ability of the subject to use any impulse in a constructive way. The relevance of the research lies in the given answer to the question of how this ability contributes to the awareness and involvement of all possible external and internal resources to complete the task in the context of the subject’s socialization and professionalization. The purpose of the research is to study the features of the thinking potential of professionals of the socionomic type. The study hypothesizes that there are different peculiarities in the formation and manifestation of thinking potential of teachers and medical workers. The study was carried out on a sample of pedagogical (n = 110) and medical workers (n = 106) (Yaroslavl). The sample of teachers: the average work experience in the profession is 10.1 years, and the total work experience is 15.3 years. The sample of medical workers: the average work experience in the profession is 13.3 years, and the total work experience is 17.3 years. The authors used such a research method as diagnosing the potential of professional thinking (for the professions of a socionomic type) (by I. V. Serafimovich, E. A. Medvedeva, N. V. Surina) in order to fix the components of thinking potential. To diagnose personal characteristics, the following methodologies were used: Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (by Ruth A. Bear, T.G. Smith, J. Hopkins, J. Krietemeyer, L. Toney) (adaptation by N. M. Yumartova, N. V. Grishina); the methodology for diagnosing subjective well-being of the individual (by R. M. Shamionov, T. V. Beskova); the methodology for diagnosing the level of emotional burnout (by V. V. Boyko). The study proves that all the components of the professional thinking potential and its general level are characterized by an average indicator of development. The results of the study show how teachers and doctors, having certain personal and cognitive characteristics, provide an effective solution to the urgent tasks in their professional activity through awareness, involvement and eff ective use of external and internal resources. According to the study results, definition of the thinking potential proposed by the authors can be equally applied to the thinking potential of both teachers and doctors.

The growing risks of financing terrorism in the conditions of martial law necessitates the strengthening of financial monitoring. Accountants, business entities providing accounting services, and their related entities of audit activities are among the specially defined subjects of primary financial monitoring. Determining the level of riskiness of financial transactions is an essential function of an accountant. It, therefore, requires measures to increase the general and special competence of accounting specialists in financial monitoring. The article aims to determine the approaches and directions of regulatory and methodical support of financial monitoring of accountants as specially defined subjects following international standards. The requirements of FATF international standards and the national regulation system of specially defined professions regarding the fulfillment of financial monitoring requirements were analyzed. Special attention is paid to studying the risk-oriented approach in the financial monitoring system. A comparison was made of the results of sectoral risk assessments regarding the use by subjects of primary financial monitoring for money laundering according to the National risk assessments. The dynamics of the number of individual entrepreneurs who provide accounting services and are registered with the State Financial Monitoring Service of Ukraine were evaluated. With the help of the Google Trends search tool, the results of national risk assessments and the level of interest in financial monitoring carried out by accountants in different countries were evaluated. An example of a risk matrix of client-accounting service combinations was presented, which can be developed based on a risk analysis of the experience and activities of an individual accountant. It was noted that the dilemma of the choice of accountants between the interests of the client and the requirements of financial monitoring is related to the professional judgment of accounting specialists and their increased functional responsibility within the limits of current legislation and international standards.

The article presents the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the meaningfulness of life and responsibility of medical workers. The diagnostic procedures used «the test of life-meaning orientations» and «Multidimensional functional diagnostics of responsibility (OTV–110) » [2, 10]. As a result of the study it was revealed that respondents are distinguished by a high level of meaningfulness of life, perceive their own life as productive, focused on achieving goals and effectiveness. It is shown that medical workers have a holistic understanding of the essence and various aspects of responsibility, are serious about performing of difficult and important tasks, react internally to possible failures in their professional activities, are sensitive to the difficulties and problems of other people. Connections of life-meaning orientations and parameters of respondents’ responsibility are established. In conclusion, it is stated that the results of the study may be useful in predicting the improvement of the professional efficiency of medical workers and planning opportunities for their further professional growth.

Currently, a teacher is assigned new roles, that of a designer, an organizer, a mentor. He/she is presented with academic freedom in designing and selecting the content of academic disciplines.The relevance of the research lies in the unresolved issue of how to design the content of education in higher education. The purpose of the research is to study the real state of the problem of pedagogical research related to the design of the content of general professional disciplines in technical universities. For this purpose monitoring of students studying general professional disciplines at a technical university has been organized and carried out.The main tasks are to identify students' ideas about the relationship between the content of general professional disciplines and the future profession, to determine the means to motivate students to study, to determine the forms and methods of teaching demanded by students.The research methods used are questionnaire, analysis synthesis, generalization. The Yaroslavl State Technical University was the experimental base. As a result, the data obtained will be used to identify conditions that will allow the formation of the content of general professional disciplines that correspond to the focus of training and allow students to effectively master the disciplines.Key conclusions: for further research on the problem of designing the content of a general professional discipline, it is advisable to pay attention to the following: mastering the discipline will be effective and fruitful if students have an awareness of the importance of new knowledge in their future professional activities; students need to show a visible connection between the discipline being studied and the rest of the disciplines of the curriculum; to increase the interest of students and orient the content to the direction of training, it is required to involve an employer in the educational process.

The article substantiates the relevance of assessing the quality of professional activity of the teaching staff of higher educational institutions in the context of the transformation of the educational process. A study of theoretical and methodological aspects of assessing the quality of work of teaching staff has been conducted. The key components of the category “quality of professional activity of the teaching staff” are identified and a definition based on the essential aspects of the selected components is formulated. The main trends characterizing the modern system of higher education (elements of the transformation of the higher education system) are also highlighted, their impact on the activities of teaching staff of higher educational institutions is analyzed and the emerging demands of the external environment for the qualification of teaching staff are highlighted. As a result of the study, the authors identified inconsistencies in the theoretical and methodological provisions of the assessment of the quality of teaching staff, in particular, inconsistencies between the normative and actual qualification and competence requirements for teaching staff in the conditions of transformation of the educational system.

The article studies the problem of the future specialist’s professional formation as a subject of professional activity, which is characterized by originality and peculiarity in the realization of labour functions. The aim of the article is to reveal the essence and content of the individual style of professional activity, its structure and formation mechanisms; determination of pedagogical terms that contribute to the shaping of the optimal individual style of future specialists’ professional activity during their professional preparation process. A complex of research methods has been used, namely: content analysis, generalization and specification in the provisions of the theory of activity and professional pedagogy regarding the essence of the individual style of activity, modelling of the structure of the individual style of professional activity, substantiating the pedagogical terms of its formation in future specialists during their professional preparation process. It has been established that the individual style of professional activity is a complex personal creation including a stable system of work methods and techniques, and determining a certain behaviour strategy in their labour activity. It has been shown that the structure of an individual style can be presented in the form of a content core and an extension to it; it is formed as a result of the action of mechanisms of adaptation, compensation and correction during the subject’s mastery of professional activity. It has been found that the individual style of professional activity can be characterized by means of the peculiarity of the ratio of the indicative, executive and control types of professional activity in its structure. It can be defined by way of procedural, personal originality, and productivity parameters, as well as one’s having the developmental, corrective and adaptive potential, and motivation in detecting and shaping the style. It has been emphasised that the style of professional activity, at the same time, is both a factor and a consequence of the person’s individual professional development. During the gaining professional experience process, the innate properties of the nervous system, and acquired intellectual, emotional, and behavioural qualities are integrated and a person’s distinctive features and individual abilities are formed ensuring their efficiency and productivity in achieving the results. It has been highlighted that such leading methodological approaches as systemic, personal-activity, axiological and acmeological ones are effective means to shape the future specialists’ individual style of professional activity. They make it possible to form not individual features or characteristics, but an integral dynamic psychological system of individual active adaptation to the conditions of the professional environment via involvement in the study and professional activities, taking into account personality traits and value attitudes and focusing on achieving the top of the professional mastery. Pedagogical terms for the formation of the future specialists’ individual style of professional activity have been identified and substantiated. They include taking into account the individual and psychological characteristics of future specialists, introducing means of complex differentiation to develop adequate self-assessment and attitudes in the performance of labour actions, purposeful formation of a system of rational labour methods, as well as creation of a positive microclimate and an atmosphere of co-creation and cooperation in classes, which will ensure the consolidation of original methods of carrying out professional activities.

The article is devoted to the organization of distance education for students of architectural specialties of universities. Designing a distance-learning model, which consists in the scientific substantiation of the structure and content of the distance-learning model for preparing students of architectural specialties. The article also presents an analysis of scientific literature, the purpose of which is to generalize knowledge in the field of distance learning and professional training in relation to architectural education. A historiographic analysis of the problem was carried out, the categorical apparatus of the study and the terminological base were specified, criteria and indexes of the formation of students’ preparation - architects for professional activities in the process of distance learning were identified.The problem lies in the scientific substantiation of the structure and content of the distance-learning model for students of architectural specialties of universities.The purpose of this paper is to develop and scientifically and pedagogically justify a distance-learning model for preparing students of architectural specialties.Research methods. To test the initial provisions and achieve the goals set at different stages of the study, the following theoretical methods were used: analysis of regulatory documents and psychological and pedagogical literature, historical and pedagogical analysis.The main part of the article reveals a distance-learning model for preparing students of architectural specialties. The distance-learning model includes the following blocks: target, which includes the goal of organizing distance learning to train students of architectural specialties; methodological, including system-activity, personality-oriented, axiological, competence-based approaches and their corresponding principles; meaningful, including readiness components: (motivational, cognitive, activity-practical, creative, evaluative-reflective), as well as pedagogical conditions: creating positive motivation for learning, the presence of educational communication, improving the student’s readiness to use distance learning technologies, providing stages training: information-theoretical, practice-oriented, integration; organizational and procedural, including organizational forms of distance learning for the preparation of students of architectural specialties of universities: synchronous, asynchronous; distance learning methods; means; learning technologies; diagnostic, including criteria and indexes: motivational, cognitive, activity-practical, creative, evaluative-reflective, as well as levels: receptive, receptive-reproductive, reproductive-productive, productive, creative; effective - including the results of the organization of distance learning for the preparation of students of architectural specialties.Conclusion. The concept of training students of architectural specialties of universities has been clarified. Preparation of students - architects for professional activities in the process of distance learning is a pedagogical process aimed at organizing the work of students - architects, contributing to the development of motivational, cognitive, activity-practical, creative, evaluative-reflexive components. A model of distance learning for students of architectural specialties has been developed, characterized by consistency, stability and integrativity of its constituent components: target; methodological; substantive, organizational and procedural, diagnostic and productive. The concept of distance learning model is disclosed. The ideas about distance learning have been expanded; the results and conclusions make a certain contribution to the theory of distance learning in terms of using the possibilities of distance learning to organize the educational process in an architectural university. The model of distance learning for students of architectural specialties is described.

The article analyzes the peculiarities of changing managers’ and employees’ skills in the conditions of emerging megatrends of the future that directly affect management processes. The six main skills of a manager that determine the effectiveness of his activities in the short term are presented. The article is based on the methodology of an integrated approach and system analysis. The theoretical basis of the article is the publications of Russian researchers devoted to the professional activities of managers, employees and their effectiveness. Familiarization with regulatory documents and government programs, methods of comparative analysis were chosen as research methods. The authors also used the method of expert assessments, normative and logical methods. The prospects for providing companies with professional staff are considered separately. One of the main criteria for the search and selection of new employees over the next 5–7 years will be work experience. In addition, a line of requirements for professional skills of employees is presented, focusing on individual significance for male and female managers. The information provided allows to navigate in the established directions of the development of personnel and managers competent profile to create professional teams of employees.

The article is devoted to the problem of identifying effective ways to train employees of internal affairs bodies to use physical force in difficult situations of official activity. The purpose of the article is the implementation in practice of situational training methods that contribute to the formation of skills in the use of physical force in difficult situations of official activity among employees of internal affairs bodies. The main conclusions and results of the work were scientific judgments on the importance of the development of professionally significant physical qualities, such as endurance, strength, speed and dexterity in the conditions of modeling operational and service situations of a police officer. According to the authors, obstacle courses are the most acceptable and generally available means for pedagogical modeling. The novelty in the work is presented by the authors in the interpretation of the methodology of physical fitness of a police officer, as close as possible to the activity of suppressing the actions of the offender.

The era of digital transformation implies fundamental changes in society, educational processes, professional activities and everyday life of people. This allows building economic relations in a new way, establishing cultural ties, planning, making and implementing decisions. Digital technologies are becoming an important tool for educational transformation and they affect the value of the digital system positively. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the introduction of digital technologies into the system of teaching students at the university. The empirical methods such as questioning, analysis, study and generalization are used in the research. The paper concludes that undergraduate students consider the active introduction of digital transformation into the educational process as a necessary component for acquiring modern digital competencies. The perspectives for the study lie in the introduction of modern digital technologies focused on the widespread use of active teaching methods that contribute to the deepening of the professional specialization of the educational process in the era of the digital economy. The scientific novelty of the paper bases on the fact that the authors examine the impact of digital technologies used in the process of teaching at a university on the degree of students’ readiness to enter a new educational space and to participate in the educational process based on the use of information, communication and digital technologies.

In the professional environment, socio-psychological adaptation to work occurs among workers, ordinary specialists and managers. The adaptation process is the most difficult for employees appointed to a managerial position for the first time. This is because they need not only to adapt to a new job, but also to choose a suitable management strategy, as well as to meet the expectations of subordinates and match their level. They should have such managerial skills to set correctly tasks taking into account the professional level of subordinates and their socio-psychological characteristics. The authors of the article consider the main problems faced by first-time managers during the socio-psychological adaptation to professional activity. The study presents the most effective mechanisms and tools that will make the adaptation of such employees as successful as possible.

The article deals with the concepts of «value», «value attitude», «value attitude to the profession». The classification of values on the basis of «attitude to the profession» is presented. The stages of formation of a value attitude to the profession are singled out. The characteristics of the factors influencing the formation of a value attitude to professional activity are given. The relationship between the concepts of «value attitude to the profession» and «patriotism» is determined. The analysis of the concept of «professional patriotism» is carried out. It is concluded that in educational institutions of higher and secondary vocational education, insufficient attention is paid to the problem of forming a value attitude to the profession received.

The article offers a view on issues of establishing a psychological-acmeological service in higher education, which would contribute to the level of training through improved personal-professional development of all the parties involved - students and teachers.

The article is devoted to the problem of increasing the effectiveness of mastering educational material in physical training classes in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The purpose of the article is to consider the features of organizing and conducting the main types of training sessions in the discipline of physical training. The article reveals the learning process with its general specificity and originality in the aggregate, as a whole; the main lecturer’s styles of presenting the material are singled out; stages of preparing a teacher for a lecture, features of preparation for seminars and practical classes. The structure of conducting a practical lesson in physical training in various sections of the discipline is considered; various methods of conducting training sessions are proposed; the sequence of performing exercises in the preparatory and main parts of the lesson and their approximate content, taking into account the characteristics of various sections of physical training, are considered; the content of independent work is described.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of adaptation and professional training of cadets – future officers in a military university. For these purposes, a comparative analysis of the staffing of the army with officers in the countries of the North atlantic Alliance and the Russian Federation was carried out. The article considers aspects of the ongoing work to motivate future officers for military service at the initial stage of training at a military university based on the identified features of their preparation and adaptation to the military environment. Difficulties of adaptation of first-year cadets to the educational process in a military university are clarified.

The purpose of our article is: to describe communicative and quasi-communicative techniques to develop students’ communicative competence; to show the reasons for bad quasi-communication; to describe the types of exercises that are inherent to each of the stages of the development of communicative competence of students of philological faculties; to show how the professional development of students, future translators, depends on their communicative competence. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. The results of the research. Professional activity is one of the most important ways for everyone to connect with the world, and for many people it is a real factor in building relationships with others. So, the main importance of leading activities in determining the life path of each individual is that it opens a person’s guidelines for inclusion him/her into new spheres of life in the society, introduces it to new social structures and allows to establish even more and the quality of social ties. Conclusions. The professional development is presented as a sequence of certain specific phases that differ by content and the form of presentation of professional desires. The way of career should be divided into five stages: growth, search, strengthening, stabilization and decline. The period of choosing a profession and the professional development is the second stage of this five-step model, which covers the age of 14 to 25 years and is characterized by the fact that the individual performs professional activities in different roles, focusing on his/her real professional opportunities. We should also note that professional development is understood by us quite broadly: it is the formation of a person’s idea of his/her professional career, and preparation for future professional activity, the initial process of professional activity and the whole career path, change in a career and retirement. The professional development of students, future translators, depends on their communicative competence that in a great degree depends on the processes of real, natural communication, which can be presented in a monologue and a dialogue forms, and also on the process of quasi-communication.

Introduction. Psychological research of professional activity has traditionally relied on ideas about its two main types – object-related and subject-related ones. In our previous studies, we emphasized the need for distinguishing an information-related type, which in the context of global informatization takes a central position (in practical terms) and has a high specificity (in theoretical terms). This study continues to identify this kind of specificity and considers it from the perspective of the metacognitive organization of activity. The results of this study represent the first evidence in favour of the metacognitive determination of job satisfaction which is characteristic of information technology professionals. Methods. The sample comprised 235 Russian professionals representing information-related and object-related professions. The study used the following psychological assessment tools: the Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire Job Satisfaction Subscale, the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory, and the inventory for assessing Integrative-Typological Personal Professional Orientation. Results. The overall level of metacognitive awareness is a reliable predictor of job satisfaction among information technology professionals. The overall level of metacognitive awareness and the level of metacognitive knowledge may represent a reliable predictor for job satisfaction among the respondents whose professional orientation is highly compliant with information technology professions. In contrast, metacognitive awareness exerts no effect on job satisfaction among representatives of object-related professions including respondents whose professional orientations are in high compliance with this type of profession. Discussion. We compared the results of this study with those from previous studies in terms of the level of metacognitive awareness, its interprofessional differences, and job satisfaction. We concluded that information-related professions have specific characteristics that distinguish them from object-related ones in terms of metacognitive determination of job satisfaction.

The article contains a theoretical analysis of educational and methodological publications devoted to the theory and practice ofpsychological counseling, as an academic discipline andfield ofprofessional activity. The study made it possible to identify the logic of the formation of the concept ofvarious aspects ofpsychological counseling, for the subsequent structuring of theoretical and methodological material in the designatedfield of psychological practice. In the methodological aspect, the substantive and procedural components of counseling were singled out, as didactic areas for training and improving the specialist deserved special attention. These components, in turn, are represented by structural units that presuppose a certain sequence of mastering the material and professional development.

The relevance of the research subject is determined by the tendency to implement the axiological approach in education to ensure the creation of a single space for the training of pedagogical personnel. This places a special importance on the issue of establishing a correlation between value expectations from the teaching profession. The aim of the study is to determine the value foundations of pedagogical activity as seen by teachers and learners. The sample of the study comprised 61 pedagogical class pupils and 425 teachers. The adopted methods involved the operationalization of the existing standards (educational and professional) and conceptual content analysis, which made it possible to develop an author’s methodology of explicating and updating values laid down by the educational and professional standards and adapt the MUSTtest for diagnosing values-goals. The results show that learners are mainly selffocused, while teachers give attention to creating conditions for their professional activity. The major values of the teachers include the ability to implement an individual approach to the child and knowledge of developmental technologies. The latter prioritizes knowledge of characteristics and technologies for creating a safe and comfortable educational environment. Teachers and learners attach an approximately equal significance to all values, but they set different personal meaning into them.

The article deals with the problem ofpsychological predictors of resilience in subjects in a situation of changing the type of professional activity. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that there are gender differences in the predictors of resilience, and conscious self-regulation makes a significant contribution to the system of indicators of resilience. In the process of implementing empirical research on the choice of 161 respondents (men - 90, women - 71), data were obtained on the gender characteristics of work motivation and its relationship with the integral indicator of resilience. Models of psychological predictors of resilience through the prism of the gender aspect were constructed using the method of modeling by structural equations. Empirical data are discussed that confirm the assumption that conscself-regulation makes a significant contribution to the subject's viability in a situation of changing the of professional activity and mediates the influence of motivational predictors.

The ongoing reforms of higher education, provide for changes in the purpose, content and organization of higher education systems, on the basis of updated Federal state educational standards of higher education, taking into account the professional standards that determine the professional activities of graduates who have mastered the bachelor's program, specialty, master's degree. The eco-oriented component of the professional activity of the teacher involves the inclusion of environmental concepts in the content of subjects, the expansion and deepening of the system of knowledge about the relationship in the system «man - nature - society», the development of ways of eco-activity, creative activities for the protection of nature, the formation of a positive experience of emotional and value attitude to nature, health, other people, family, Fatherland.

In this article the analysis of the main structural components of readiness of the teacher for work with the children who showed outstanding abilities is given, the main professional and important qualities necessary for effective work with exceptional children are analyzed (communicative, perceptual, etc.). The model of formation ofreadiness of the teacher for work with the children who showed outstanding abilities is also developed and described, methods of diagnostics of the main structural components of readiness of the teacher for work with children of this category are listed. The role of a system of professional development and self-education in development and improvement of a pedagogical reflection, communicative competence, increase in motivation to work with exceptional children is shown.

The article deals with the causal relationship of the influence of endurance on the performance of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the performance of their official duties for a long time. The article analyzes the concepts of physical endurance, examines the theoretical aspects of the development of general and special endurance, presents pedagogical means of restoring the working capacity of the cadets' body after performing official duties in difficult conditions. The objective necessity of unity of motivation ofprofessional duty with the developed physical endurance that provides eiciency of performance of professional activity, future employees of internal afairs bodies is proved. The main organizational and pedagogical directions in solving this problem are outlined.

Purpose. The article is concerned with the theoretical and empirical study of such a complex and at the same time pivotal phenomenon of personality as the psychological culture of a teacher-coach. This phenomenon is considered as the basis of successful coaching training activities of a teacher-coach with young athletes. This article presents an analysis and review of the leading approaches to the understanding of the content of psychological culture within the framework of academic psychology studies, as a result a lack of consistency in the interpretation of the definition of ‘psychological culture’ and its role in the professional development of a teacher-coach are revealed. Methodology. The goal of the study – to determine the content of the psychological culture of teacher-coaches and identify the predominant components of their psychological culture – is achieved through the methodology of subjectivity. The results of the study were gathered in one of the major sports schools of Nizhny Novgorod (Russia). In the empirical part of the study, a specially selected diagnostic complex of psychological techniques was used to determine the structural components of the phenomenon under study and to identify the role of each of them. The results of the diagnostics were processed using Spearman’s correlation analysis, which showed the significant interdependencies between the main characteristics of the phenomenon of the psychological culture of the teacher-coach and the importance of the structural trinity in the formation of the phenomenon under study. Results. The result of the study presented in the article states a direct connection between the distinct manifestation of the components of the psychological culture of a teacher-coach and the success of their coaching activities, i.e. the achievements of young athletes and also defines the psychological culture as a phenomenon of personality that affects the professional success in coaching activities.

isclosure of the mechanisms of psychological stability in employees of security department of correctional institutions. Since the professional activity of security department employees has a sociogenic and stressful nature due to a number of parameters, the predominance of the impact of stress factors over the mechanisms of mental stability in many cases leads to negative implications such as the development of psychological burnout, social maladjustment and personality deformation. Aim: to determine internal mechanisms that reduce adaptive capabilities and factors that promote them, to study the features of psychological resistance to the action of social and stress factors in the security department employees, depending on the length of their service. Methods: we study the mechanisms of psychological stability of employees and the parameters of models of stress states with the use of the following methods: “Neuropsychic stability” (“Forecast”) technique developed by V.Yu. Rybnikov (1990), a method for assessing professional burnout developed by C. Maslach and S. Jackson (1986), innovative multifactor methods for assessing basic professional typologies of stress and spirituality of an individual according to K.B. Malyshev (2021). Conclusions: the results of the study show that social stress among security personnel is one of the most traumatic forms of stress and it corresponds to the concept of professional stress. Moreover, the essence of the concept of psychological stability is associated with the study of subjective features 660 SCIENCЕ AND PRACTICЕ JOURNAL of the phenomenon of disequilibrium of life activity – stress. Stress reflects the entire range of basic conditions – health and development, maladjustment and pathology. The data obtained in the study indicate the disharmonic nature of psychological adaptability (pseudo-adaptation) to the action of social stressors in employees with ten years of service experience. At the same time, the majority of respondents, in contrast to employees with a period in service of up to five years, have basic professional types of stress and spirituality, which indicates a low level of their socio-moral value orientations. This makes it necessary to develop innovative approaches to the prevention of professional stress and burnout among employees at all stages of their professional activity on the basis of the subjectsubject paradigm in the development of the intention to form spiritual and moral values in an individual.