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Background. Topicality of the topic an important device of the aircraft air conditioning system is the automatic pressure control system for the pressurized cabin, which includes a number of devices, but one of the main ones is the exhaust valve. The electromechanism of the aircraft pneumatic valve includes two brushless electric motors that control the damper, with rotor position sensors based on a magnetically controlled Hall effect microcircuit. inside the electronic control and monitoring unit of the pneumatic valve as close as possible to the object of protection, i.e. the Hall sensor. The pneumatic valve must pass the test for susceptibility to transients caused by lightning, according to the qualification requirements KT-160D in category A3, which means the third level contact test. A protection element was chosen in the form of a TVS diode (voltage limiter), which is installed in the power circuits and on the logic signal lines from the Hall sensors. Materials and methods. An electrical circuit of lightning protection against transients on the domestic element base has been developed, its practical implementation in the form of a printed circuit assembly for installation in the pneumatic valve electromechanism has been presented. The operation of the lightning protection circuit against transients was simulated in the Multisim software package, for which SPICE models of domestic elements and a microsecond pulse generator circuit were developed. Results and conclusions. The simulation results of the pneumatic valve lightning protection confirmed the operability of the proposed solution.

The article is devoted to the history of the formation in the Russian legislation of thequalification requirement for judges to have the higher legal education. The analysis of the normative acts is carried out in conjunction with the brief consideration of the question of the development of legal education in Russia in XVIII–XX centuries. The author provides the sample data on the educational level of Russian judges for the years 1851–1990.

The article addresses the impact of the Head of a forensic organization in productivity and quality of forensic activity. It shows the Head’s competencies that will enable the improvement of informational and technological support and the establishment of favorable financial policy of the institution, which will have a positive effect on the judicial process, protection of citizens’ rights and legitimate interests. The necessary qualification requirements for the position of the Head of a forensic organization are reviewed, as well as the functional chart of his activity.

The content and existing practice, the approach and provisions adopted in official methodological documents for assessing the qualifications of personnel, as well as the content and parameters of qualification requirements for employees during their certification have been considered. In light of this and in the light of the ongoing work on the development of professional standards in all sectors of production and the economy, the competency-based approach implemented by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in higher professional education has been analyzed. As a result of this analysis, the shortcomings of conceptual provisions and an approach to assessing the level of professional preparedness of university graduates, to determining and accepting the general economic and professional competencies of graduates of the bachelor and master level have been revealed. Suggestions have been made for adjusting the content of the methodological support of the educational process in terms of assessing knowledge and preparedness for the practical work of graduates of vocational education institutions.

The article continues the discussion on issues of development, perfection and practical application of professional standards. Raised the question interconnected updating professional standard “Accountant” and educational programs for preparation accounting staff. It critically discusses taken now the main approaches to the evaluation of proposals for changes in professional standards and proposes measures to improve the adequacy of the provisions of the standard “resume” the requirements of employers and the real needs of the practice of economic work. It proved the feasibility of a broad interpretation of the role and functions of the accountant in this standard, as well as the inability to meet the requirement of the universal applicability of labor accounting functions for all organizations, regardless of their scale of operation and organizational legal form. The necessity to ensure compliance with the standard set forth in the “Accountant” qualification requirements and are able to ensure their educational programs.

The article is devoted to the functional changes of the modern human resources departments, to the comparison of special elements of the system of human resources management in soviet period and nowadays, standardization of the qualification requrements to the public servants and the implementation of the strategic human resuorces management in public administration. The author studies the practice of use of the Handbook of the qualification requirements to the prosessional qualification and education and skills for public service considering the area of working and the method of competitive selection procedure for public service validated by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 31, 2018 No. 397.

The effectiveness of the activities of public authorities directly depends on the level of qualifications of their personnel, the ability and willingness of employees to resolve complex problems in the dynamically developing and more complicated conditions of reforming the system and the methods of public administration. One of these areas of reform has been the intensive introduction of project management techniques in activity of executive bodies. The implementation of the project approach has to provide maximum economic efficiency and positive social impact in conditions of limited resources, to allow to effectively manage priorities and changes in the activities of state bodies. The implementation of project management techniques in executive bodies is accompanied by a sufficiently extensive set of legal and methodical documentation, taking into account the superstructure in the form of international standards, and these documents together set a rather high bar in relation to the qualifications of civil servants in the scientific methodology of project activities, legal and applied competence in matters of project management. In this connection, the issue of optimization of the system of qualification requirements for civil service positions is becoming topical.

Higher legal education is a necessary component of the legal profession, a guarantee of professional competence of the lawyer. It plays an important role in social development, the environment for the formation of lawyers of the new generation. The analysis of the content of the concept «higher legal education» revealed the existence of serious problems of legal regulation of this category, since the diversity of its interpretations significantly affects the possibility of citizens realizing their rights, in particular labor, which is closely linked to the presence / absence of a certain level of higher education. The current legislation does not contain a single definition of the term «higher legal education». It is mentioned in the Constitution of Ukraine, as well as in several laws of Ukraine. However, his definition in these documents is different, sometimes not very correct, and sometimes not at all. In this regard, some citizens are deprived of the opportunity to realize their constitutional rights, including the right to work. Thus, the absolute majority of regional bar councils refuse to accept documents and register information about assistant attorney to those who have received higher education at the first (bachelor) level of higher education instituted after the Law of Ukraine «On Higher Education» No. 1556-VII of 01.07.2014 entered into force. The above is related to the false interpretation of the notion of «higher legal education» contained in the Law of Ukraine «On Higher Education» No. 2984-III of 17.01.2002. This contradiction, in our opinion, is a disadvantage of lawmaking technique, which should be eliminated by introducing appropriate changes to the existing standard acts of legislation. The necessity of such adjustments, in our opinion, is justified because a clear delineation of qualifying requirements to the person who carries out professional activities regulated by special legislative acts, adds an element of certainty and will clear a guide for seekers of higher education. Summarizing, we note the inexpediency of defining the notion of higher legal education by the names of specialties. More reasonable and appropriate practices leading powers would be the recognition of higher legal education (within the meaning of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, which contain this term), higher education gained on educational programs, which during the accreditation recognized as providing an education that meets the qualification requirements for the occupation of certain positions. In this case, special conditions of accreditation of such programs may be provided, in particular, taking into account the results of the unified state exam and evaluation programs involving members of the professional community. In the future, after the establishment of the State Register of Qualifications, the conformity of education with the existing requirements for candidates for certain positions can be achieved through the corresponding marks in the register, which will be done on the basis of accreditation of educational programs, which will be assigned these qualifications.

Russian universities aim at developing their own programs along with increasing the international mobility. Cooperation with recognized English-speaking professional associations (ACA, CFA, ACCA) and making use of their learning materials, exams and certifications is an important factor though so far underestimated. Teaching manuals of the above associations are not expected to contain scientific novelty but they are well styled and include components of abstracts, tests, problem solutions and essays written in the thoroughly edited English language. In this they have an obvious advantage over heavy-style university textbooks or the Business English manual simplifications. Advisable for borrowing is the practice of multiple complex exams rather than the single State Final Examination not unfrequently followed by paid re-examinations ousting traditional hardships of motivating a fee-paying student. The strict methodological support and taking some exams under control of associations offer a contrast to a softer practice of national universities and are more in line with the Unified State Examination of the latest years or the IELTS. The third highest level exams by their form and required skills may be useful for the Russian PhD programs and PhD minimum exams. It is important to understand the specifics of the preparation for a professional English exam which requires every-day systemic diligence instead of our traditional session rush as well as a different number of hours depending on a course and acquired students’ knowledge. All the above is analyzed based on the author’ experience of program accreditation, adjustment of academic disciplines to domestic cases and regulations, engagement of our teachers as the methodologists and interpreters.

The paper reviews the international experience in the implementation of various types of professional legal representation with a particular focus on administrative proceedings. The author examines the issues related to the limitation of the legal possibility for representation in court without having the attorney status (professional legal representation in the form of full or partial attorney monopoly) as well as special requirements for education and legal experience both for persons providing legal support and individuals independently representing their interests in court without the involvement of representatives. The current legal regulations abroad follows the “tough” way of introduction into litigation proceedings (including administrative ones) of various institutions of professional legal representation up to the full attorney monopoly.

His article studies the problems of legal regulation of relations, connected to the establishment of qualification requirements for posts of state civil service of the Russian Federation. It fully analyzes the qualification requirements for a post of the state civil service of the Russian Federation containing some egulatory gaps that reduce the value of the principle of professionalism and competence of civil servants. The article points out the lack of elaboration of qualification requirements to the level of professional education, professional experience, field of study, knowledge and skills that are necessary for the performance of official duties. It highlights the proposals for changes to the federal legislation concerning the regulations in this sphere, based on the analysis of the legislation on the civil service of the Russian Federation and the statistics.

This article gives a brief assessment of the current management education crisis and presents the author’s approach to its maintenance and development, based on the assumption that the management objects are technical, socio-economic systems, and socio-political processes. Accordingly, the requirements for the maintenance of curriculums of the trainings for the management specialists in the university, the ratio of the technical-technological disciplines in economics, organization and production management, socio-political relations organization and management are determined. The post-graduate management education is also considered.

In this article the legal status of the Flight Control Officer is investigated, the legal and regulatory framework governing the activities of the Flight Control Officer are analyzed. It is concluded that the Flight Control Officer is the subject of the special legal relationship determined by standards of the legislation.

The domestic experience of employees' collective formation in the past was to a much extent based on the state system of personnel training, when the enterprises were provided with personnel by plan. The transition to the market economy nowadays has not resulted in the formation of a purposeful advanced system of personnel training. The generation of employees who obtained training in the Soviet period, when both the demand and training were planned, is now reaching the retirement age, and there is no trained substitution for them. This is especially true for the Russian industrial enterprises.