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The concept of attitude towards objects of immovable cultural heritage, formed more than a century ago, is relevant today, based on the premises that these material objects form an objective value in the perception and understanding of any individual, any society, any civilization. The purpose of the article is to conduct a preliminary analysis of the problems that form the understanding of the value of cultural heritage, preservation and careful treatment of it in the modes of restoration activities and restoration work. Achieving the goal can be the solution of a number of problems regarding the proper state protection of objects of immovable cultural heritage and the necessary assistance from the state, public institutions and international organizations, as well as taking into account the assigned status of the object in the matter of rescue, restoration and gentle scientific restoration. Currently existing directions and developments in a comprehensive assessment of architectural monuments of the past, observation methods, active comparative studies, and statistical measurements are considered as methodological and instrumental approaches to solving emerging problems. The results obtained by the authors included a study of the complex interaction and isolated influence on the category of value of such significant features-factors as evaluation criteria such as cultural and collective memory, historical reputation in their meaning for the self-identification of society and in the development of strategies in the field of preservation of cultural heritage objects and their use in the exploitation of the recreational potential of the destination by the tourism business. Examples from domestic restoration and construction practice and Western European experience, used to minimize the negative consequences of the increasing anthropogenic load on the territory, are discussed. At the end of the material, prospects for further research are indicated and the necessary conclusions are drawn.

Introduction. The development of the sub-regions of the Republic of Crimea is characterized by a difference in the performance indicators of the enterprises of the tourism industry. The paper examines the differences in the efficiency of the activities of tourism enterprises in the Crimean subregions. Resource asymmetry in the region is considered as such reasons. Methodology. As a correlation with the territorial concentration of resources, the return on total capital is used, which characterizes the efficiency of the use of all assets of the enterprise. The study used methods of correlation analysis to establish this relationship, where the factor (cause) indicator is the resource asymmetry of the region. Other methods of statistical research (sampling, data grouping) and general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, systematization) were also used. Results. As a result of the study, one can note a higher efficiency of enterprises in subregions with a greater concentration of potential. Territorial concentration of potential characterizes unequal conditions for the development of enterprises in subregions. As a result, Greater Yalta, Greater Alushta and Feodosia are developing at a faster pace than other sub-regions of the Republic of Crimea. It has been established that subregions with a high level of concentration of natural and historical and cultural potential are characterized by a higher efficiency of tourism enterprises in the subregions. The result of assessing the dependence of the return on total capital and the level of territorial concentration of natural and historical and cultural potential turned out to be 0.73, which indicates a close connection between the indicators, assessed on the Chaddock scale. Conclusions. The results of the study can be used in planning the development of areas of activity and types of recreation in the Crimean territory in accordance with its resource asymmetry. This study is necessary to assess the prospects for the development of the tourism industry in the region as a whole. ДЛЯ ЦИТИРОВАНИЯ: Pavlenko I.G., Bukreev I.A. Subregional Features of Entrepreneurship Development in the Recreational Sphere // Research of Economic and Financial Problems. 2023. № 1. 2. http://doi.org/10.31279/2782-6414-2023-1-2-1-8

Aim. Study of a group of biochemical parameters of the hepatopancreas and gills of the Black Sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. and the functional indicator of cardiac system adaptivity of mussels from Sevastopol bays with different levels of recreational and anthropogenic impact.Methods. Mussels were collected from four Sevastopol water areas (Kruglaya Bay, Kazachya Bay, Matyushenko Bay and Cape Khrustalnii) in autumn 2018. The bioindication methods used were based on application of functional (cardiac system adaptability) and biochemical indicators (antioxidant enzymes activity [AEA], aminotransferases, the alkaline phosphatase [AP], and products of the lipid peroxidation [LPO] and protein oxidation [PO]) of mussel tissues. The hydrochemical parameters of the investigated areas were determined.Results. The anthropogenic impact on a complex of biochemical indicators of mussels at the sampling sites was shown. At the same time, low values of mussel heart rate (HR) recovery time (Trec) (less than 60 min.) in all sampling sites demonstrated the efficiency of biochemical changes in mussels and the possible use of all tested bays as recreational areas.Conclusion. Results of the present research allow the characterization of the ecological status of these Sevastopol sea water areas and to make recommendations about their rational use. Matyushenko and Kazachya Bays are most suitable for beach recreation and recreational fishery. Kazachya Bay also has favourable conditions for the development of water sports. Kruglaya Bay and Cape Khrustalnii are less ecologically safe and require a series of actions to improve water quality.

The article analyzes the recreational resources of Kharkiv region. It is noted that its recreational resources due to the territory, geographical position, presence of a combination of natural, anthropogenic, technical, socio-economic complexes should be effectively used for tourism development in order to develop and restore the spiritual and physical forces of a person, to help increase both labor efficiency and the level of satisfaction with life. A detailed analysis of all types of natural recreation resources shows the possibility of development of thematic tourist areas by the districts of Kharkiv region. 70% of the natural reserve fund of Kharkiv region consists of different-profile wildlife preserves: botanical, entomological, hydrological, ornithological, forest, general zoological, hunting – of both local and national significance. It is noted that in the Kharkiv region there is a significant recreational potential, which is not limited by objects that have received the official status of national or regional importance, but still can lead to interest from potential users of tourist services. Analyzing the recreational resources of Kharkiv region leads to the conclusions, that in the region are fully present all types of natural and cultural-historical recreational resources for development of all types of tourism. There are favorable geographical conditions for creation of thematic tourist areas and directions by the districts of Kharkiv region. Registering, elaborating programs for preservation and development by the State institutions of different levels of wildlife preserves, protected nature areas, historical monuments, architecture, monumental art, etc. provide for their existence, but lack of financing inhibits the restoration, along with creation of appropriate infrastructure. Therefore, for the development of tourism in the region it is necessary to attract investments from enterprises and individuals.

Among all the natural resources available in Odesa Region vacationists prefer beaches and associated entertainments. Quality and general ecological condition of the beaches in addition to the potential and actual beach capacity are key factors for tourist flow to Odesa Region and its socio-economic development. In order to substantiate the recreational and tourist development of the territory an economic and logistic evaluation of its resource base should be carried out. This will make it possible to determine an input tourist flow which dictates the volumes of required tourist infrastructure and material and technical facilities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate recreational potential of Odesa Region’s beach zones. To achieve this, all main natural and anthropogenic factors determining the recreational potential of the coastal zone were analyzed. The study is also based on scientific researches in the field of recreational and tourist activities made by well-known experts, on the existing regulatory frameworks and results of the authors' own research works. For the first time, recreational capacity and logistic potential of Odesa Region’s beach zones were estimated. Based on this estimation multiple conclusions about the most promising areas for future development of the recreation sector were made. It was determined that favorable climatic conditions, considerable length of beaches and other natural and recreational resources allow us to speak about good prospects of the Odesa Region’s coastal zone for various forms of recreation including thalassotherapy. In fact, thalassotherapy opportunity (first of all, beach recreation) is a very important factor of attractiveness for vacationists visiting the Odesa Region’s coastal zone. According to our research, Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, Tatarbunarskyi and Lymanskyi districts are the most promising ones for recreational development. The total capacity of the beaches here even exceeds the districts' own population. Conducted recreational zoning of the Odesa’s Black Sea coast established that, based on the natural recreational factors, out of 9 recreational microdistricts only 3 of them may be classified as favorable, with 5 being relatively favorable and 1 – completely unfavorable. But, from the perspective of sea water quality, some microdistricts (Luzanivskyi and Arkadiyskyi) do not meet sanitary standards during the period of intense precipitation. It was found that there is a need for expansion of beach areas as well as a need for regulation and redistribution of the recreational and tourist flow. In order to increase recreational attractiveness of Odesa Region, regional and city administrations should pay more attention to the ecological conditions of beach areas of the Black Sea coast. The obtained results may be used by the Department of Culture and Tourism of the Odesa Regional State Administration, divisions of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine in order to assess the recreational potential of the Odesa Region’s beach areas.

The article characterizes topical issues of development of tourism industry, illuminates the modern tendencies and strategic directions of the tourism business in Ukraine. The main directions of macroeconomic strategies to enter foreign market of tourism services have been suggested. It is proved that the optimal mechanism for development of international tourism in Ukraine is the policy of support towards a constant development by means of promoting and implementing efficient measures of the State regulation on the base of elaborating and accepting a uniform target program of tourism development which should be balanced regarding the tourist flows and the resources-based possibilities in Ukraine.

The Republic of Mordovia is a multinational region of the Russian Federation. For centuries, Russians, Mordovians (Moksha and Erzya), Tatars, and others coexist peacefully on its territory. This necessitates the development of ethnic tourism, the area of tourism with a pronounced ethnic identity in the Republic. It can be distinguished as internal and external ethnic tourism. For the research of the development of ethnic tourism in Mordovia, the authors employed general research analytical methods (comparative, functional, natural history, etc.) and a survey as a tool for collecting primary sociological information. The survey was conducted in all municipal districts of the Republic in September 2017. The most famous objects of ethnic tourism are the ethnographic Museum complex “Mordovian Courtyard” and the Museum of Mordovian folk culture; they are the most visited sites. The percentage of people who know about the Center for National Culture in Old Terizmorga village and Podlesno-Tavlinskoy Children’s Experimental Art School is quite high. The prospects for the development of ethnic tourism can be assessed as favorable, since there is a high percentage of those who would like to visit other objects of ethnic tourism as well. The conclusion is made about further development of internal and external ethnic tourism in Mordovia.

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Since January 1, 2019, the Russian Federation has entered the global medical tourism market thanks to the approved federal project "Development of the export of medical services". The level of attractiveness of a country as a global destination for medical tourists is determined by a number of factors: the level of medical technology, transport accessibility, proximity to donor countries of foreign patients; the level of realization of export potential, international reputation, medical marketing; the level of healthcare organization, international staff training, etc. Among the factors determining the success of the country as the destination of medical tourism, a special place is held by the recreational complex, spa treatment. The level of development of the recreational complex within the framework of medical tourism performs several tasks at once: it provides a full cycle of medical assistance to foreign medical tourists - from outpatient admissions and in-patient treatment to rehabilitation and recovery; sanatorium-resort treatment and rehabilitation are considered not only as an integral part of the complex of medical services, but also as an independent promising direction for the export of medical services by domestic health resorts. Also, the fight against the consequences of COVID-19, when hundreds of thousands of neighboring states citizens need qualified rehabilitation, can become a driver for the development of the sanatorium-resort complex of Russia. The purpose of the study is to identify bottlenecks in the development strategy of the recreational potential of the regions of the Russian Federation and make suggestions for its improvement. The number of foreign patients who received medical care from January to May 2020 in the federal districts is 729,000. This indicator was achieved during the pandemic, and therefore does not reflect the true potential of rehabilitation as an element of the full cycle of medical care for foreign patients. The target audience for rehabilitation programs is up to 100,000 foreign patients.