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The article is aimed at forming a system of risk assessment and neutralization and analyzing their impact on the process of intellectualization of management of the holistic development of industrial enterprises of the railway transport machine-building. The results of the research show that the scale of the economic crisis negatively affects the activities of industrial enterprises of railway transport machine-building, reduces their efficiency of production and increases the level of influence of risks of different etymology of origin under the influence of both the internal and the external factors. The usage of traditional methods and instruments to avoid and neutralize risks in the new economic environment does not produce the desired results. Analysis and assessment of the risk impact do force the industrial enterprises of railway transport machine-building to introduce provisions of modern riskology, which need an active position directed towards comprehensively limiting the risk in their activities. It is possible to assess the optimal level of risk and develop an effective management model through the formation of intellectual-innovative theoretical and practical risk management issues. The proposed scientific-practical approach to reducing and neutralizing risks in the process of intellectualization of management of the holistic development of industrial enterprises of the railway transport machine-building includes the identification of the causes of risks and their types with the aim of constantly monitoring, assessing, analyzing and forming efficient managerial solutions for their maximum neutralization. Risks can be both potential sources of additional profit and carry losses for industrial enterprises of the railway transport machine-building.