Search

In this paper, it is shown that, despite a tremendous number of sanctions that significantly modify the conditions of financial and economic equilibrium in Russia, the basic mechanisms, priorities and construction of the goals of the financial and economic policy have not changed. This is especially true for monetary and fiscal policy. The analysis of the parameters and results of budget planning for 2022–2023 has been carried out. Although there are no catastrophic failures of macroeconomic indicators according to the Ministry of Finance in 2022 and the official projections of the 2023 budget do not promise an increase in problems, the discrepancy between the actual possibilities to increase revenues and the imperative requirements to increase budget expenditures signal a serious deterioration of the budget situation, which requires urgent and adequate solutions. The author discusses the prospect of the state budget deficit turning into a permanent phenomenon accompanying the country’s economic development for a long period, due to the indefinite period of revenue suppression and acceleration of state budget expenditures, the reasons of which are long military expenditures and the duration of restructuring the structure and mechanisms of global and subglobal financial and economic interactions. In this paper, estimates of the budget deficit, which are alternative to the official data, have been made; estimates of real sizes and dynamics of budget deficits are proposed; and the concept of hierarchy and target concentration of budget expenditures is argued. The main tools for financing budget deficits (the National Welfare Fund, ruble devaluation, money emission, government borrowings) are analyzed, the possibilities and potential limits of their use are shown. It is shown that all of them, except domestic government borrowings, give a short-term effect and at the same time have a negative impact on macroeconomic equilibrium. The possibilities, direct and indirect consequences of the policy of reduction of budget expenditures are considered

The article is aimed at defining the peculiarities of formation of revenues of local budgets of Ukraine under current conditions and providing proposals for further increase of financial capacity of local self-government bodies. The article highlights the methodology for calculating the tax autonomy of local self-government bodies, focuses on the need to strengthen the financial potential of territorial communities. The structure of the revenue side of local budgets of Ukraine during 2013–2022 is studied. It is found that under the conditions of decentralization, the highest share in the structure of local budget revenues belongs to tax revenues, their share has increased from 33.36% in 2015 to more than 60% in 2020–2022. In connection with the reform of the model of the State financial support for the healthcare sector, the medical subvention, which was credited to local budget revenues, was repealed. The implementation of this affected the reduction of the fiscal importance of inter-budgetary transfers – their share in local budget revenues decreased by more than 10 percentage points. Personal income tax revenues are characterized by the largest fiscal effect among tax revenues. The full-scale military invasion in Ukraine in 2022 led to a significant increase in the number of military personnel, which, together with an increase in the level of their monetary support, affected a significant increase in personal income tax revenues. Local taxes and fees are a certain indicator of fiscal autonomy of local self-government bodies, and given the above, it is important to realize their fiscal potential. The average value of the share of local taxes and fees in local budget revenues of Ukraine during 2013–2022 comes to 22.70%, and there is a tendency to increase the values of this indicator. The article substantiates proposals to increase the fiscal significance of property tax. In particular, this concerns the filling of the State register of real rights to real estate and the State land cadaster; timely and regular normative monetary valuation of land; transfer of certain functional powers regarding the administration of property tax (formation and sending of tax notices on tax payments; introduction of payment accounting) to local self-government bodies; improvement of institutional mechanisms of interaction between local institutions and tax authorities.

The relevance of studying the dynamics of regional tax revenues to the regional budget is conditioned by the need to analyze the budgetary and tax potentials of the Irkutsk region in the modern period, assess budgetary independence (dependence) on federal assistance, to determine the further development potential of this region. The purpose of the study is to establish the role of regional taxes in the formation of the regional budget of the Irkutsk region at the present stage of development. To achieve this goal, an analysis was made of the receipt of tax and non-tax revenues of the regional budget for the period from 2016 to 2021. Both general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, classification) and special ones (method of economic analysis, statistical-economic method) were used. The general structure and dynamics of tax and non-tax revenues of the subject is shown; analyzed income from regional taxes for the specified period. The indicators characterizing the share of regional taxes in the total amount of regional budget revenues, as well as the volume of gratuitous receipts are given. It is conclusions are drawn that the tax on the property of organizations is the fundamental one, the share of which in the total amount of regional taxes on average for the period under study is 86%. At the same time, the share of regional taxes in the total volume of regional budget revenues is small (11.8% in the pre-crisis period from 2016 to 2018 and 8.1% in 2019–2021). The impact of the crises of 2019 and 2020 is shown on income dynamics. It was determined that in 2021, despite the positive dynamics in most indicators, the volume of regional taxes remained at the level of 2018, and the level of subsidization of the region has increased significantly over the past 3 years.

The subject of the study is theoretical aspects and practical proposals regarding the strategic directions of development of enterprises and institutions of social infrastructure in the countryside under conditions of decentralization. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical principles and practical recommendations regarding the directions of development and increasing the efficiency of the functioning of enterprises of the social infrastructure of rural territorial communities in conditions of decentralization. The methodological basis of the article is the methods and approaches of economic, institutional and theory of sustainable development. In particular, historical, monographic, economic comparisons, statistical-economic, systemic-structural analysis and synthesis were used. Results of the article. As a result of the research, it was found that the main problems of the enterprises of the socio-cultural sphere, respectively, and the strategic directions of development relate to the optimization of their placement and ensuring operation and proper maintenance; expansion of the range of services and their optimization and new forms of provision; development of new sources of financing, motivation of personnel and intensification of community cooperation in socio-cultural activities. The directions of the development of educational institutions relate to improving the quality of educational services, improving the content and organization of training, financing, including and on the principles of implementing the "New Ukrainian School" concept; ensuring budgeting and filling of preschool education institutions with children; increasing the prestige and preserving the network of professional (vocational and technical) education institutions on the basis of duality of education, improving educational programs in cooperation with employers. The directions of development of medical institutions in the village related to the spread of family and insurance medicine; improvement of primary medical care forms; introduction of innovations in all types of services and financial income "according to the patient". Field of application of results. Conclusions and practical recommendations can be used in the activities of social infrastructure enterprises; business and public organizations; territorial communities and their leadership; the educational process of institutions of secondary special and higher education. Conclusions. A comprehensive analysis of the problems of the development of enterprises and organizations and institutions of the main sectors of social infrastructure in the village (socio-cultural, educational, medical) made it possible to come to the conclusion that they were and in many cases remain acute and require an urgent solution; have different manifestations in accordance with sectoral and territorial characteristics; depend on the effectiveness of the management decisions of the management, community specialists, and the active civic position of all their members. Meanwhile, it is decentralization that allows them to be solved most productively, systematically and in a short time. The financial resources and authorities available to communities already provide and can provide in the future the main strategic directions of the development of social infrastructure enterprises: optimization of the number, placement and capacity of institutions and forms of service provision; introduction of innovations directly into the main activity, management and organization, investment and their modernization.

The article offers a view on various features related to the evaluation of internal control services in public companies. Based on the interrelation identified between the level of internal control system in public (municipal) companies and the violations detected in the area of inter-budgetary transfers, there is a methodology developed for evaluating the performance of internal control services at companies subject to public financial regulations.

The purpose of the study is to determine the role and significance of measures for the management of financial resources of local budgets. The objectives of the study include: conducting a theoretical study of management issues and the formation of financial resources of local budgets, studying the financial reports of the regions of Kazakhstan, statistical processing of the data obtained.Materials and methods. In the process of preparing the article, the issues of introducing the fourth level of the budget, on the participation of citizens in budget planning were considered. The authors analyzed the financial reports of the regions for the execution of the 2019 budget. In the process of preparing the materials for the article, the authors used the information of the website of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan, analytical statistical materials, and scientific works of scientists of Kazakhstan.The following research methods were used in the work: theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalization), empirical (observation), statistical analysis, etc.Results. The public financial management system, in particular, has been the subject of large-scale reforms in recent years aimed at strengthening the country’s strategic development potential. In recent years, the orientation of budget planning to results has noticeably improved. The priorities of the “model of socio-economic development of the country” are agreed by the government and put forward by the Ministry of National Economy, and are duly reflected in the annual strategic plan of each ministry. Based on recent reforms, the programs outlined in the strategic plans are broadly aligned with the budget programs of the ministries, and management responsibilities in each province have been clarified.In recent years, important changes have occurred in relation to access to information, an online portal “Open Budgets” was developed, a civil budget was introduced, and centralized guidelines for their preparation were presented.Since 2018, Kazakhstan has introduced a fourth budget level for local governments. 90% of these budgets are formed from taxes and payments by residents themselves. Since January 1, 2020, in the cities of regional significance, villages, settlements and rural districts of the Republic of Kazakhstan with a population of 2,000 people and below, an independent local government budget has been introduced. In 2020, the corporate income tax (CIT) from small and medium-sized businesses as a revenue item was transferred from the republican budget to the local one. Thus, CIT receipts will be credited to the republican budget only from large business entities. Also, the maslikhats (local representative body) of the regions have the right to establish the standard for the distribution of CIT from small and medium-sized businesses between the regional and district budgets.Conclusion. Effective management of budgetary resources in accordance with the current budget policy should be guided by the implementation of the general goals facing the country’s budget system: impact on economic growth and employment, ensuring the economic and political functions of the state.The main priority in planning government revenues and expenditures is the well-being of citizens of Kazakhstan, namely, their social support, health and education, as well as creating conditions for high-quality post-crisis economic growth. Therefore, it is especially important to note the role and importance of measures to manage financial resources of local budgets.

In connection with the expiration, in 2020, of basic regulatory and legal acts coordinating the implementation of the decentralization, it is needed to actualize and determine further directions of reform of the public finance management system. The purpose of the article is to determine efficient methods and directions of further improvement of the financial equalization system in Ukraine in order to form progressive local budget resource model, which by more balanced socio-economic development of municipalities will meet the needs of the population. The article addresses the essence and main components of financial equalization as a tool of budget regulation. The contents of the fiscal imbalance, horizontal and vertical equalization, evolution of methods of removal of fiscal disparities are highlighted. A European approach to overcoming the effects of the unequal distribution of potential sources of the financing of expenditures of bodies of local self-government is characterized. Features and invariance of reform of the public finance management system on the basis of decentralization, renewal of the financial equalization mechanism are considered. As a result of research, the effects (achievements and shortcomings) of the functioning of tools of vertical and horizontal equalization in the budget system of Ukraine implemented as a result of reform of fiscal decentralization, are analyzed. Basic recommendations aimed at further strengthening and establishing a stable local budgets base being a foundation for the whole budget system and a financial basis for local self-government, are proposed, on the strategy of improving the financial equalization mechanism that will provide achieving a balance of the interests of all participants in inter-budgetary relations.

The article is concerned with studying the peculiarities of formation of the economic potential of united territorial communities. The article is aimed at defining the essence and exploring the components of economic support for the activities of united territorial communities. Approaches to the economic development of territorial unions and their financial support in terms of local economic development are systematized. The main factors of local economic development are defined. The categories that constitute the economic security of territorial unions, the order of formation of local budgets are disclosed. Changes in the Budget Code of Ukraine, which impact the formation of budgets of the united territorial communities, are determined. A comparative analysis is carried out and the dynamics of the growth of revenues of local budgets of the united territorial communities are trcked on the example of Cherkasy region. Among the obvious categories that can influence the processes of formation of the local budget are the peculiarities of administrative-territorial units. The analysis of individual financial indicators of performance of the budgets of the united communities in the context of the regions of Ukraine is carried out. The main advantages of this method are to determine the degree of financial autonomy of associations. Factors of influence on the financial viability of community are defined. It is found out that the economic autonomy of community depends on the financial resources that form the local budget and the factors influencing its build-up. The economic life support for the united territorial communities is the basis of local economic development and a priority for local governments. Strengthening their financial independence affects the socio-economic development of the region and the State as a whole.

The main objective of this study is to identify the characteristics of methods for regulating inflation processes in an open economy. In this regard, the article discusses in detail such issues as, features of inflationary processes in an open economy, the specifics of the impact of external factors on the level of inflation. On the example of the economy of the Republic of Tajikistan, the peculiarities of the influence of the dynamics of the exchange rate and foreign trade factor on the inflation rate are considered, the main factors influencing the dynamics of the national currency exchange rate are identified, the problem of regulating inflation tendencies in conditions of high import dependence is studied.The theoretical basis for this study was the work of foreign and domestic scientists on the problems of inflation in an open economy, the impact of the exchange rate on inflationary processes, and the anti-inflationary monetary policy under conditions of high import dependence. Statistical data of the National Bank of the Republic of Tajikistan website - www.nbt.tj and the Statistical Agency under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan - www.stat.tj for 2000-2019 were used as an information database.Results. The main factors of inflation in an open economy are identified. The mechanism of direct and indirect influence of foreign economic factors, in particular the exchange rate on inflationary processes, is investigated. The main factors of inflation and the mechanism of their influence on the example of the Republic of Tajikistan are investigated. The significant influence of external factors (imports, cash flow, exchange rate, dynamics of the Russian ruble) on inflationary processes and economic development of the Republic of Tajikistan has been revealed. The study shows that import is a factor that holds back inflationary trends in the country, external cash flows form domestic demand, influence the dynamics of the Somoni rate, and thereby affect the inflation rate. The significance of the Somoni exchange rate in regulating inflation processes has been determined. Significant influence of external factors on the formation of the Somoni exchange rate also was revealed. Based on the correlation and regression analysis, a close relationship is established between the dynamics of the Tajik Somoni and the Russian ruble. The article studies the peculiarity of the use of monetary policy in order to stimulate domestic production and export.The results of the study show that in the conditions of the Republic of Tajikistan, foreign economic factors, in particular the exchange rate, largely determine inflationary trends. On this basis, an objective need arises to maintain the stability of the national currency in order to curb inflation and ensure the stability of economic development. The study showed that the dynamics of the exchange rate of Somoni largely determined by external than internal factors. For this reason, the presence of a significant effect of the exchange rate on inflationary trends in the long term may lead to undesirable consequences that are associated with the problem of regulating the exchange rate.

The main objective of the study is to identify the peculiarities of inflation trends in the context of large import dependence, as well as finding the ways to solve the problems of inflation and import dependence. In this connection, the article discusses in detail such issues as the specifics of inflation processes in the context of globalization, the interrelation between inflation and the foreign trade factor, the interrelation between inflation and the exchange rate. The peculiarities of inflation trends, as well as the interrelation between inflation and import dependence, are examined on the example of the economy of the Republic of Tajikistan. The theoretical basis of the study was the work of foreign, in particular Russian and native scientists on inflation issues in an open economy, inflationary tendencies in the context of globalization, the interrelation between inflation and integration processes, as well as the problems of import dependence. The statistical data of the Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan - www. stat.tj, the data of the website of the National Bank of the Republic of Tajikistan – www.nbt.tj were used as the information base for the years 2003-2016. Results: The positive and negative influence of the foreign trade factor on the level of inflation in the Republic of Tajikistan has been revealed. The positive effect of the foreign trade factor is the following: in conditions of a significant increase in the incomes of the population and a lack of domestic production potential, the import helps to reduce the large inflationary pressure that arises from the growth of domestic aggregate demand. On the other hand, the import becomes a factor that covers the domestic commodity deficit because the domestic production of the republic still cannot fully meet the aggregate demand for consumer goods. The negative impact can be attributed to the following: in the context of large import dependence, the increase in the prices of imported goods leads to the transmission of inflation, and there is also a significant impact of the exchange rate of the national currency (somoni) on the value of imported goods and, accordingly, on inflation. The negative consequences can also be attributed to the fact that the high import competitiveness creates barriers for the development of domestic production and acceleration of the import substitution process. Low import-substituting potential significantly reduces the positive effect of the devaluation of the national currency. To effectively use the policy of depreciation of the national currency in order to stimulate the development of domestic production, it is necessary to create conditions for a mobile reaction of domestic production to the devaluation policy. For this reason, there is a need to find the ways to reduce the growing import dependence of the republic. One way to solve this problem can be the timely use of a significant increase in the incomes of the population as a stimulating demand for accelerating the development of domestic production. The results of the research show that today the presence of large import dependence makes the economy of the Republic of Tajikistan vulnerable to external factors and contributes to the emergence of inflationary trends. Large import dependence increases the risk of transmission of international inflation, creates barriers to the development of domestic production, and reduces the effectiveness of the application of the monetary policy in order to accelerate the importsubstitution process.

The question of an essence and types of the government fiscal policy on different stages of economic cycle are investigated in this article. The main types of fiscal policy in Ukraine during 1991-2015 years on the different phases of the economic cycle are described in the given research.

This paper examines the current situation in the regulation authority for the formation of the revenue side of the budgets of municipalities, as well as an analysis of local government reform. The directions of development of the system of fi nancial support of local budgets, which will help to meet the diff erent needs of local communities.

The article is devoted to the study of mechanisms to organize relations inside the budget system of Ukraine and Europe effectively, namely through developing theoptimal balance between the central government budget and the budgets of local governments. The decentralization issue is examined in the context of reforming the inter-budget relations in Ukraine; particular attention is paid to fiscal decentralization, the indicators determining the level of the public power decentralization in the country. Domestic and foreign rates of income and expenditure of the central government and local governments, their shares in the consolidated budget of states, and proportions are analyzed under specific criteria. Trends to generate the revenue part of the local budgets of Ukraine and European countries are studied, the peculiarities and problems of this process are defined. The experience of Europe and Ukraine on types of taxes that are part of the local budget revenues is examined. The structure of tax revenues of local budgets is considered, potential areas that allow increasing these revenues in the structure of local budgets of Ukraine due to foreign experience are identified. Particular focus is given to the second largest source of revenue of the local government budgets. The dependence of local budgets on transfers in Ukraine and Europe is analyzed to determine the most effective elements and changes in local government in European countries that would be appropriate to introduce into the national budget system.

The article analyzes the differences in the formation of revenues and expenditures of local budgets in Ukraine and Germany. The analysis of the composition of income and expenditure of budgets of different levels in Ukraine and Germany is provided. The significant role of transfers in the revenue of local budgets in Ukraine is proven.

Copyright of Central Asian Economic Review is the property of Narxoz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to the Budget Code the budget process in the Russian Federation includes the following stages: drafting of a budget project; consideration and approval of the budget; budget execution; preparation of a report on the budget execution and its approval. The given stages are carried out in a strict sequence and are closely interlinked. The approved budget is in force during the budget period, which in the Russian Federation lasts 12 months from January 1 to December 31. The budget is adopted for the mediumterm period of three years. On December 11, 2013 the Vologda Oblast Legislative Assembly members adopted the oblast budget for 2014 and for the planned period of 2015 and 2016 in the final reading. According to the Chairman of the Budget and Taxation Committee of the Vologda Oblast Legislative Assembly A.V. Kanaev, the project of the oblast budget is drafted in difficult economic conditions due to a negative impact of a significant public debt, a need to implement the May Decrees of the President and provision of local budgets balance. The article analyses the Vologda Oblast budget prospects for a three-year period. It is indicated that the regional budget for the upcoming budget cycle differs from the budgets of the previous years, since it is set in the program structure of expenses on the basis of 21 state programs approved by the Oblast Government. Budget execution is to reveal advantages and disadvantages of this innovation. The article states that the most significant risk for the regional budget system is a 2014 expected excess of the threshold limit of the state debt by 2% regarding to their own revenues volume. All the described above is to happen against the background of tensed inter-budgetary relations with the Federal Centre, caused by the decrease in revenue (in relation to gross domestic product) and the federal budget deficit rise. The article singles out key qualitative and quantitative properties of the budget cycle, which the region has entered since 2014. The complex of measures to increase the regional budget revenue base is suggested. It is calculated that the proposed measures implementation is to attract 9.5–13.6 billion rubles a year in the budget system of the Vologda Oblast. Such an increase in the own revenues of the budget is to cover 44% of social overhead costs

In the article dynamics of a parity of impellent interactions kinds in group exercises of rhythmic gymnastics, on the basis of the analysis of strongest world teams compositions (XXVI - XXIX Olympic Games) is presented. It is established that the commands applying for high competitive result, should show the various techniques of transfers of all types at prevalence of transfers by throw. In view of constant development of techniques and detailed elaboration of refereeing criteria of the group exercises, a traditional technique can not to provide high level of perfection of techniques of impellent interactions. Application of multimedia technologies can essentially reduce terms and raise efficiency of their perfection process.

The economic nature, the essence and the economic and legal framework for intergovernmental relations as a factor of budgetary and financial sustainability of local communities in Ukraine are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the study of intergovernmental relations under conditions of economic reforms,expenditure and principles of delimitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]