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The paper aims to present the development of the „theology of liberation", its influence and the conflict with the official position of the Roman Catholic Church. Whether this idea is defeated or suppressed or brought into line, depends on the way in which its development and influence is observed. What kind of answer does the „theology of liberation" put to the question of the suffering of the poor layers? In the first part of the paper, we presented the basic settings of the social learning of the Roman Catholic Church given through certain encyclicals. In the second part, we presented the birth, development and content of the „theology of liberation", as well as its methods and main representatives. In the third part, a conflict with Holy Stolz was shown, which ended with the defeat of Latin American theology. The emphasis is on the relationship between the idea of „theology of liberation" and the official study of the Roman Catholic Church through the prism of relations between the representatives of Latin American theology and the officials of the Holy See. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]