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In today's turbulent world faced with growing number of threats and challenges on an ever larger scale, it is becoming evident that a way out should be sought in the development and application of science and profession, because only their results can stabilise the world. However, in the current processes of scientific and professional research, various barriers are encountered, primarily related to insufficient methodological elaboration of connections and relations between scientific and professional research, the end results of which reduce the quality and efficiency of these two most important agents of development. For these reasons, the study of the relationship between the processes of scientific and professional research, in which a mutual analogy has already been noticed but not further developed, has been chosen as the subject of the present scientific paper. To be more specific, in a small number of scientific papers published recently, the mentioned analogy has been observed without its deeper study and exactly there important possibilities for raising efficiency of both science and profession are hidden. Therefore, the subject of this paper is the study that led to a more complete identification of the mentioned analogy, with the implicit projection of its application in scientific and professional research.

The focus of the academic subject themed The Protection and Revitalisation of Architectural Heritage in the academic 2019/2020 year was on defining the preservation of cultural, historical, architectural and urban-planning values of the spatial cultural and historical unit of great importance - the Old Downtown of Zemun. The purpose of this paper was to collect and review the literature and other sources and conduct fieldwork in the said area with the view to examining its cultural and historical values, identifying issues, and exploring the potential for its revitalisation and the preservation of its authenticity and identity. The paper presents the results of the research into the historical development and values of Zemun cemetery in Gardoš, and the possibilities for the improvement of its current condition and its further protection. The study spurred the proposals on revitalisation and planning of the space, the increase of its capacity, and the communication of its significance to the community.

The first part of the paper analyses the relation between family pedagogy and related non-pedagogical disciplines in the Croatian and foreign scientific space, as well as the position of family pedagogy within systematic pedagogy. The analysis is followed by the central part of the paper which is dedicated to a problematisation of the question based on what family pedagogy can consider itself part of pedagogy, i.e. what family pedagogy bases its pedagogical distinctiveness on. From the conclusion of the central part of the paper an overview of the possible application fields family pedagogy deals with is derived, which forms the final part of the paper.

The aim of this paper is to define what creative transformational leadership means in the context of higher education exploring some of the challenges and opportunities of being an educational leader in institutions which are internationalising and competing in a global market. The authors explore some previous studies which have suggested that ?transformational leadership? is the most effective model of leadership, especially in a business context, whereas many educational papers focus on ?creative leadership? This paper suggests that creative transformational leadership might be the ideal approach, analysing what constitutes creative transformational leadership from the perspective of higher education leaders and how they perceive these approaches using in-depth e-interviews. A sample of international academics was recruited from the authors? professional online networks and an online link to a list of ten interview questions was emailed to participants. The sample consisted of Rectors, Vice Rectors, Deans, Heads of Departments and Heads of Programmes (Bachelors and Masters) in Higher Education. There were 28 respondents from 15 countries, but some of the academics were working in an institution in a country which was not their country of origin and several had experience of teaching in more than one country, so the sample was truly international. The findings reveal that the contextual dimension of leadership in higher education plays an important role, especially the rapidly changing social and technological environment, which affects both staff performance and student needs. Other challenges include institutional constraints and lack of resources. However, both the theoretical and empirical research suggest that creative transformational leadership could offer an important approach for the future of higher education in this dynamic, global environment.

Рад је посвећен истраживању Рамазанског бајрама и Бајрамске софре. Исламска заједница Србије и Културно друштво муслимана Србије „Гајрет“, од 2009. године организују Бајрамску софру на јавном простору испред Бајракли џамије у Београду. Будући да се организује у оквиру Рамазанског бајрама, њено значење се може посматрати и анализирати у религијском, али и у ширем друштвеном контексту. У овом раду Бајрамску софру посматрамо у контексту успостављања интеррелигијског дијалога у широј друштвеној заједници. На тај начин настојимо да сагледамо елементе дијалога између исламске заједнице и других верских заједница, као и грађана Београда, ослањајући се на неке од теоријских концепата о интеррелигијском дијалогу и његовим формама. Истраживање Бајрамске софре започето је 2020. године с намером да се сагледају друштвене и религијске особености тог сегмента Рамазанског бајрама, али и да се укаже на (не)видљивост мањинских верских заједница у Србији. The paper focuses on the celebration of Ramadan Bayram and the organization of the feast Bayram sofra in Belgrade. The Islamic Community of Serbia and the Cultural Society of Muslims in Serbia – “Gajret”, have been organizing the Bayram sofra since 2009 as the celebration which symbolizes the end of the Ramadan fasting. The celebration is held in the public space in front of the Bajrakli mosque in Belgrade. Since it is organized as part of the celebration of Ramadan Bayram, its meaning can be observed and analyzed in a religious, but also in a broader social context. In this paper, we observe the Bayram sofra in the context of learning about Islam, as the minority religious community, but also as an event which initiates interreligious dialogue at several different levels. Thus, we focus on identifying the elements of dialogue between the Islamic community and other religious communities, as well as the citizens of Belgrade, relying on some theoretical concepts of interreligious dialogue. The ethnographic research of the Bayram sofra started in 2020 with the main focus on the social and religious elements of Ramadan Bayram and the role of this religious festival in enhancing the visibility of this religious minority in Serbia. Тема броја – Османско наслеђе, муслиманске заједнице и појединци (ур. Марија Мандић) / Topic of the Issue: Ottoman Heritage, Muslim Communities and Individuals (ed. Marija Mandić).

This paper presents an improvisation workshop entitled "Yes, and..." intended for promoting this skill and teaching improvisation techniques to educational workers. After a brief introduction intended to explain what improvisation is and what kind of improvisation this paper refers to, we move on to explain the importance of improvisation for education, as well as the importance of teaching improvisation techniques to educational workers. To illustrate the role that improvisation has or may have in the educational process, we highlight the "yes, and..." principle, which is thought to be essentially describing the main features of improvisation, primarily acceptance (of an offer) and building upon it. On these rationales, we derived a thesis regarding the existence of a link among such characteristics, on the one hand, as well as activation and creativity, on the other, as important components that work together in the development of a motivational and developmental educational environment. In the end, we provided an example of teaching improvisation through workshop engagement using a detailed description of a workshop along with instructions for particular exercises and explaining their significance, in the precise way it was conducted with adult participants.

The main goal of this paper is to position members of the Crime Investigation Department (CID) in Serbia, as experts and professionals, on the social-class ladder in contemporary Serbian society. The theoretical framework of the paper has been based on theories on class divisions of modern society, primarily within the theoretical-analytical approach of Mladen Lazić. The data used in the analysis of the class position of CID officers of the Republic of Serbia Ministry of the Interior were collected on the basis of the following indicators: origin, education, marital and family status, income, consumption structure and housing conditions.

The aim of the paper is a critical sociological analysis of the space of preschool institutions and the design the capacity of the space of preschool institutions, in accordance with the norms proposed within the European social model and the Master Plan of Belgrade. In accordance with the model assumptions, the practice of recommended norms is expected to produce transformational potential by initiating a chain of positive changes, starting with the elimination of systemic risks through decommodification of care for preschool children and production of politically correct space of higher use value, through increasing the coverage of the preschool contingent by state primary schools, to a favorable impact on stimulating birth. Paper Subject -use value of preschool institutions in Serbia, and the Belgrade municipalities Zvezdara and Savski Venac. Statistical analysis, preschool institutions spatial capacity analysis, comparative method, critical analysis were the analysis used in this paper. The following indicators were used to measure the use value of preschool institutions space: percentage of children attending preschools in Serbia, percentage of children attending preschools according to the type of preschool ownership, percentage of children attending public preschools, compliance of the available space in public preschools in the municipalities of Zvezdara and Savski Venac with the valid norms. The final section contains a proposal of spatial capacities which are believed to have sufficient transformational potential, for the purposes of initiating the positive chain of changes in the direction of sustainable social and demographic development. Cilj rada je kritička sociološka analiza i osmišljavanje kapaciteta prostora predškolskih ustanova u saglasnosti sa normama predloženim u okviru evropskog socijalnog modela i Generalnog urbanističkog plana Beograda. U skladu sa pretpostavkama modela, očekuje se da praktikovanje preporučenih normi produkuje transformacioni potencijal i inicira lanac pozitivnih promena, počevši od eliminacije sistemskih rizika kroz dekomodifikaciju brige o predškolskoj deci i proizvodnju politički korektnog prostora predškolskih ustanova više upotrebne vrednosti, preko povećanja obuhvata predškolskog kontingenta državnim predškolskim ustanovama, do povoljanog uticaja na podsticanje rađanja. Predmet rada je upotrebna vrednost predškolskih ustanova u Srbiji i beogradskim opštinama Zvezdara i Savski venac. U radu se primenjuju sledeće metode istraživanja: statistička analiza, analiza prostornih kapaciteta predškolskih ustanova, komparativni metod, kritička analiza. Za merenje upotrebne vrednosti prostora predškolskih ustanova korišćeni su sledeći pokazatelji: obuhvat dece predškolskim sistemom u Srbiji, obuhvat dece predškolskim ustanovama prema tipu svojine, obuhvat dece državnim predškolskim ustanovama i usklađenost raspoloživog prostora u državnim predškolskim ustanovama opština Zvezdara i Savski venac sa važećim normama. U završnom delu, dat je predlog prostornih kapaciteta za koje se smatra da bi mogao imati dovoljan transformacioni potencijal za iniciranje lanca pozitivnih promena u smeru održivog socijalnog i demografskog razvoja.

Проблем истраживања је просторна организација coliving концепта становања и улога територијалности у њиховом типолошком одређењу. Досадашња истраживања coliving концепата нису резултирала њиховом јасном систематизацијом. Компаративном анализом карактеристичних примера може се констатовати да су у пракси заступљене све могуће релације између основних функционалних група (заједничких, дељених и индивидуалних простора), које међусобним повезивањем генеришу различите типове coliving концепата. Основна теза рада је да примарни параметар из кога проистичу различити концепти коегзистенције у дељеном простору чини „доживљај територијалности”, тј. ниво толеранције корисника и спремност за дељење истих простора и садржаја са непознатим особама. Основни допринос рада је дефинисање шест карактеристичних типова coliving заједница. Значај овог рада се огледа, не само у иницирању могућности даљих теоријских истраживања у области становања, већ и у његовој практичној примењивости у просторној и функционалној организацији coliving и cohousing простора. Приказани концепти и класификација могу да послуже и као основ за дефинисање нових програма и пројектовање coliving објеката The issue that the research focuses on is spatial organization of the coliving housing concept and the role that territoriality plays in their typological determination. Past research of co-living concept did not result in a clear systematization of the concept. By comparative analyses of characteristic examples it can be confirmed that in practice, a wide variety of relations between the main functional groups is present (common, shared and individual spaces) and that through links between all of them, different types of the coliving concept are generated. The main thesis of this paper is that the primary parameter, serving as the base of different concepts of coexisting in a shared space, is the “experience of territoriality” i.e. the level of tolerance that space users have in their readiness to share the same space and content with unknown individuals. The main contribution of the paper lies in determination of six characteristic types of coliving communities. The importance of this paper is reinforced not only by the fact that it initiates the possibility of further theoretical research in the housing sphere, but also in its practical usage in spatial and functional organisation of coliving and cohousing spaces. The presented concepts and classifications can serve as the basis for the definition of new programmes and the design of coliving objects.

This paper considers changes caused by new technologies that enable an increasing participation of average Internet users in the field of cultural production. From the perspective of pyramidal participation, different forms of achieving user participation in culture are presented, according to the level of freedom they achieve, that is the structure of the relationships in participation. The main argument of the paper is that development of culture can be accelerated by increasing participation in cultural production. Accordingly, a link between participation pyramid and the competencies related to transmedia literacy is made, in order to point out the potential that transmedia literacy can have for enriching global culture.

У раду ће бити представљено прослављање верских празника код Бошњака с територије Новог Пазара, уз давање увида у њихов садржај, првенствено у периоду социјализма, па све до данашњих дана. Истраживања начина прослављања верских празника у новопазарском крају заснована су на исказима саговорника родом с овога терена, потом на архивској грађи и на литератури која се бави овом тематиком. Циљ рада је да се представи трансформација прослављања верских празника код Бошњака у области Новог Пазара, сагледана у контексту разумевања друштвено-политичких промена, као и да се анализирају промене у начину њиховог прослављања током протеклих деценија. The paper presents the celebration of religious holidays in the Bosniak community on the territory of Novi Pazar, by giving an insight into their meanings, as well as by giving a brief presentation of the celebrations primarily from the period of socialism, up to the present days. Research on the celebrations of religious holidays in the region of Novi Pazar is based on utterances of interlocutors from this area, then on archival material and literature dealing with this subject. The aim of this paper is to present the genesis of religious holidays in the Bosniak community in Novi Pazar, viewed in the context of understanding the relationship between secular laws and religious issues, and to analyze changes in the ways they are celebrated over the past decades. Тема броја – Ислам, појединац и делатне заједнице у Србији: актери промена, сукоба и сарадње (ур. Марија Мандић и Јадранка Ђорђевић Црнобрња) / Topic of the Issue – Islam, the Individual, and Communities of Practice in Serbia: Agents of Change, Conflict, and Cooperation (eds. Marija Mandić and Jadranka Đorđević Crnobrnja).

The difference between general foreign language learning and learning foreign languages for specific purposes (including foreign languages for academic purposes) constitutes the theoretical basis of this paper. The author also looks at the significance and role of the foreign languages for specific purposes in the context of developing modern-day professional competencies of primary and preschool teachers. In an attempt to provide answers to the questions what kind of foreign language knowledge teachers need today and what curricula and materials should be developed to meet this need, we analyse two phases that we consider relevant for developing these curricula and materials: 1) the analysis of the target group and its needs, wishes, and expectations; 2) collecting and analysing the materials to be used in teaching. Using descriptive method, the author points out the most important needs of our students, pre-service primary and preschool teachers (involving mostly the need to use professional literature and to be able to participate in international programmes of student mobility that are becoming increasingly frequent) and proposes the ways for approaching the matter of curriculum and materials development. The paper offers a comparative analysis of the current foreign language curricula at teacher education faculties in Serbia and suggests in the conclusion several possible ways of improvement. The aim is to demonstrate that a foreign language in the subject-specific academic courses is not only a means of communication, but also a medium for conveying scientific and professional information, an instrument for developing teachers' cultural and professional competencies.

The paper is based on the archival documents, press, memoirs and literature. It considers the place of the University of Belgrade in the life and work of Dragoljub Jovanović. Jovanović was not a student of the University of Belgrade, but his life was closely related to this institution from an early age. On two occasions he was a professor at the Faculty of Law at the University of Belgrade in two different historical epochs: for the first time from 1923 to 1932, and for the second time, shortly in 1945/46. Both times, Jovanović’s work began with great expectations and hopes, but it was interrupted by expulsion and court judgments. Special attention in the paper was paid to the expulsion of the Dragoljub Jovanović from the Faculty of Law and the University of Belgrade in 1932 and 1946, as well as the role played by university authorities and university teaching staff in that expulsion. Научни скупови / Српска академија наука и уметности, Београд ; књ. 186. Одељење друштвених наука ; књ. 44

The necessity of including syllabi research into current teaching practices is of utmost importance due to the fact that current job markets not only dictate the need for differentiated instruction but also call for novel approaches towards glottodidactic and pedagogical goals within the tertiary educational level. The main aim of this paper is to examine the current status of English for Specific Purposes courses at one of the tertiary educational institutions in order to see whether English for Specific Purposes’ practices are really implemented in language classrooms or whether they exist only on paper. The paper focuses on researching selected points in all the syllabi related to teaching English for Specific Purposes in order to establish the types of syllabi used, possible practices used prior to the syllabi design, focus in the syllabi on General English or English for Specific Purposes and the implementation of practices aimed at integrated skills. The research results call for viable systematic changes in the home department curriculum in the form of introducing courses at the 1st and 2nd cycle of studies, as well as master programmes in English for Specific Purposes, which will enable the provision of competitive teachers and practitioners in the current job market.

The interpretation of the concept of cultural landscape, as well as the interpretation of the general concept of landscape, depends on the context in which the process takes place. As an antithesis to natural landscape, and as notion of spatial and temporal interaction of man and nature, the cultural landscape is conceptualized in terms of scientific approach. The experiences prove that the traditional dichotomy in defining the landscape value (natural vs. cultural), as well as the aspect of its protection, evolving into a holistic approach, which is promoted in European Landscape Convention, at the beginning of XXI century. In the modern theory and practice of spatial planning and nature protection, the concept of cultural landscape appears as a holistic, multidimensional and multifunctional entity, which, in times of globalization, should be preserved and developed in accordance with its regional and local identity (character). The question is: what kind of methodological approach should be applied in determining the landscape value in the spatial planning and nature conservation? The aim of the research is to explain the evolution of landscape approach form reductionism to holistic problem-oriented transdisciplinary research that allows appropriate evaluation of the cultural landscape potential and its application in the spatial planning concept. At the same time, the aim is to explain the conceptualization of the cultural landscape in terms of the institutional protection of natural and cultural heritage and spatial planning in Serbia. The purpose of this paper is to point to legal instruments of the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia which defining the obligations of determining the landscape character in the planning concept in spatial and urban plans, as well as the re-evaluation of existing values of cultural landscapes. The subject of the paper is theoretical concept of cultural landscape and the character of the cultural landscape Trsic-Tronosa. The value of the landscape character is interpreted and metrically expressed for the purposes of the Study of protection of the landscape of exceptional features Trsic-Tronosa - cultural landscape. At the end, the finding of the presented research confirming the applicability of the methods of landscape characterization in the spatial planning concept.

The crisis of formal education leads to constant reconsiderations, both at national and global level. It is considered that educational theory, practice and policy focus dominantly on the formal context of learning while they ignore learning in all other contexts, especially informal. Learning in informal contexts, whether it is intentional or coincidental, conscious or unconscious, is usually perceived as less significant and worthwhile. However, the constructivist and cognitivistic theories of the learning processes emphasize the necessity of recognizing and appreciating all the acquired knowledge and experiences that a person brings to the learning situation. In other words, the quality of formal education cannot be ensured with ignorance of students' knowledge and skills acquired through informal learning. The aim of this paper was to determine students' perspective on their own informal learning. Using qualitative approach, we analyzed students' written statements to determine which informal learning outcomes they were aware of. The second aim was to determine who or what supported those informal learning outcomes from students' perspective. By grouping statements by similarity, we got 13 different categories of learned knowledge and skills (the most common informal learning was the skill of practicing different types of art) and 13 types of support for those learning outcomes (the most common support were information and communication technologies (ICT)). The paper proposes directions for planned integration of students' informal learning into the formal context of studies. Kriza formalnog obrazovanja vodi preispitivanjima kako na nacionalnom, tako i na globalnom nivou. Jedan od problema je što obrazovna teorija, praksa i politika zanemaruje učenje u svim drugim kontekstima, posebno informalnim. Učenja u informalnim kontekstima, bilo da su namerna ili slučajna, svesna ili bez svesnosti da se uči, opažaju se kao manje značajna i vredna. Međutim, konstruktivističko i kognitivističko razumevanje prirode saznajnog procesa ukazuje na neophodnost prepoznavanja i uvažavanja svih stečenih znanja i iskustva koje osoba sa sobom donosi u situaciju učenja. Drugim rečima, kvalitet formalnog obrazovanja se ne može osigurati ukoliko se ignoriše i ono što su učenici/studenti stekli kroz informalno učenje. Cilj ovog rada je da utvrdi perspektivu studenata prema vlastitom informalnom učenju. Kvalitativnim pristupom analizirali smo pisane iskaze studenata da bi utvrdili kojih učenja su svesni i ko ili šta su im bili podrške ili modeli za učenje. Grupisanjem iskaza po sličnosti dobili smo 13 različitih kategorija naučenih znanja i veština (od kojih je najzastupljenije učenje vezano za praktikovanje različitih vidova umetnosti) i 13 vidova potpore tim učenjima (od kojih su najzastupljenije informaciono-komunikacione tehnologije (IKT)). U radu se predlažu pravci planskog i osmišljenog integrisanja informalnog učenja studenata u formalni kontekst studija.

The paper deals with some aspects of the presence of ideological discourse in literary works for children and the young from a diachronic perspective, showing that this field of literature is not deprived of ideology. After identifying the forms in which ideological aspects appear in literary texts, we will consider the pedagogical discourse as a way to exert a corrective influence on young readers. We will then point out the impact of the state cultural and educational policy on literary texts, as a way of influencing the adoption of a dominant social ideology by young readers. This form of ideological discourse is conditioned by the state system, which means that the establishment of the Yugoslav identity among young readers was carried out within the royalist context in the period of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and in the context of the socialist ideology in the SFRY period. We will provide examples to illustrate how, apart from the dominant ideology, subversive literary texts based on the critical presentation of the reality were written as well with the aim of destabilising the state system (both in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia). The post-Yugoslav period witnessed a decanonisation of the Yugoslav literary corpus and the formation of the national canons, while some writers, who used to be a part of the common cultural heritage, were marginalised in some national corpora or received a dual canonisation. The traps of ideological inferences will be presented at the end of the paper. All forms of ideological discourse previously discussed in the paper illustrate the complexity of the ideological discourse in literature and emphasise the importance of careful and critical reading of literary texts.

In contemporary society, the museum is being increasingly focused on new roles and it is no longer oriented only to the traditional ones such as grouping, preserving and exhibiting collections. Having that in mind, the aim of this paper is to understand the possibilities of the museum in the area of social engagement, and to consider the potential of the museum as a socially inclusive institution. The paper discusses the concepts of social exclusion and social inclusion, and analyses the possibilities for the museum in the realization of equality, diversity, social justice and human rights. It is ascertained that education represents a central activity of the social inclusion process in a museum. Serbian museums perceive with increasing understanding their function in the society. However, the perception that museums are institutions intended only for cultural elites still seems to be widespread. Following world trends, museums in Serbia should perceive their potential in the areas of social engagement, social inclusion and education, and should try to connect both with the society and the public.

There is no discussion anymore about whether changes are needed in the field of education, but what kinds of changes are necessary and how they can be sustained in the future. Experts point out that motivation is one of the most important factors that influences the application, sustainability and expansion of innovations over a longer period. The theory of self-determination suggests that basic human needs need to be addressed while innovating school practice and that certain incentives develop internal motivation and/or autonomous forms of motivation. The aim of this case study was to identify the key incentives for developing and maintaining motivation and improving the knowledge and skills of teachers and researchers in the process of innovating school practice. The data were collected by using a structured interview with sixteen researchers who previously, during one school year, had participated in the innovating practice in an experimental school. An inductive-thematic approach was used in coding and analyzing the data and the findings were interpreted in the context of the theory of self-determination. Three topics are predominant in the participants' narratives: (1) implementation of external and individual incentives in the course of innovation projects; (2) focusing on the preparation and realisation of innovation projects; (3) educational actors' development and professional learning in the course of the project realisation. The paper concludes with the confirmation of the theoretical assumption that the educational actors' needs for more autonomy, competence and cooperation in the process of innovating school practice have to be addressed. The paper also offers several suggestions for increasing the motivation of educational actors for the preparation and realisation of innovation projects, as well as for sustaining innovations in school practice. Više se ne vode rasprave o tome da li su potrebne promene u oblasti obrazovanja, već koje vrste promena su neophodne i na koji način mogu da se održe u budućnosti. Stručnjaci ističu da je motivacija jedan od najvažnijih činilaca koji utiče na primenu, održavanje i širenje inovacija tokom dužeg perioda. Teorija samodeterminacije sugeriše da bi trebalo odgovoriti na bazične ljudske potrebe tokom inoviranja školske prakse, kao da se određenim podsticajima razvijaju unutrašnja motivacija i/ili autonomni oblici motivacije. Cilj ove studije slučaja je bio da se utvrde ključni podsticaji za razvijanje i održavanje motivacije i unapređivanje znanja i veština nastavnika i istraživača u procesu inoviranja prakse u školi. Podaci su prikupljeni primenom strukturiranog intervjua sa šesnaest istraživača koji su prethodno, tokom jedne školske godine, učestvovali u inoviranju prakse u oglednoj školi. Podaci su kodirani i analizirani na induktivno tematski način, a nalazi su interpretirani u kontekstu teorije samodeterminacije. U narativima učesnika dominiraju tri teme: (1) Primena spoljašnjih i individualnih podsticaja tokom inovativnih projekata; (2) Posvećivanje pažnje pripremi i realizaciji inovativnih projekata; (3) Razvoj i profesionalno učenje obrazovnih aktera tokom realizacije inovativnih projekata. U zaključcima je potvrđena teorijska pretpostavka kako je potrebno da se odgovori na potrebe aktera za autonomijom, kompetentnošću i povezivanjem tokom inoviranja školske prakse. Izneto je nekoliko sugestija o načinima motivisanja aktera za pripremu i realizaciju inovativnih projekata, kao i za održavanje novina u školi.

In the description and scientific consideration of the attitude of children and youth towards their education and development, the concept of student initiative has been gaining ground lately, and it is hence the subject of analysis in this paper. The analysis is important because of the discrepancy between the increased efforts of the key educational policy holders to promote the idea about the importance of the development of student initiative and rare acceptance of this idea among theoreticians, researchers and practitioners dealing with the education and development of children and youth. By concretising the features of initiative student behaviour, our aim was, on the one hand, to observe the structural determinants and scientific status of the very concept of an initiative student, and, on the other, to contribute to the understanding of the initiative behaviour in practice. In the first part of the paper we deal with different notions and concretisations of the features of initiative behaviour of children and youth, which includes the consideration of: basic student initiative, academic student initiative, individual student initiative, the capacity for initiative and personal development initiative. In the second part of the paper, we discuss the relations of the concept of student initiative with the similar general concepts (activity/passivity, proactivity, agency) and the concepts immediately related to school environment (student involvement, student participation). The results of our analysis indicate that the concept of student initiative has: particular features that differentiate it from similar concepts; the potential to reach the status of a scientific concept, bearing in mind the initial empirical specifications and general empirical verifiability of the yet unverified determinants of the concept. In the concluding part of the paper, we discuss the implications of the conceptual analysis for further research, as well as for enhancing the practice of teachers’ work in the direction of strengthening students for the development of their own initiative in the learning process. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 179034: Od podsticanja inicijative, saradnje, stvaralastva u obrazovanju do novih uloga i identiteta u drustvu i br. 47008: Unapređivanje kvaliteta i dostupnosti obrazovanja u procesima modernizacije Srbije]

The paper discusses different approaches and strategies for educating teachers in the United States of America for work in multicultural schools, bearing in mind teacher efficiency. The first part of the paper contains theoretical considerations on the basic competences of teachers for multicultural education, provides an overview of the key questions that need to be answered in the process of developing multicultural teacher education and presents the effects of multicultural education programmes aimed at eliminating prejudice and establishing the pedagogy of equality. The second part of the paper lists strategies for the multicultural education of teachers who are members of the majority population and discusses the educational effects of these strategies. The third part of the paper discusses the approaches based on the model of crosscultural teacher development that facilitate the understanding of teacher behaviour and their resistance to change, as well as the adapting and sequencing of courses for future teachers. The concluding part of the paper offers recommendations for enhancing multicultural teacher education. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 179018]

This text is a theoretical paper based on the method of critical discourse analysis of child art. The paper is aimed at presenting the genesis of this concept in order to reexamine the hitherto approaches and to support the thesis that children’s art is a cultural construct by using the arguments based on a socio-cultural research platform. The defining of this concept will be critically reviewed and the conditions and procedures for proclaiming children’s drawing as art will be pointed out. Once childhood started to be observed as an important separate period of human life in pedagogy and psychology, there consequentially appeared the notions of the uniqueness of children’s drawings, children’s artistic development and child art as a separate category, which is at the same rung of the evolutionary ladder as the art of the “primitive” peoples. The discourse on the child as an artist was formed in the fields of psychology, theory of art and artistic practice and started to spread in the 20th century. With the development of psychoanalysis it obtained its ideological connotations. Teachers, pedagogues, psychologists and artists construct a set of narratives and theories about child art that reflect humanistic values of free self-expression. The above-mentioned theories still serve as the basis for the development of school practice of art education in the contemporary education systems. Therefore, it is important to offer to art pedagogues the new theoretical approaches that re-examine the hitherto modernist ideas on children’s drawings in order to change their attitude towards practice.

This paper deals with the phenomenon of teachers’ personal initiative in school everyday life as the significant factor of the quality of teaching and learning. Our goal is to explore how teachers assess their initiative - to what extent and in which way they show initiative, and what are the factors that encourage and hinder its demonstration. The first part of the paper analyses the very construct of “initiative” - its determinants and the relation with similar constructs. The second part of the paper presents results of the research that included 182 teachers from urban primary schools from the entire territory of Serbia. Teachers gave their opinion about the presence and demonstration of personal initiative by replying to items in the questionnaire constructed for the purposes of this research. Obtained data were processed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The results indicate that the majority of teachers consider themselves as persons of initiative. They believe that there is plenty of space to show initiative in creating atmosphere in the class, lecturing and in cooperation with parents and colleagues, while the least space for that is in organizational functioning of school and professional development. Teachers do not think that there are bigger obstacles to demonstrating their initiative; however, they are of the opinion that there is a lack of developed support to such demonstration when it comes to school environment factors. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 179034: Od podsticanja inicijative, saradnje, stvaralastva u obrazovanju do novih uloga i identiteta u drustvu) i br. 47008: Unapređivanje kvaliteta i dostupnosti obrazovanja u procesima modernizacije Srbije]

У овом прилогу истраживању архитектуре 20. века у Србији, на основу истраживања примарних извора, проширују се сазнања о животу и раду Милана Злоковића (6. април 1898, Трст – 29. мај 1965, Београд), једног од најзначајнијих представника модерног покрета у архитектури у региону. Основни циљ рада је да се кроз разматрање мултикултуралног контекста одрастања, младости и образовања овог архитекта испитају могући рани утицаји на формирање његовог светоназора и специфичне креативне диспозиције, која ће бити одлучујућа за његов каснији архитектонски рад. Истраживање полази од претпоставке о сложеној културној и поливалентној референтној основи модерног покрета у архитектури и транскултуралног дискурса архитектонског модернизма у Србији, у чијем је конституисању Злоковић имао једну од најзначајнијих улога. Намера нам је да, испитујући детаљније Злоковићеву биографију, на основу доступних извора из периода пре него што је уписао студије архитектуре у Београду и периода стручног усавршавања након дипломирања, успоставимо корелације између контекста живота и индивидуалног искуства и референтнoг оквира његовог дела. У раду се по први пут објављује и неколико докумената који представљају примарне изворе истраживања. The paper looks in more detail into the biography of one of the most prominent modern architects in Serbia, Milan Zloković (1898, Trieste – 1965, Belgrade), by focusing on the multicultural contexts of his childhood, youth and education as possible sources of his particular creative disposition and habit of mind. The argument is centred on exploring the course of the architect’s interests, impressions, and studies, as they changed over the years in the complex historical conditions of the opening decades of the twentieth century. The paper argues that experiences from this period formed what is termed as the identity of multiple geographies, which guided much of Zloković’s predilection in his later architectural work, and provided a transcultural frame of reference and breadth to his research. Traced back and analysed against the biographical facts and events, are excerpts from his later articles and scholarly papers, most notably the ones where he provides references to architectural history of, inter alia, Byzantine architecture in Macedonia, medieval Serbian architecture, Italian Baroque, or traditional architecture of Boka Kotorska. The aim of the research is to contribute to a broader understanding of the complex cultural basis and polyvalent discourse of Serbian modernism, in the foundation of which Milan Zloković had a decisive role.

Connecting science, technology and the society is one of the important principles of contemporary education. The foundation of this principle is the idea that scientific and technological achievements should be useful and applicable in everyday life of an individual. The paper presents the main determinants of the STS project (Science, Technology and Society Project) which deals with studying the influence of scientific research and technological development on social, political and cultural values. The basic goal of education within the STS Project is to enable the students to understand and learn to incorporate the achievements of scientific and technological development in their own cultural, ecological, economic, political and social contexts. In addition to this, the paper presents the role of sciences in connecting science, technology and the society and describes the possibilities of incorporating a similar project in chemistry instruction in our school. Pilot study which was conducted refers to the proposal for applying the principles on which the STS project is based in chemistry instruction in our country. This pilot study can present the basis for future research and the guideline that can be used for promoting the process of education in primary and secondary school.

In the humanities, in the last two decades, there has been an evident increase of research combining quantitative and qualitative methods, techniques, approaches, concepts or language. This paper discusses the arguments for and against these research drafts, which most often appear in literature under the title mixed methods research. While some authors consider this type of research as the announcement of the third paradigm in studying social phenomena and the approach that shifts the war between the two paradigms into the past, other authors claim that the paradigms underlying the two basic research orientations are incompatible because they study essentially different phenomena, and therefore the methods from two research traditions cannot be combined in any way. The third viewpoint, which we advocate as well, argues that qualitative and quantitative methods cannot be applied together in one draft for the purposes of triangulation or cross-validation, but that they can be combined for complementary objectives. This paper describes the example of mixed methods draft of complementary objectives in pedagogy, which refers to evaluation of mathematics curriculum. The example shows that combining qualitative and quantitative methods is not only possible, but that it creates the conditions for arriving at data which would not be possible to obtain using only one or the other approach. U humanističkim naukama, u poslednje dve decenije, evidentan je porast istraživanja u kojima se kombinuju kvantitativne i kvalitativne metode, tehnike, pristupi, pojmovi ili jezik. U radu se raspravlja o argumentima za i protiv ovih istraživačkih nacrta, koji se u literaturi najčešće pojavljuju pod nazivom miks-metodska istraživanja. Dok neki autori ovaj tip istraživanja smatraju najavom treće paradigme u istraživanju društvenih fenomena i pristupom koji pomera u prošlost 'rat' između dve paradigme, drugi autori tvrde da su paradigme na koji- ma su zasnovane dve osnovne istraživačke orijentacije nekompatibilne jer suštinski istražuju različite fenomene, te se metode iz dve istraživačke tradicije nikako ne mogu kombinovati. Treće gledište, koje i mi zastupamo, zalaže se za to da se kvalitativne i kvantitativne metode ne mogu zajedno primeniti u jednom nacrtu za svrhe triangulacije ili unakrsne validacije, ali mogu biti kombinovane za komplementarne ciljeve. U radu je opisan primer miks-metodskog nacrta komplementarnih ciljeva u pedagogiji, koji se odnosi na evaluaciju nastavnog programa iz matematike. Primerom se pokazuje da je kombinovanje kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih metoda ne samo moguće, već da stvara uslove za dolaženje do podataka koje ne bi bilo moguće dobiti samo jednim ili drugim pristupom.