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The paper aims to present the development of the „theology of liberation", its influence and the conflict with the official position of the Roman Catholic Church. Whether this idea is defeated or suppressed or brought into line, depends on the way in which its development and influence is observed. What kind of answer does the „theology of liberation" put to the question of the suffering of the poor layers? In the first part of the paper, we presented the basic settings of the social learning of the Roman Catholic Church given through certain encyclicals. In the second part, we presented the birth, development and content of the „theology of liberation", as well as its methods and main representatives. In the third part, a conflict with Holy Stolz was shown, which ended with the defeat of Latin American theology. The emphasis is on the relationship between the idea of „theology of liberation" and the official study of the Roman Catholic Church through the prism of relations between the representatives of Latin American theology and the officials of the Holy See. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the many-faced crisis in the Orthodox Church in Serbia, visible in almost all aspects of its contemporary existence. Among the examples are those that point to the existence of the crisis of criteria, the crisis of consistency, the crisis of the sacred, the crisis of indiscriminate interpretation of history and its heritage, the crisis of "feeling for others", and the crisis of the sense of "the spirit of the times" and "the spirit of place". The paper also features the possible reasons why the professional community, primarily in the field of sociology, psychology, and (art) history, did not adequately deal with the aforementioned issues, with the view that this endeavour requires deep elaboration, as well as courage and objectivity, including the willingness to interpret all sides of history, ancient and modern, regardless of whether it is (predominantly) "light" or "dark". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a sociological analysis of the development, possible range, and real effects of one of the latest disciplines to emerge - neuroethics as well as bioethics. The starting premise is that the humanities perspective to a medical and philosophical discipline contributes to the very research done by neuroethics itself. This premise is significant given that the study of the brain surpasses current epistemological frameworks, forcing the examination of whether we perhaps need a new “brain” epistemology. New research on the brain, consciousness, and artificial intelligence has presented the public at large with a myriad of benefits in medicine and illness prevention; however, at the same time, it has opened certain social and ethical questions. The projected possibilities in the development of brain medication and interventions have motivated certain scientists today to speak of neuroscience exclusively from the perspective of bioethics. In other words, the challenges to human survival are directly linked to artificially caused advancements in human consciousness, cognition, intelligence, and to an extent even morality, insofar as these characteristics and capacities depend on biochemical and molecular processes. Considering the potentially real societal consequences of such development of a single discipline, we thought it relevant to seek certain answers by analyzing dilemmas and particular medical cases, along with their effects, through the optics of social, humanities, and biomedical phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the authors try to present and analyze the views of a German thinker, Oswald Spengler on social conflicts. The first part of the text deals with Spengler's method, which points out the need of different approach to nature on the one side, and history (society, culture) on the other. The second part presents the elements of Spengler's view on conflict, using four topics: struggle (conflict) and war, the Western culture and conflict, inner conflicts and possibilities of world peace. In the end of the paper the importance of Spengler's ideas for sociology is stressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, the results of survey done at the Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad during the school year 2008/2009 are presented. The aim of this paper is to point out both positive and negative sides of the reform, from the point of view of students sociology. A questionnaire has been used in order to obtain relevant data from the students of sociology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the author seeks to distinguish the influence that Karl Manheim and Max Scheler had on the development of the sociology of knowledge. As undoubtedly dominant, Manheim's influence left more prominent mark on the identity of the sociology of knowledge. However, Scheler's contribution to the framing of the sociology of knowledge was not negligible. At the moment when the birth of the sociology of knowledge was exposed to various forms of criticism, from classical philosophical epistemology to sociology and sociologists themselves, Scheler did offer, within the framework of traditional phenomenology, a different way of development of the young sociological discipline. Less as an articulated and consistent theory and more as an alternative collection of views on links between the society, ideas, and knowledge, Scheler's sociology of knowledge today may serve as a corrective in attempts to restore the sociology of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the author briefly reviews the sociological research of social inequalities; more precisely, he deals with the research of class/strata structure of society. It is not disputable neither that this research is part of the sociological mainstream, nor that is the area with numerous disputes. It is also worth noticing that the notion of class itself experienced serious challenges. All of this influenced the Yugoslav and Serbian sociology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the significant analytical advantages, the author prefers social action as initial sociological concept in the relation to social phenomenon. Its basic elements are: actors, subjects and tools, needs and interests, values and norms, positions and roles. Actors set in motion and unify the rest of elements, guide to the magic triangle of sociology (movement, change, order), reaffirm actor paradigm to systemic paradigm. Subjects and tools materialize an action and its overestimate results in technological determinism or (by means of property as institutional appropriation of nature) in the (un)classed historical type of society. Needs and interests are the basis of person's motivation and starting point for depth analysis of sociability. The expansion of legitimate interests circle develops techniques of normative regulation. Values and norms guide to institutional-organizational, positions to vertical and roles to horizontal structure. Values give the meaning to the action as well as to human existence, they are orientations of motivate system of personality but also basic aspect of society. As abstractions, values are latent background of norms and they tell to us what to do, and norms how to do something. Norms are specified instructions for suitable behavior Without normative order, not to be possible the satisfying of needs and the conciliation of interests. Riches, power and prestige are components of social position, and legal status is the determination of rights and obligations of the position. Roles are normative expectation of behavior. Toward kinds of sanctions roles are classified. Roles but also other elements of social action are starting point for sociological analysis of legal norms and institutes. On the other side, the observation of legal component of social actions enriches, strengths and precises sociological analysis of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]