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The reliability of power transformers operation largely depends on the insulation system condition, especially on the condition of paper insulation. Determining the condition of paper insulation of transformers in use cannot be made by direct measurements. The most common way of assessing the paper insulation condition is by analyzing the content of 2-furfural dissolved in the insulating oil and by applying correlations between the degree of paper polymerization and the 2-furfural content in the insulating oil. The concentration of 2-furfural in the oil depends on the moisture content of the insulation system and the oxygen and acid content in the oil. In order to gain a better insight into the cumulative content of 2-furfural produced by paper degradation, excluding changes in the 2-furfural content caused by migration between paper and oil at different operating temperatures, dependence of the degree of polymerization of kraft paper to 2-FAL content in the oil, corrected to a reference temperature of 20°C, for a moisture content in cellulose of 1-1.5% and 3-4% is presented in this paper. This diagram has been verified on 4 transformers according to available data from the database of the Electrical Engineering Institute Nikola Tesla. In the future, this diagram should be completed for moisture content of 2.5% in cellulose insulation.

The paper presents the monitoring and analysis of the influence of the type of combustion of biomass on the thermal power of the boiler plant in the combustion of several types and forms of biomass. The main task in the research was to examine the impact of the suitability for the use of various types of biomass (by origin, shape and size) in the boiler plant, which was designed and constructed for the combustion of biomass (small conventional bale) with manual fuel injection. The following biofuels were used as material: wheat straw bals, maize stems (with leaves), pelleted maize cobs, vineyard bundles in bundles and branches from orchards with a diameter of up to 60 mm. The obtained results can be used to improve the operation of the boiler plant with manual burning (methods and dynamics of combustion and combustion), introduction of automation in the operation of such plants and improvement of their design solutions.

This paper presents the results of an analysis of influence of the “light” steaming process on conventional drying and colour of beech timber. A stack consisting of steamed and unsteamed boards was dried. Moisture content and moisture content profiles were recorded, and at the end of drying final moisture content, moisture content difference across thickness, case-hardening and colour were determinated. No statistically significant difference between steamed and unsteamed timber was established in any of the examined parameters (MC, ΔMC, gap). The results indicate that equal (or even) better drying quality can be expected with steamed beech timber than with unsteamed timber, given the same drying schedule. Dry steamed timber was darker and more reddish than the unsteamed one. An imprecision of measurement by probes in the kiln was noticed in measuring steamed and unsteamed beech timber having a moisture content of between 7% and 15%, and a solution for overcoming this problem was given. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31041]

The paper describes the pelletization equipment and the specificity of certain pelletry constructive solutions, and a special emphasis is given to more important equipment for biomass pelletting, such as presses, dies, pressure rollers, tools and other equipment. Technological requirements that are imposed during pelleting of biomass are also presented. Conditions for the optimal operation of pelleting different types of biomass were studied and gained experience in using additives to improve the properties of pellets obtained. Many years of experience in the development of the biomass pelletization process in Serbia (together with personal experiences) were presented. In the conclusions of work, the direction of further development of this process is given.

The technology used in creating coatings is very important for the environmental science field. Regarless to the available types of raw materials, new methods of combining materials or the evolution of traditional technologies, coatings provide a range of options to meet different the range of environmental performances and appearance requirements. In this work, chemical recycling process of polyethylene terephthalate was investigated, since, the bottles grade consumption is reaching high levels, especially those of bottled water and soft drinks. Waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) flakes were depolymerized using ethylene glycol. The resin based on waste PET was prepared from phthalic anhydride (PA), glycerin (G), ricinoleic acids and glycolyzed products of waste PET. The mechanical, thermal and chemical properties were tested. The properties of the resin based on waste PET were found to be compatible with the properties of the reference one. The synthesized resin based on waste PET could be potentially employed as the composition for the preparation of eco-friendly baking enamels.

The paper presents experimental data obtained in the course of investigation focused on analysis of thermo-physical properties of baled biomass which value are necessary for modeling of transport phenomena in materials with porous bed. Experiments were conducted using a custom designed and constructed experimental setup and implementing original experimental procedure. Results obtained enabled stagnant thermal conductivity of biomass to be determined for different biomass porosity values. Analysis of experimental data enabled functional dependence of stagnant thermal conductivity on porosity to be determined, with porosity varied in a range 0.50-0.85. Results obtained indicate that reduced bed porosity, down to the value of 0.65, causes stagnant thermal conductivity of the bed to be reduced. Further porosity reduction, below the value of 0.65, results in increased stagnant thermal conductivity of the bed. In addition, data to be acquired shall be helpful in modeling the transport phenomena associated with combustion in porous beds.

Application of biological materials for removing pollutants from water by adsorption is also known as biosorption, and such adsorbents as biosorbents. Advantages of biosorption over conventional methods are numerous, but the low price and availability of materials are basic criteria for the selection of potential biosorbents. Therefore, by-products of industry and agriculture are the subject of many scientific investigations. One of the most important by-products of brewing industry is the brewer's spent grain which is produced in large quantities throughout the whole year. As lignocellulosic material, brewer's spent grain have a certain sorption capacity for heavy metal ions which is examined in this paper. The results of batch adsorption experiments showed the best fit for Langmuir model, and the amount of adsorbed ions per unit of mass of adsorbent is in the range typical for this group of adsorbents. With the adsorption capacity of about 12 mg/g, brewer's spent grain proved to be potential biosorbent for practical application in the treatment of wastewater with concentrations of heavy metal ions higher than allowed.

More intensive use of baled biomass as a fuel contributes to the improvement of agricultural production, because of the efficiently generated energy, without the additional own electricity consumption, is best used in technologies that raise the processing level of agricultural products. Emission of nitrogen oxides is characteristic for combustion of agricultural / baled biomass. Therefore, a special attention has been paid here to the analysis of NOx emissions and the effects of non-catalytic denitrification with ammonia in the baled biomass combustion. The experiments were carried out in a cigarette-type experimental furnace burning small bales. The effects were analyzed for the combustion regimes varying combustion temperatures and different NH3/NO ratio.

General trend in the world is using woody biomass for the purpose of generating energy. In an effort to prepare biomass in a form suitable for automatic operation of thermal power plant technology was developed preparing biomass in the form of wood chips. The aim of this paper is to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of the wood chip production technology of its production, transport, storage and use (supply chain), as well as to show the calculation of its market value. In the existing technology in the preparation of wood chips are adequate solutions for all stakeholders in the so-called fuel chain (harvesting, preparation, transportation, drying, storage and dosing). The total price of wood chips with all the logistics cost is 10.81 RSD/kg, which adopted the euro value of 123 RSD/EUR exchange rate amounts to 87.89 EUR/t. With regard to the case of wood materials of low humidity, calorific value and satisfactory form suitable for automatic operation of thermal power plants listed price of woodchips is the competitive aspect of the market and cost-effective to use for the purpose of generating energy.

In today's turbulent world faced with growing number of threats and challenges on an ever larger scale, it is becoming evident that a way out should be sought in the development and application of science and profession, because only their results can stabilise the world. However, in the current processes of scientific and professional research, various barriers are encountered, primarily related to insufficient methodological elaboration of connections and relations between scientific and professional research, the end results of which reduce the quality and efficiency of these two most important agents of development. For these reasons, the study of the relationship between the processes of scientific and professional research, in which a mutual analogy has already been noticed but not further developed, has been chosen as the subject of the present scientific paper. To be more specific, in a small number of scientific papers published recently, the mentioned analogy has been observed without its deeper study and exactly there important possibilities for raising efficiency of both science and profession are hidden. Therefore, the subject of this paper is the study that led to a more complete identification of the mentioned analogy, with the implicit projection of its application in scientific and professional research.

Период 20. века одликују већи број друштвених промена, развој индустрије, као и промена у структури породице. Поред тога, један од великих покретача потребе за новим стамбеним простором је велико ратно разарање на територији Европе у току Другог светска рата. Знатан недостатак стамбеног простора је довео до масовне изградње. У раду су идентификована три различита периода у развоју вишепородичног становања на основу промена током 20. века. Први период представља време након Првог светског рата и од двадесетих до тридесетих година прошлог века, други период обележен је развојем индустрије у становању око и након Другог светског рата, од тридесетих до педесетих година, и трећи период обележавају промене које наступају у времену од педесетих до осамдесетих година прошлог века. Сваки временски период одликује напредак или еволуирање, како проблема који мотивишу развој вишепородичног становања, тако и иновативних решења у пројектовању. Услед јаснијег сагледавања промена одабрана су три примера изведених објеката , по један из сваког периода. Сваки пример је у одређеном својству експериментална архитектура и све примере издвајају специфични концепти у приступу пројектовању у том периоду, посебно заједничких садржаја у објекту. Рад, кроз одабране примере вишепородичног становања, сагледава просторну манифестацију друштвених и других промена. Фокус анализе у одабраним примерима представљају заједнички простори, док простор стана није предмет детаљније анализе. Сваки од три периода одликују висока иновативност и показатељ да вишепородично становање може на различите начине да одговори на захтеве и идеје у различитим периодима. Кључне речи: 20. век, експериментална архитектура, промене стамбеног простора, Наркомфин зграда, Стамбени блок у Марсеју, Валден 7 The period of the 20th century is characterized by a large number of social changes, the development of industry, as well as changes in the structure of the traditional family. In addition, one of the major drivers of the need for new housing is the wartime destruction in Europe during two world wars. Significant housing shortage resulted in Mass housing development. This paper recognizes three different periods of development of multi-family housing, as a result of different changes during the 20th century. The first period represents the period after the First world war from the 1920s to the 1930s, the second period features industry involvement in housing around and after the Second world war from the 1930s to the 1950s and the third period centers around changes in spatial and cultural sphere of housing from the 1950s to the 1980s. Each time period is characterized by the progress or evolution of both problems that motivate the development of multi-family housing and innovative solutions for multi-family housing. Paper analyses three examples of built buildings from each time period. Each example is in a certain way an experimental architecture from its time and is distinguished by specific qualities and aspirations especially in the design of common areas of these buildings. The paper through selected examples of multi-family housing researches spatial manifestation of social and other changes. The focus of the analysis of the chosen buildings is on common areas, while the space of the dwelling is not subject to detail analysis. Each of the three periods is characterized by high innovation and an indication that multi-family housing can respond to requests and manifest new different ideas.

In the focus of this paper are the most important economic instruments used in the counties of European Economic Area, as well as in Serbia, in order to encourage the use of electric vehicles. Due to the fact that the transportation sector is responsible for approximate 27% of the greenhouse gas emissions, the application of economic instruments is inevitable. The goal of the paper is to determine which of them have the greatest potential in the protection of the environment. Also, the author will assess the economic instruments used in Serbia in order to promote electric vehicles.

Contemporary legislation, not only criminal and criminal proceedings law, has entered a new stage, that is currently underway and that is reflected in significant reforms and new legislation, as well as seeking new solutions to increase efficiency in preventing and combating domestic violence. The Republic of Serbia embarked on this path by adopting the Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence, which should primarily intensify the preventive action of the competent state bodies in cases of domestic violence. The Law on Prevention of Domestic Violence started to be applied on June 1, 2017 and given the fact that it has been applied for the past three years, it is necessary to carry out an adequate analysis and to evaluate whether it has increased efficiency when it comes to combating domestic violence. In this regard, the subject of this paper is primarily the analysis of the practical application of urgent measures provided by the Law imposed by the police, the public prosecutor and the court. This research will cover a period of two years of applying of the law, i.e. the period from June 1, 2017 to May 31, 2019. During the research, the statistical method was used along with the methods of analysis, deduction, comparison and description. The paper will analyse: both the total and the individual number of urgent measures imposed by the police; territorial distribution of the imposed urgent measures on the territory of the Republic of Serbia; imposing of extended urgent measures by the court, and a significant aspect of this research will be dedicated to the issue of violations of the imposed urgent measures.

Promene obima, pravaca, regionalnih specifičnosti, kao i motiva za preseljavanje u Republici Srbiji su došle do punog izražaja na početku 21. veka. U uslovima negativnih demografskih trendova, emigracija mladog, reproduktivno i radno sposobnog stanovništva predstavlja jedno od vitalnih pitanja daljeg razvoja države. Imajući u vidu da je kategorija mladog stanovništva osnovni demografski resurs jednog društva, središnja tema ovog rada odnosi se na stavove, namere i motive mladih prema migracijama. U cilju prezentovanja regionalnih specifičnosti izuzetno heterogenog prostora Srbije, analiza je sprovedena u tri jedinice lokalne samouprave – Gradu Užicu, Gradu Leskovcu i Gradu Zaječaru, primenom fokusgrupnog istraživanja u populaciji učenika završne godine srednje škole (149 učenika podeljenih u 15 grupa). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na visok nivo spremnosti učenika da se po završetku školovanja isele iz Srbije. Kao dominantni push faktori izdvajaju se oni koji pripadaju ekonomskoj sferi – ostvareni prihodi, životni standard i mogućnosti za profesionalno napredovanje. U nedostatku pouzdanih statističkih i empirijskih podataka o preseljavanju stanovništva, prezentovani rezultati mogu predstavljati značajno polazište u kreiranju mera i aktivnosti populacione politike prema migracijama., Amidst negative demographic trends, emigration of the young, reproductive and employable population is one of the vital issues for the further development of the Republic of Serbia. Hence, there is a need for in-depth academic research and expert discussions that would allow for a better understanding of the issue, while pointing out its limitations and potentials. Since the country’s emigration potential is not sufficiently represented in previous research, this paper aims to shed light on the phenomenon of migration by discussing the attitudes, intentions and motives of senior-year high school students. It also aims to identify the factors for the potential emigration of young people. In line with the research subject and aims, the paper relies on the focus group method. The analysis was carried out using data from a focus-group survey conducted in three local governments – the City of Leskovac, the City of Užice and the City of Zaječar. Regional centres in the southern, western and eastern parts of Serbia were selected because they best represent the heterogeneity of its socio-economic development and migration patterns. Given that the group is the main unit of analysis within the chosen qualitative research method, the respondents had to share at least one important characteristic. In this case, they were senior-year high school students, born or residing in the mentioned cities. Focus groups were organised in Medical Schools and Grammar schools, while in the City of Zaječar and the City of Leskovac, the research was conducted in the Technical School, too. During the research, a total of 15 focus-group interviews were conducted, in which 149 students participated. All respondents were 18 or 19 years old at the time of the survey, while in terms of gender structure, there were slightly more females (77 compared to 72 males). The participants recognised the importance and relevance of youth migration, showed enthusiasm and, at the same time, took the discussion seriously. The results showed that most of the participants intend to stay in Serbia, while also indicating a relatively high level of readiness to emigrate after finishing school. The intention to stay is more pronounced among the students from the City of Leskovac, which is understandable considering that this is an area where traditional family values are important. On the other hand, the intentions to emigrate are most frequent among students from the City of Zaječar, a traditional emigration area. Although the desire to aid the development of the community stands out as a significant determinant of staying, attachment to the family emerges as the main factor influencing the decision not to emigrate. When observing the respondents’ opinions according to the type of school, significant differences were noticed. Students of medical schools in all cities have to a greater extent expressed their readiness to stay in the country, which is contrary to the generally present trend of emigration of medical workers to EU countries. The research showed that students from these schools are more optimistic than students from other schools because they believe that the prospects of finding a job for their educational profile in Serbia are currently somewhat more favourable. It is important to point out that students who intend to stay in Serbia in most cases plan to continue living in one of the large regional centers – Belgrade, Novi Sad or Niš. Their decision to participate in internal migration flows can be related to the fact that they plan to continue their education in the mentioned regional centres and to stay there after graduation. It was found that students from the City of Leskovac primarily intend to continue their education in Niš, students from the City of Užice opt for faculties in Belgrade, while students from the City of Zaječar gravitate almost equally towards Belgrade and Niš. By considering the motives that influence young people’s migration intentions, it was established that economic factors have a distinct role in deciding on potential emigration. The most frequent push factor is the unfavourable financial situation in the family. When it comes to the pull-factors, the majority of respondents stated that the standard of living, higher salaries and more adequate conditions for professional development and advancement abroad are decisive for potential emigration. As to the importance of education in the process of deciding on migration, it does not appear to be a significant factor for external migration, given that a small number of students plan to continue their education abroad immediately after high school. While discussing the most significant push-factors, the participants expressed dissatisfaction with the general living conditions in Serbia. The students’ discussion about the potential destination led to the conclusion that the majority see traditional destinations of the inhabitants of Serbia as potential countries of emigration: Austria, Germany, France, the USA or Canada. When it comes to the choice of a destination, the participants emphasised the crucial importance of migration networks, i.e., connections with relatives and friends abroad. Some respondents emphasise that having relatives and acquaintances in the chosen destination country can be of great importance during integration into a new environment. Although some students emphasise that migration can improve the lives of individuals and families, the majority view emigration as a process that negatively affects the overall development of Serbia. Interestingly, the respondents in all three local government units expressed a unanimous attitude that too many resources are being invested in the development of Belgrade, while insufficient investments are directed to the planning of the development of other local governments, primarily in rural areas. Based on the discussions and exchange of opinions of focus group participants, it was possible to create certain recommendations to decision-makers to mitigate the problem of the emigration of young people. The respondents suggested several concrete measures that the state should take to improve certain aspects of life in Serbia. Their recommendations are focused, above all, on improving the economic situation, including increased monthly incomes, creating new jobs (especially for highly educated people) and encouraging youth entrepreneurship. They recognised the need for part of the investments to be directed towards rural areas in order to mitigate the effects of depopulation and economic decline. In the context of improving the education system, the recommendations call for reforms that would align education profiles with the needs of the labour market. Students in all three local governments believe that strategies and plans for future development should be tailored to the specific needs of different regions. Although the importance of youth migration is recognised at the academic level in Serbia, this phenomenon requires a more complex analysis in development and strategic documents. In this regard, qualitative research needs to intensify at the local, regional and national levels, which would enable the adoption of adequate plans, strategies and measures of population policy towards the migration of young people. The results of this paper can contribute significantly to and serve as the basis for further research on the migration processes among young people in Serbia.

Проблем истраживања је просторна организација coliving концепта становања и улога територијалности у њиховом типолошком одређењу. Досадашња истраживања coliving концепата нису резултирала њиховом јасном систематизацијом. Компаративном анализом карактеристичних примера може се констатовати да су у пракси заступљене све могуће релације између основних функционалних група (заједничких, дељених и индивидуалних простора), које међусобним повезивањем генеришу различите типове coliving концепата. Основна теза рада је да примарни параметар из кога проистичу различити концепти коегзистенције у дељеном простору чини „доживљај територијалности”, тј. ниво толеранције корисника и спремност за дељење истих простора и садржаја са непознатим особама. Основни допринос рада је дефинисање шест карактеристичних типова coliving заједница. Значај овог рада се огледа, не само у иницирању могућности даљих теоријских истраживања у области становања, већ и у његовој практичној примењивости у просторној и функционалној организацији coliving и cohousing простора. Приказани концепти и класификација могу да послуже и као основ за дефинисање нових програма и пројектовање coliving објеката The issue that the research focuses on is spatial organization of the coliving housing concept and the role that territoriality plays in their typological determination. Past research of co-living concept did not result in a clear systematization of the concept. By comparative analyses of characteristic examples it can be confirmed that in practice, a wide variety of relations between the main functional groups is present (common, shared and individual spaces) and that through links between all of them, different types of the coliving concept are generated. The main thesis of this paper is that the primary parameter, serving as the base of different concepts of coexisting in a shared space, is the “experience of territoriality” i.e. the level of tolerance that space users have in their readiness to share the same space and content with unknown individuals. The main contribution of the paper lies in determination of six characteristic types of coliving communities. The importance of this paper is reinforced not only by the fact that it initiates the possibility of further theoretical research in the housing sphere, but also in its practical usage in spatial and functional organisation of coliving and cohousing spaces. The presented concepts and classifications can serve as the basis for the definition of new programmes and the design of coliving objects.

This paper presents technical requirements for acceptance of track works according to European standard EN 13231-1, which was adopted as Serbian standard in 2014. The standard applies to track with standard gauge (1435 mm) layed in ballast bed. Requirements for acceptance of works should be applied for laying of the new track, as well as for reconstruction, renewal and maintenance of the existing track. Paper points out that, despite of established legal framework in the Republic of Serbia, national technical regulations are still not harmonised with the requirements of the standard. The special importance is drawn to establishment of the procedures for measuring the relevant parameters and controling the track condition, as well as procedures for documenting measurement results and performed controls. In addition, paper shows prescribed tolerances for track geometry parameters and track superstructure elements according to EN 13321-1. Acceptance deadline has special importance and it should be defined in the contract between Infrastructure Manager and Contractor.

The aim of the paper is to analyze the contribution of the laboratory-experimental method (LEM) to the quality of students' knowledge of natural and inaccessible research. Papers were also selected to examine the comparative contribution to the quality of students' knowledge: LEM and other learning methods, that is, between student and demonstration experiments. Most of the research so far is focused on subject teaching and they are still rare in integrated science teaching. The research confirms the greater contribution of LEM than the traditional and other methods of learning about quality and durability of students' knowledge. Student experiments in most research contribute to the quality of students' knowledge more than the demonstration experiments. There is insufficient research which examines the impact of LEM on students' quality of knowledge at cognitive levels. In the teaching of most of the contents of natural science, priority should be given to the LEM method or it should be combined with other methods of learning.

The subject of this paper is identifying the most common students‘ mistakes in teaching lessons of the Serbian Language which are a part of the exam for the academic course Professional Methodological Practice of Teaching Serbian Language at the Faculty of Philososphy in Niš. By analyzing the data obtained by observing the lessons taught by the students of the Serbian Language at the Faculty of Philososphy in Niš during the four-year period (2015/16 to 2018/19), the authors found and analyzed typical errors, classifying them into six categories: errors in methodological lesson management, ignoring teaching principles, a lack of the required class structure, an incorrect application of teaching methods, incorrect application of teaching and technical aids, and an unbalanced behaviour towards students. As there has been no paper dealing with a similar topic so far, this research should be instructive for students, in terms of offering them guidelines for organizing and taking these exams and state teaching license exams. The obtained results are indicative of the complexity of teaching theory (developmental and pedagogical psychology and didactics) that should be linked to academic disciplines (linguistics, theory of literature, and the art of literature) in the process of methodological design of the lessons of Serbian language and Literature.

Emotions and cognition have long been treated as separate processes in psychology. Emotions were considered a distractor of rational processes, and it was endeavoured, especially at school, to reduce the influence of emotions to the lowest level possible. However, the contemporary research in the field of neurobiology and psychology states the complete opposite - that emotions and cognition are inextricably bound. Every kind of learning has an emotional grounding, while the emotional processes are necessary in order to utilise any kind of knowledge in everyday life. The first part of the current paper provides an overview of the studies dealing with the influence of emotions on the learning process, perception, attention, memory, critical thinking and motivation. In the second part of the paper, we speak about emotions in the educational context, and in the third about the implications of the studies dealing with emotions for education. The new insights into the relation between the emotional and cognitive processes inevitably have a bearing on the process of teaching and learning, as well as on teacher education. It is necessary to raise teachers’ awareness of the importance of emotions in education and the consequent professional commitments and tasks as early as in the stage of pre-service education. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 179002: Indikatori i modeli usklađivanja porodičnih i poslovnih uloga]

The difference between general foreign language learning and learning foreign languages for specific purposes (including foreign languages for academic purposes) constitutes the theoretical basis of this paper. The author also looks at the significance and role of the foreign languages for specific purposes in the context of developing modern-day professional competencies of primary and preschool teachers. In an attempt to provide answers to the questions what kind of foreign language knowledge teachers need today and what curricula and materials should be developed to meet this need, we analyse two phases that we consider relevant for developing these curricula and materials: 1) the analysis of the target group and its needs, wishes, and expectations; 2) collecting and analysing the materials to be used in teaching. Using descriptive method, the author points out the most important needs of our students, pre-service primary and preschool teachers (involving mostly the need to use professional literature and to be able to participate in international programmes of student mobility that are becoming increasingly frequent) and proposes the ways for approaching the matter of curriculum and materials development. The paper offers a comparative analysis of the current foreign language curricula at teacher education faculties in Serbia and suggests in the conclusion several possible ways of improvement. The aim is to demonstrate that a foreign language in the subject-specific academic courses is not only a means of communication, but also a medium for conveying scientific and professional information, an instrument for developing teachers' cultural and professional competencies.

Lithium-ion batteries are constituted of many harmful components; the presence of these components in the environment may negatively affect human health. The application of innovations in Li-ion batteries recycling technologies, contributes to the protection of humans and the complete environment in a significant degree. However, the hazard from explosions or toxic matter emissions cannot be excluded even in the case of the application of modern technologies. In terms of recognizing the potential hazards, this paper describes possible toxic effects of the most important components of Li-ion batteries, with special accent on used electrolytes. Also, in terms of improving the employee's safety, this paper suggests certain protective measures during the recycling procedures.

A promising concept of artificial intelligence that records intense developments in the field of digital imaging is Deep Learning (DL). More intensive research within this field has been recorded over the past two decades, and has been applied in the agricultural industry as well. This paper will describe the DL technology which represents a part of Machine Learning (ML), based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). It takes a special application in a machine vision where it allows machines to learn from experience, adapt to new technologies, and perform human tasks. Input data can be from a variety of sources: from classic digital camera shots to satellite images, as well as from recordings obtained by means of hyperspectral, thermal and infrared cameras. The increasing popularity and use of trunks in agricultural fields is increasing, and the very application of these new technologies leads to the huge amount of data that needs to be processed in real time, therefore, DL algorithms are increasingly used. The paper will summarize the current and considered possible applications of CNN in primary and precise agriculture in the future.

Didactically designed problems and students' active search for solutions are features that distinguish problem-based instruction from other forms of instruction. The paper analyzes the activities carried out by students in classes with problem-based instruction. The aim of the research presented in this paper was to study the quality and implementation of problem-based learning activities in biology classes, and also to discover correlations between problem-based learning activities and students' performance. 565 eighth-grade students participated in the study. The descriptive-analytical method was used in the research, and data were collected using the scaling and testing techniques. The results indicate that the problem-based learning activities studied tended to be an integral part of the process of solving biology problems in problem-based classes. Positive correlations were found between the frequency and quality of implementation of problem-based learning activities and student performance.

Biomass combustion is followed by emission of many pollutants, i.e. NO, NO2, CO, CO2 and in small amount SO and SO2 compounds. In order to find a suitable method for organizing the combustion process, it is necessary to analyze the influence of temperature on combustion pollutant products emission. Such an analysis is being performed by computation of the chemical thermodynamic equilibrium composition of the system, which yields the equilibrium composition of flue gases with respect to the combustion temperature. The thermodynamic computations of the chemical equilibrium enable reducing the range experimental investigations and estimating the probability of particular reactions. In the paper presented are the results of an application of the developed model on computation of chemical thermodynamic equilibrium of a system formed by compounds and elements contained in fuel and combusted air. The results are obtained at temperatures from 800-1700 K, pressure 1 bar, excess air  = 1.0, 1.50, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0, moisture content W = 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%, and for several different types of biomass. For practical application of computation results in the paper presented are the results of measurements of the local furnace temperature conditions at 1.5 MW and 75 kW boilers burning biomass.

The paper analyzes the possibility and the needs for the use of specific types of robots (mini unmanned aircraft with different designs and the designation of UAVs) and the possibility of using in agriculture (agrodrone). The year 2015 was proclaimed (Fortune Magazine, 2016) as the year of increasing and widespread use of UAVs in various areas of human activity, especially in agriculture and forestry (75% of use). This is important for large farm areas, where UAV has many useful functions and a very cost-effective commercial application. Today, the needs for UAVs have increased sharply with various opportunities for both civilian and military needs. There is also a significant interest in the development of new drones that can autonomously fly in different environments and locations and can perform various missions and tasks. Over the past decade, a wide range of applications for drones has gained the significance that led to the discovery of various types of unmanned UAVs of different sizes and weights. In this review, the classification of UAVs ranging based on a detailed overview of the development of the drone industry in recent years, this paper demonstrates the evolution of drones and differents application technologies. Of course, this development is very advanced and revolutionary, as well as the development of mobile and smart phones and the Internet, which will open the way for many users to participate in defining the future of UAV implementation. LIVONA Company, Belgrade, Serbia (and Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade, in tehnical cooperation) has a study and plans on the implementation of the model micro drone EBee SQ Livona RTK in the future general plans for inspection of protection Soils of territory Minicipality of Stara Pazova (351 km2), and agricultural company Napredak, and exspecially plans for soils of agriculture of R. Serbia. VEKOM GeoCompany from Belgrade, (in cooperation with Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade), has a study and plans on the implementation of the model of the drone Aibot KX6 model, in the future of application of agricultural soils of region Open pit Kolubara for area from app. 600 km2 and the other soils of Region). Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade, in cooperation with Municipality of Ub, has a study and plans on the implementation of the model micro drone Hubsan H109S X4 PRO in the future plans general inspection of protection Soils and Waters of territory of Municipality Ub (456 km2). U radu su analizirane mogućnosti i potrebe upotrebe specifičnih vrsta robota (mini bespilotnih letelica sa različitim dizajnom, o značane kao UAV) i način korištenja u poljoprivredi (agrodron). Časopis Fortune je 2015.godinu proglasio kao godinu sve većeg i široko rasprostranjene upotrbe UAV letelica, u različitim oblastima ljudske delatnosti, posebno u poljoprivredi i šumarstvu (75% upotrebe). Ovo je naročito važno za velike farme i oblasti pod šumama, gde UAV ima mnogo korisnih funkcija i veoma isplative komercijalne aplikacije. Danas, potrebe za UAV imaju nagli porast sa različitim mogućnostima kako za civilne tako i za vojne potrebe. Takođe postoji značajan interes za razvoj novih bespilotnih letelica koji mogu autonomno leteti u različitim okruženjima i lokacijama i obaviti različite misije i zadatke. Tokom protekle decenije XXI veka, širok spektar aplikacija za bespilotne letelice je dobio značaj koji je doveo do konstrukcija različitih tipova bespilotnih UAV, različitih veličina i težina i svakako namene. Naravno , tehnološki razvoj kod dron sistema je veoma tehničko -tehnološki napredan i revolucionaran, uz razvoj mobilnih i pametnih (android) telefona i interneta, brzo otvora puteve i mogućnosti za mnoge korisnike u definisanju nove budućnosti implementacije UAV različitim oblastima primene. Kompanija Livona d.o.o., Beograd i Institut za poljoprivrednu tehniku, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Beogradu, u tehničkoj saradnji imaju planove o implementaciji modela mikro drona EBee SK Livona RTK u narednim generalnim planovima za inspekciju, zaštitu i korišćenje poljoprivrednih zemljišta Republike Srbije, i posebno teritorije Opštine Stara Pazova (351 km2), gde je posebno mesto poljoprivrednog preduzeća Napredak a.d. VekomGeo d.o.o, Beograd u saradnji sa Institutom za poljoprivrednu tehniku Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu ima planove o budućoj upotrebi drona model Aibot X6, za nadzor na površinama od 600 km2 (i poljoprivredna zemljišta) otvorenog kopa R.B. Kolubara ili drugih objekata. Institut za poljoprivrednu tehniku, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Beogradu, ima planove o saradnji sa opštino m Ub, zbog upotrebe modela mikro drona Hubsan H109S Ks4 PRO u inspekciji oko zaštite i načina korišćenja zemljišta i vo da na ovoj teritoriji (456 km2).

The paper deals with the conclusion and implementation of the international treaties in the legal systems of the three neighbouring countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Croatia. The normative framework of the analysis is the relevant provisions of the constitutions and laws regulating the conclusion and implementation of the international treaties. The author points to the importance of the international treaties and the importance of regulating their conclusion and implementation. The first part of the paper is devoted to the place that international treaties have in the legal systems of these countries. The main part of the paper analyses the laws governing the procedure for concluding and implementing international treaties in these countries. The aim of the paper is to examine the similarities and differences in the ways of regulating relations with international treaties, as well as the procedure for concluding and implementing the international treaties. It is particularly pointed to the similarities and differences between the two countries that are in the process of EU integration and Croatia, already being a member of the EU. In conclusion, there are several common characteristics, but also certain differences.

The paper deals with some aspects of the presence of ideological discourse in literary works for children and the young from a diachronic perspective, showing that this field of literature is not deprived of ideology. After identifying the forms in which ideological aspects appear in literary texts, we will consider the pedagogical discourse as a way to exert a corrective influence on young readers. We will then point out the impact of the state cultural and educational policy on literary texts, as a way of influencing the adoption of a dominant social ideology by young readers. This form of ideological discourse is conditioned by the state system, which means that the establishment of the Yugoslav identity among young readers was carried out within the royalist context in the period of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and in the context of the socialist ideology in the SFRY period. We will provide examples to illustrate how, apart from the dominant ideology, subversive literary texts based on the critical presentation of the reality were written as well with the aim of destabilising the state system (both in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia). The post-Yugoslav period witnessed a decanonisation of the Yugoslav literary corpus and the formation of the national canons, while some writers, who used to be a part of the common cultural heritage, were marginalised in some national corpora or received a dual canonisation. The traps of ideological inferences will be presented at the end of the paper. All forms of ideological discourse previously discussed in the paper illustrate the complexity of the ideological discourse in literature and emphasise the importance of careful and critical reading of literary texts.

This paper presents the application of cognitive radio technology in vehicular ad-hoc networks aimed to improve the communications between vehicles themselves as well as between vehicles and roadside infrastructure. Due to dynamic approach of spectrum access, cognitive radio is a technology that enables more efficient usage of radio-frequency spectrum. We review actual approaches and discuss research challenges related to the use of cognitive radio technology in vehicular ad hoc networks with emphasis on architecture, spectrum management as well as QoS optimization. The researching on cognitive radio application in vehicular networks is still developing and there are not many experimental platforms due to their complex setups. Some related research projects and cognitive radio realizations are provided in this paper.

This paper discusses the corrosion and scaling potential of shallow groundwater from two aquifers(Kljuc and Trnovce) in the Velika Morava River alluvium. Values of the most commonly used indicators, such as Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index, Larson-Skold Index and Aggressive Index were calculated to determine corrosion potential and stability. Additionally, the paper analyzes the psysico-chemichal parameters that impact corrosion processes. The calculated results show that Trnovce water source has more aggressive groundwater then - the Kljuc water source. Based on the calculated RSI values, 92.8% of the samples from Trnovce and 84.2% of the samples from Kljuc groundwater sources show corrosive potential. Calculated LSI shows that 82% of the groundwater samples from Trnovce and 36.8% of the samples from Kljuc have negative values, which implies corrosive properties and inability to retain existing CaCO3. The Aggressive Index indicates that 67.8% of the samples from Trnovce belong to moderately corrosive waters, unlike groundwaters from Kljuc water source, where only 26.3% of the samples show these properties. The small calculated values of LSkI Index, which are significantly below the limit of 0.8, imply that protective layer (film) cannot be formed. High water hardness are characteristic for both water sources, also as periodically elevated concentrations of dissolved oxygen, could contribute to the development of corrosion processes.

Airport terminals are designed by level of service standards which are regulated by International Air Transport Association (IATA). Level of service offered to passengers, regarding to the primary processes, is not necessarily equivalent to the level of service perceived by them. The fact that passengers spending longer times in terminals makes the secondary processes more important in passenger experience. Aiming to improving airport attractiveness, and business success, passenger perception is approached by paying close attention. This paper discusses the two aspects of level of service. Concept of level of service used in air traffic industry with purpose of designing and planning of passenger terminal is derived from the Highway Capacity Manual. Subject of the paper regards last changes which have been introduced during 2014. Second part of the paper explains the needs of examining and analyzing passenger perception from the management point of view, and gives overview of methods which are conducted during researches. Similarities and differences are shown among measurements of level of service and perceived level of service, including the importance of these aspects mutual complementing.

The aim of the research presented in this paper is the analysis of the connection of the students' metacognitive levels and educational outcomes in the area of cognition. The research was performed with a sample of 746 respondents, both genders, first-year students in grammar schools in Novi Sad. The technique used was testing, the instrument was the test of metacognitive abilities of students, construed according the five levels Likert' scale and Physics knowledge test. The results of the questionnaire were processed by statistical procedure. The program used was IBM SPSS 20 Statistics, descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and simple linear regression. In this analysis the criterion was the score that the students got on the knowledge test and subtests on the levels of knowledge, understanding and application, and the predictor was the score obtained on the test of metacognitive abilities. The research enabled a valuable insight into the connectedness of metacognitive abilities and efficiency in learning physics. Statistically significant connectedness was found between metacognitive abilities and efficiency in learning physics on the levels of knowledge, understanding and application, and all three levels together. The paper ends with stating the importance and pedagogic implications of the research results.

The aim of this paper is to discuss analytically the use of informational communication technologies (ICT) in education so that education system could have greater benefits from its carefully planned use. In this paper we tried to show the specificity of the relations between education and ICT. Many things in that relation are accepted for granted, often without much analyzing. We selected some of typical misconceptions which contribute to erroneous ideas about education and ICT relation resulting in limited opportunities for using up new technologies in education. When analyzing ICT in education there is no room for the question whether to use new technologies in the teaching/ learning process or not, but when, why and how to use them. In order to bring these decisions and use ICT potentials for educational purposes, thorough understanding of the nature of teaching and learning is necessary. Education should not be just a buyer or a prudent user of numerous ICT possibilities but it should carefully and thoughtfully transform the teaching/learning process in order equip future and nowadays citizens with skills necessary for living and working in the environment with significantly changed technology. Much more researching and theoretical work is needed in order to fully understand how ICT really influences the learning process and how to use that influence in order to enhance the quality of education.

School learning takes place in an environment which is, among other factors, defined by the quality of the socio-emotional interactions and relationships between teachers and students. In recent years, an increasing number of studies and papers have drawn attention to the importance and role of the socio-emotional relationship between teachers and students in the process of teaching and learning. This paper analyzes the socio-emotional interaction of teachers and students, the role of emotions in the process of teaching and learning, and attachment to a teacher as a specific quality of the emotional relationship between students and teachers. The paper presents the findings of numerous studies which indicate that various aspects of the socio-emotional relationship are important for learning, for students' intrinsic motivation, their academic achievement, self-efficacy, self-perception, social relationships with their peers and teachers, school adjustment, engagement and eagerness to learn, and emotional and behavioral problems. The quality of their relationship with students also affects the enthusiasm of teachers, their job satisfaction, stress levels and well-being. The paper points out that a teacher can be a secure base for students at school, providing them with the security and support they need for free research and learning in the school environment. The final section of the paper offers general guidelines for improving teaching practice based on what is known about the importance of a positive socio-emotional relationship between teachers and students.

The reform of vocational education in Serbia is focused on the introduction of the so called dual system. The current form of this system originates from the reforms of the continuation schools in Germany near the end of the nineteenth century. The paper presents the reform of these schools led by Georg Kerschensteiner, one of the founders of the dual system. The first part of the article is devoted to a wider economic and social context in Germany at the end of the nineteenth century and the problem of the working - class young people, which led to the educational reform. The central part of the paper considers the reform of the continuation schools in Munich from the theoretical aspect and the aspect of the realization. The main goal of education in continuation schools, according to Kerschensteiner's pedagogic concept is the development of moral character of students, future citizens. The goal was to be achieved through three tasks in the domain of education: individual, social and civic education. The realization of the reform was analyzed from the perspective of the organization of teaching, and the roles of the participants: students, teachers, employers and municipalities. The end of the paper gives an account of the effects of the reform and public discussions initiated on that occasion. The conclusion stresses the importance of studying the Munich's reform and Kerschensteiner's pedagogic concept especially in those countries where the reform of vocational education is planned.

The problem of public transit network design belongs to the class of NP hard combinatorial optimization problem. Since optimal solution of this problem is difficult to discover, many heuristic algorithms have been proposed in the literature. By applying various heuristic algorithms to one problem instance, various solutions could be generated. We assume, in this paper, that decisions related to public transit network choice should be made in the presence of trade-offs between two or more conflicting objectives (usually, the passengers' and operator's interests are in conflict). In this paper, we propose the model for public transit network choice. The proposed model is based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The proposed model is tested on the one of the best known benchmark examples for the transit network design problem.

This paper presents the design and implementation of the smart web sensors. The paper briefly describes the concept of automatic configuration based on electronic specifications in industrial measurement and control systems as well as in distributed systems based on the OGC SWE family of standards. The model for the implementation of Plug and Play sensor in accordance with the IEEE 1451 family of standards is analyzed in detail. Special attention is paid to the network connectivity of analog sensors in accordance with IEEE 1451.4. The practical implementation of the 1451.4 compatible network processor for RTD temperature sensors and adequate software support for 1451.4 TEDS generation, are included in the paper.

The paper describes application of the methodology 'Process management', in providing of financial services at the post office counter hall. An overview of the methodology is given, as one of the most commonly used qualitative methodology, whereby Process management's technics are described , those can better meet user needs and market demands, as well as to find more effectively way to resist current competition in the postal service market. One of the main problem that pointed out is a long waiting time in the counter hall during providing financial services, which leads to the formation of queue lines, and thus to customer dissatisfaction. According that, paper points steps that should be taken during provide of financial services in a postal network unit for providing services to customers by optimizing user time waiting in line and increasing the satisfaction of all participants in that process.

The skill of transmitting the problem from the world of reality into the world of Mathematics is an important element of mathematical knowledge gained during schooling. This has particularly significant place in realistic mathematical education (Treffers, Gravemeijer, Van den Heuvel-Panhuizen, Romberg, Usiskin). In this paper, we are dealing with mathematical modelling in initial Mathematics teaching. First, we determine epistemological meaning of the term. Second, we present and analyse examples of mathematical modelling in real mathematical education. Third, we analyse the place of modelling in the actual curriculum. Finally, we analyse possible directions of development of the curriculum of Mathematics based on the comparative analysis of mathematical modelling in our programme and real mathematical education. The aim of the paper is to point at the significance of development of abilities of application of mathematical modelling in solving problems.

In the recent years, green roofs have become increasingly important, especially within the context of climate change. Besides the fact that are contributing to the increasing of the total urban surface under vegetation, green roofs are having beneficial effects on the quality and quantity of storm water, on reducing the effect of the urban heat island (UHI), the consumption of the energy for cooling and heating etc. Taking into account the fact that the development of green roofs have being increasingly used as measure within adaptation strategy to climate change, the main aim of the paper is to present an overview of the contemporary tendencies within green roofs development. The paper provides an insight within historical context, existing framework in terms of policies and programs which are promoting green roofs development and as well researches covering the performances of the green roofs. Special attention is also given to the situation in the Republic of Serbia. Consequently, one of the conclusions of the paper stress out the necessity to provide the conditions for promotion of the green roof development, not only as a measure but also as a passive cooling technique. In that sense, the recommendations of the paper are promoting the revision of the Draft Law on the protection and promotion of the green spaces, taking into account climate change and the role of the green infrastructure, developing of the legal and planning frameworks within spatial and urban planning which will promote the green roofs development as well the promotion of the research which will quantified other positive effects of the green roofs. Zeleni krovovi u urbanim sredinama poslednjih godina sve više dobijaju na značaju, posebno u kontekstu klimatskih promena. Pored toga što doprinose povećanju ukupne površine pod vegetacijom, zeleni krovovi povoljno utiču na kvalitet i kvantitet atmosferskih voda, umanjuju efekat urbanih toplotnih ostrva (UTO), umanjuju ukupnu potrošnju energije za hlađenje i grejanje objekata i dr. Kada se uzme u obzir činjenica da se izgradnja zelenih krovova sve više primenjuje kao jedna od mera za obezbeđivanje uslova za adaptaciju urbanih sredina na klimatske promene, osnovni cilj rada jeste da prikaže savremene tendencije razvoja zelenih krovova. Pored osvrta na istorijski kontekst, pregleda postojećih okvira, u smislu politika i programa koji zastupaju ozelenjavanje krovova kao strateški prioritet u borbi protiv klimatskih promena i pored uvida u dostupne rezultate istraživanja performansi zelenih krovova u odnosu na ispitivane parametre, poseban osvrt dat je na stanje u Republici Srbiji. Shodno tome, jedan od zaključaka rada ukazuje na neophodnost obezbeđivanja uslova za promociju razvoja zelenih krovova, ne samo kao planske mere već i pasivne tehnike hlađenja. S tim u vezi, preporuke rada su inoviranje predloga Nacrta Zakona o zaštiti i unapređenju zelenih površina u skladu sa novim tendencijama, uz uvažavanje klimatskih promena i uloge zelene infrastrukture, uspostavljanje zakonskih i planskih okvira u prostornom i urbanističkom planiranju koji bi podržali razvoj zelenih krovova kao i promovisanje istraživanja koja bi kvantifikovala ostale pozitivne uticaje koje ostvaruje zeleni krov.

Machine learning algorithms, and artificial intelligence in general, have a wide range of applications in the field of pharmaceutical technology. Starting from the formulation development, through a great potential for integration within the Quality by design framework, these data science tools provide a better understanding of the pharmaceutical formulations and respective processing. Machine learning algorithms can be especially helpful with the analysis of the large volume of data generated by the Process analytical technologies. This paper provides a brief explanation of the artificial neural networks, as one of the most frequently used machine learning algorithms. The process of the network training and testing is described and accompanied with illustrative examples of machine learning tools applied in the context of pharmaceutical formulation development and related technologies, as well as an overview of the future trends. Recently published studies on more sophisticated methods, such as deep neural networks and light gradient boosting machine algorithm, have been described. The interested reader is also referred to several official documents (guidelines) that pave the way for a more structured representation of the machine learning models in their prospective submissions to the regulatory bodies. Algoritmi mašinskog učenja, kao i veštačka inteligencija u širem smislu, su veoma značajni i primenjuju se u razne svrhe u okviru farmaceutske tehnologije. Počevši od razvoja formulacija, preko izuzetnog potencijala za integraciju u koncept dizajna kvaliteta (engl. Quality by design), algoritmi mašinskog učenja omogućavaju bolje razumevanje uticaja kako formulacionih faktora tako i odgovarajućih procesnih parametara. Algoritmi mašinskog učenja mogu biti od naročitog značaja i za analizu velikog obima podataka koji se generišu korišćenjem procesnih analitičkih tehnologija. U ovom radu su ukratko predstavljene veštačke neuronske mreže, kao jedan od najčešće korišćenih algoritama mašinskog učenja. Prikazani su procesi treninga i testiranja mreža, kao i ilustrativni primeri algoritama primenjenih za različite potrebe razvoja i/ili optimizacije farmaceutskih formulacija i postupaka njihove izrade. Takođe, dat je i pregled budućih trendova u ovoj oblasti, kao i novijih studija o sofisticiranim metodama, poput dubokih neuronskih mreža, i light gradient boosting algoritma. Zainteresovani čitaoci se takođe upućuju na nekoliko zvaničnih dokumenata (vodiča), po uzoru na koje mogu da se očekuju i preporuke za strukturiranu prezentaciju modela mašinskog učenja koji će se podnositi regulatornim telima u okviru dokumentacije koja se priprema za potrebe registracije novih lekova.

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the results of the pedagogical approach that was created to develop the competencies of a critical and reflective professional. The pedagogical approach was developed for the master's level Planning Theory course at the Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade. The specifics of the pedagogical approach stemmed from the need to consider a number of new issues relevant to improving planning practices, planning systems and the domain of spatial development in Serbia, which have emerged during the period of transitional reforms in Serbia since 2000. The case of preparing the plan of detailed regulation for the Avala Film complex in Kosutnjak, which was also the subject of the work of students in the school year 2020/21, was taken as a testing ground to illustrate the approach. The methodological steps in the analysis of the case clearly indicated the following problems in the field of spatial development: a) urban plans serve as an instrument for the alienation of publicly owned land, b) public policies are selectively considered in the decision-making process on spatial development, c) formal planning procedures are insufficiently clear and have gaps in formulations, which creates space for ambiguous interpretations, d) decision-making positions on strategic development priorities and issues of public interest are not clearly defined and e) key issues on spatial development are resolved in the domain of political rather than professional decision-making. Based on the analysis of the planning process for the Avala Film complex, recommendations for improving planning practice, i.e. the spatial governance system in Serbia are made. They are essentially aimed at improving the legislative system in the decision-making process, with an emphasis on formalizing positions of competence, determining mechanisms for the alienation of public property, improving the transparency of procedures and re-positioning the role of the profession in that process.

Hydrologic models are important for effective water resources management at a basin level. This paper describes an application of the HEC-HMS hydrologic model for simulations of flood hydrographs in the Lukovska River basin. Five flood events observed at the Mercez stream gauge were available for modelling purposes. These events are from two distinct periods and two seasons with different prevailing runoff generation mechanisms. Hence the events are assigned to either ?present? or ?past?, and ?spring? or ?summer? group. The optimal parameter sets of each group are obtained by averaging the optimal parameters for individual events within the group. To assess model transferability, its applicability for simulation of flood events which are not considered in the model calibration, a cross-validation is performed. The results indicate that model parameters vary across the events, and that parameter transfer generally leads to considerable errors in hydrograph peaks and volumes, with the exception of simulation of summer events with ?spring? parameters. Based on these results, recommendations for event-based modeling are given.

States’ cultural policies for international relations take various forms, both intangible and tangible. This paper will focus on the latter, namely, exported architectural manifestation utilized as cultural negotiation tools. In this research, exported architecture is considered to be any built (realized) spatial manifestations, non-native to the county in which it is placed. Subsequently, architecture is viewed and examined as a cultural resource, having the power to influence bilateral relations presenting a new term, ‘soft power architecture’ as conceived, exported, and state-controlled spatial manifestation, with a clear set of goals inscribed within cultural relations policies. The notion of architecture-as-a-negotiating-instrument between various actors is introduced, borrowing from Joseph S. Nye’s definition of the term “soft power” postulated as, in the most basic terms, as the ability to attract, with attraction often leading to acquiescence.These typologies have a profound impact and yet the policy makers remain unaware of the importance of architectural manifestations as cultural resources. Requirements of the re-conceptualization of the state’s policies regarding the planning, implementation and management processes for diplomatic-consular outpost will be discussed. Lastly, the case study of the new Japanese embassy in Belgrade, Serbia, will be examined, noting particularities of its processes, arguing an unintentional paradigmatic shift, providing a theoretical and methodological framework for future research. Међународни односи и пратеће стратегије културне размене могу попримати различите облике, како нематеријалне, тако и опипљиве. Овај рад ће се фокусирати на другу категорију, наиме, извезене архитектонске манифестације које се могу користити као оруђе у политици културне размене. У овом истраживању, за извезену архитектуру сматра се било која изграђена (реализована) просторна манифестација, која потекла из окружења у којем је смештена. Архитектура ће бити посматрана и испитивана као културни ресурс, који има моћ утицаја на билатералне односе, представљајући нови термин, „Soft Power архитектура“ који подразумева пројектовану, извезену и државно-контролисану просторну манифестацију, са јасним циљевима који одражавају тежње политике културне размене. Уводи се и појам архитектуре као инструмента преговарања између различитих актера, интерпретирајући дефиницију појма „soft power“ Џозефа С. Наја, која је дата, у најосновнијим цртама, као способности привлачења, са привлачношћу која често води ка прихватању ставова друге стране. Ове типологије могу имати снажан утицај по више основа, првенствено на просторну интеракцију и националну репутацију, међутим, креатори политике и стратегија остају несвесни важности раније поменутих архитектонских манифестација као културних ресурса. Чланак ће поставити теоретске оквире неопходности ре-концептуализације државних политика у погледу процеса планирања, спровођења и управљања дипломатско-конзуларним испоставама. Такође, проучавањем студије случаја нове јапанске амбасаде у Београду, примећује се специфичност њених управљачких процеса као и новонасталих просторних последица, стварајући парадигматични помак, описујући теоријски и методолошки оквир за будућа истраживања.

The paper present the results of the synthesis of a new refractory coating based on basalt for the protection of metal construction under conditions of cavitation. Initial basalt samples obtained from the locality Vrelo - Kopaonik. The basalt based refractory filler was obtained by crushing and grinding selected samples of basalt rock. XRD, SEM and optical microscopy methods were used to characterize the obtained filler samples. The research defined the composition of basalt -based coating with epoxy resinbased binder, organic additives and organic solvent. The resistance properties of protective coatings applied to metal surface were investigated using the ultrasonic vibration method with a stationary sample according to the ASTM G 32 standard. To evaluate the resistance of the sample surface to the action of cavitation, the sample surface was examined before and during testing. The surface of the samples was monitored by scanning electron microscopy in order to analyze the morphology of surface damage. Computer image analysis according to the Image Pro Plus program was applied to assess the damage to the sample surface. The obtained test results showed high resistance of the coating layers to the effect of cavitation, with small mass losses, small damage to the coating surface and a cavitation rate of 0,1 mg/min.

The paper shows the configuration of a new educational machine based on hybrid kinematics mechanism. The concept of a three-axis O-X hybrid mechanism is described, consisting of a single serial translational axis and a two-axis parallel mechanism that can operate in two variants, with extended form O and crossed form X-joints of the parallel mechanism. The virtual prototype of the machine was configured in a CAD/CAM environment, where simulations of the mechanism's operation were performed. A programming system for machine has been prepared that also enables program verification. An open architecture control system based on the LinuxCNC platform has been configured for control of the machine. The trial work of the machine was performed in order to verify the realized prototype and control.

This paper attempts to answer the question as to whether the right to "life and death" of a woman (ius vitae ac necis) at the hands of male family members or partners is indeed a timeless category. Is it possible that in Serbia of the 21st century there is still a struggle to promote the "right to life" of women to the level of "basic human rights"? What contributed to the fact that the concept of innate human dignity based on "human rights", which dates back from the feudal social order, has not as yet fully come to life in Serbia as far as women are concerned. What social circumstances contributed to the Roman ius vitae ac necis to outlive centuries and take root especially in Serbia, only under a different name - that of femicide? This notion has been defined as "gender based murder of women, girls, and babies of female sex by persons of the male sex". The murderers in cases of femicide include partners (ex / current, spouses or extramarital), family members or relatives: father, father-in-law, son, son-in-law, etc. Both expert and general public wander whether enforcing more stringent norms by authorities or acting towards changing the consciousness of the abusers or both at the same time, can contribute to eradicating this devastating phenomenon in the 21st century.

A greater variety of pharmaceutical preparations can be administered by the parenteral route, the composition of which can be simple (aqueous solutions) and more or less complex (emulsions, suspensions, liposomes as carriers of active pharmaceutical ingredients, particle systems, solid implants/implants). In addition, advances in bioand nanotechnology have enabled the development of new classes of complex drugs, so-called non-biological complex drugs (and their similars) whose further development is expected in the near future, and which are in many cases applied by parenteral route. Parenteral preparations containing active substances encapsulated in the liposome-type carriers represent a class of non-biological complex drugs which have the longest use so far and whose properties and defined quality characteristics are being most examined. In this paper, an overview of mandatory and additional (specific) in vitro tests for parenteral liposomal drug carriers is presented. The fact that standard testing procedures are often not available in relevant pharmacopoeias (Ph. Eur., USP and JP), so that they can vary significantly between laboratories, contributes to the great variability of the results obtained and constraints in their mutual comparison. EMA and FDA, as regulatory agencies, have also participated in the preparation of certain documents and development of appropriate standards and guidelines for quality control of liposomal drug carriers for parenteral application.

The central role and the most important role, excluding the instability and occurrence of crisis business that come from outside the company have processes in the company. In order to maintain a position in a competitive market, it is necessary to define and implement business reengineering business processes in the enterprise. Given that modern technologies have an irreplaceable position in all business processes, it is necessary for manufacturers to adapt to emerging situations. In modern business conditions, tractor and engine manufacturers should provide alternative combinations of replacement of existing tractor equipment with suitable, which supports different applications using the same or new sensors. This implies extensive testing of samples of electrical equipment prior to installation, according to prescribed procedures and methodology. On the basis of the obtained results and defined technical-functional characteristics, an assessment of the usability of the examined sample and the system as a whole is formed. As business processes of reengineering require subprocesses and new procedures, the necessary laboratory tests and experimental research are carried out. Companies that use their resources best use their resources with their processes, achieving a competitive advantage that results in superior value creation. The results obtained lead to the acquisition of additional values ie the design of a new or redesigned product with a modern electrical appliance and a modern design. Advanced technologies for tractor electrical equipment aim to contribute to the overall quality of the tractor and enable the operator of the tractor to be efficient, comfortable, safe and safe in traffic. This paper gives a part of the exploitation research of the existing electrical equipment and laboratory testing of the functionality of the modern steering column with the associated sensor. The aim of these tests is to search for the alternatives of the electrical equipment components. The contribution of this type of test is uncertain as it ensures the quality of agricultural tractors and increases the competitive advantage. At the same time, it allows manufacturers of electrical equipment to improve the characteristics of their products.

Due to complex mineralogy and/or low content of base metals, some ores and mineral concentrates are not suitable for pyrometallurgical treatment. Therefore, those ores and concentrates have to be treated by application of the hydrometallurgical processes. Lower energy consumption and lower environmental impact are important advantages of hydrometallurgy over pyrometallurgy. Leaching of sulphide minerals requires presence of oxidants in acidic environment. Influence of temperature on leaching degree of copper from chalcopyrite in presence of hydrogen peroxide under atmospheric pressure was investigated in this paper. Results of the chemical and X-ray diffraction analysis of the concentrate and leaching residue were used in order to explain mechanism of the copper leaching from the mineral concentrate. Primena hidrometalurških procesa omogućava proizvodnju metala iz ruda i koncentrata koji, zbog kompleksne mineralogije i/ili niskog sadržaja metala, nisu pogodni za pirometaluršku preradu. Pored toga, manja potrošnja energije i manji uticaj na životnu sredinu su važne prednosti hidrometalurgije u odnosu na konvencionalne pirometalurške procese. Prilikom luženja sulfidnih minerala sumpornom kiselinom rastvor za luženje mora sadržati oksidaciono sredstvo za oksidaciju sulfidnog sumpora. U ovom radu je ispitivan uticaj temperature na stepen izluženja bakra iz halkopiritnog koncentrata u prisustvu vodonik-peroksida kao oksidansa pri atmosferskom pritisku. Hemijska i rendgenska difrakciona analiza polaznog koncentrata i čvrstog ostatka nakon luženja su korišćene za određivanje mehanizma procesa luženja bakra iz ispitivanog koncentrata.

With the expansion and availability of satellite data, it has never been easier to keep track of vegetation indices and changes occurring on plants. The standardized vegetation difference index, NDVI, in precision agriculture is used to measure biomass intensity, while in forestry it is used to quantify forest diversity and leaf indices. Using the Yara N-sensor, it is possible to achieve significant savings in nitrogen fertilizers while increasing yield by timely application of nitrogen fertilizers in the right quantities at the right place. The results of the NDVI index before and after variable application of mineral fertilizer are presented in the paper. The aim of the research is to find a correlation in the algorithm of the Yara N-sensor with the available satellite imagery in the form of the NDVI index. Variable fertilizer spread makes sense because no statistically significant difference was observed between passages F, D, A, B, E and C and it can be concluded with 95% certainty that the NDVI index is homogeneous. Based on all the data processed, it can be concluded that variable feeding with the help of the Yara N-sensor led to the balancing of the surface NDVI index 30 days after fertilizer application. Also the average fertilizer consumption per hectare did not significantly deviate from the target application rate. The yield obtained did not show the negative effects of using the N-sensor. The use of this sensor has a high potential to reduce input costs in crop production.