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In modern times video cameras have been extensively used for surveillance of public areas, for security purposes, and to maintain public order. However, even though closed-circuit TV is ought to be used in the interest of citizens, video cameras also collect information about individuals, their movements, and their activities, which can be used to undermine their right to privacy. In addition, unauthorized and excessive manipulation of personal data could affect the freedom of assembly and association and the freedom of opinion and expression, which should not be tolerated in a democratic society founded upon the rule of law. Therefore, this paper discusses the application of video surveillance and its interference with privacy and civil liberties, with special focus on comparative and European regulation, and the almost non-existent legal framework pertaining to this issue in the Republic of Serbia. The final part of the paper offers several recommendations that could improve this complex issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human rights and civil liberties are the achievements of human civilization and development of the society, which are accepted by all progressive and democratic states as an integral part of the international legal order. In countries with a parliamentary tradition, with the separation of powers and control mechanisms, human rights and civil liberties are a category of primary importance. In accordance with contemporary requirements, a process of social transformation and reform of the police and security services was initiated in Serbia at the end of the twentieth century. The main objectives of the reform of the security sector are depoliticization, debureaucratisation, decriminalization and professionalization. In terms of operational organization and models of the Serbian Ministry of Interior, a universal model of "Community Policing" was accepted, which centers on a safe community. Police Act and by-laws are largely harmonized with the EU and international standards. The regulations and the rules everyday conduct of the police emphasize the principle of legality in the work, the protection of human rights and civil liberties, and the affirmation of the rule of law principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although civil rights and liberties have traditionally been viewed through a relationship between the state and the individual (i.e. the obligation of the state to refrain from interfering with individual rights and liberties), important aspects in exercising these rights and liberties are associated with the employer-employee relationship. This is due to the fact that, by entering into employment, an employee agrees to limit his/her autonomy at work to the extent necessary to perform under the power of an employer. Therefore, one of the focal issues of labour law is how to protect employees from the abuse of managerial, normative, and disciplinary prerogatives by the employer, which includes creating the conditions to effectively exercise the freedom of expression, the right to a private life, as well as other rights and liberties in the workplace. Any idea related to this issue will be incomprehensible unless it is built into a broader context that includes the links between the history of the human rights law and the sphere of employment relations. Hence, this paper first examines the issue of employees as holders of human rights and liberties. Subsequently, the paper examines the most important requirements and obstacles for enjoyment of civil rights and liberties in the workplace. A special section of this paper is dedicated to analyzing the strict requirements for exceptional limitation of liberties and rights of employees, while the conclusion deals with various theoretical interpretations of the recent "ascent" of civil rights and liberties within the field of labour law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the author deals with the question of formation of the state and legal subjectivity of Montenegro after it gained independence pursuant to the decisions of the Congress of Berlin. The decisions of the Congress were a milestone in the history of Montenegro and its statehood on both internal and foreign levels. Apart from improving the state apparatus in the normative and actual sense, they created space for the development of social relations on an economic, educational, cultural and, in a word, civic level, thus transforming Montenegrins from the status of "subjects" into citizens of an internationally recognized member of the international community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]