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U radu se prati razvoj civilnog apotekarstva na teritoriji Moravske banovine u periodu od 1929. do 1941. godine. Razvoj ove službe ogledao se u otvaranju apoteka po većim mestima, kao i u donošenju pravnih akata za regulisanje prometa lekova i sprečavanje neovlašćene trgovine. Rad je nastao na osnovu literature, kao i građe fonda Ministarstva socijalne politike i narodnog zdravlja, pohranjenog u Arhivu Jugoslavije.

Even though the Europeanization of Niš under the Obrenović dinasty (1878-1903) was a continuation of the Ottoman westernization, carried out in Niš during the late Tanzimat (1856-1878), it was not only a continued adoption of the advanced achievements of European culture and society. In Niš, under the Obrenovićs, the effort was also spent on removing everything that belonged to the culture and heritage of the Ottomans, and replacing it with Serbian, so that the city would catch up with other developed cities in the Principality of Serbia, in terms of appearance and the way of life of its inhabitants. This paper aims to show how deep the roots of the Ottoman influence were in Niš during the reign of the last Obrenovićs, through the most visible characteristics of its urban layout and the daily life of its inhabitants (habits, language, and clothing). Since the preserved archival materials written in the language of the administration mostly do not contain data on the mentioned aspects of everyday life, the research used the narrative records of authors who stayed in Niš during this period and left their observations about it.

The paper presents a reconstruction of the Albanian rebellion (1843-1844) with a focus on the analysis of its final phase which took place on the territory of the Eyalet of Niš. In order to better understand the Albanian movement chronologically and territorially, its key moments in other parts of Rumelia are presented and then their connection and reflection on the events in Eyalet of Niš. Having presented the problem in this way, the paper points to two important conclusions: that the Albanians in the Ottoman Empire during the first half of the 19th century did not reach the political maturity which was necessary for the realization of their political goals, and that, due to the complex political conditions and relations between the central and local authorities towards the Christians in the Eyalet of Niš, Albanians with their revolt actually accelerated the resolution of issues which were of key importance for the Christians in this Ottoman province.

Copyright of Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts / Glasnik Etnografskog Instituta SANU is the property of Institute of Ethnography, SASA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Serbian Archaeological Society is the property of Serbian Archaeological Society / Srpsko Arheolosko Drustvo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents and analyses the only known Early Byzantine marble life-size statue of a secular woman in the Byzantine empire, which was discovered in the Niš Fortress in 1931. She is dressed in an unpretentious but dignified stola with a wide belt under her breasts, necklace around her neck and cloak on her back, status symbols by which prominent persons were recognisable throughout the Middle Ages. Being aware of the fact that it is not possible to be certain of her identity, we have enough reasons to suggest that this is a statue of an unknown imperial woman (the empress or a woman from the imperial environment) who, like emperors, was presented with the cloak. As such, it was a common part of the city forum of Naisos, as well as a worthy successor to the composition of Tetrarchs and the statue of Constantine the Great. Stylistic analysis indicates the still living ancient heritage united with Christian concepts of the dress design and its resemblance to the dresses of women from the Empress Theodora’s entourage date it back to the 6th century and Justinian’s epoch.

Along with the architecture, this presentation also discusses the development of the study program at the Faculty of Electronics in Niš, which directly influenced the design of its new annex. With the idea of enabling a more thorough education and a faster interconnection between science and entrepreneurship, the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia invested in the construction of the Multi-Purpose Lamella at the Faculty of Electronics, University of Niš. The project was completed by the Teking Architecture Studio from Niš. The lamella is an extension of the existing building of the Faculty of Electronics, forming a coherent whole with it. The design concept of the building was developed by integrating a number of key influential determinants (program, place and time of construction), and it reflects and emphasizes the architecture of the original structure.

Front fortification towards Bulgaria, especially Pirot's positions, outposts of Nišavski direction, is the consequence of concern of Yugoslav military top for Eastern border securing. This fear was justified if there were taken into account relationships between two countries which were mostly marked with wars. From military point of view, Nišavski direction was sensitive for both sides. For Bulgarian side, that was the shortest way by which Sofia could be threatened. Yugoslav side feared the deterioration of Niš, thus disconnection of the important Moravsko-Vardarska communication. All war plans of Yugoslav army have foreseen at that direction the concentration of strong forces, and additional fortification as well so that to make use of natural obstacles. Nevertheless, foreign policy-related circumstances in the 1920s and 1930s, facing with highly more aggressive neighbour such Italy, and later on Germany, led Yugoslav General Staff to secure, among all, Northern and Western borders. Border securing with Bulgaria was approached only in 1940, after its join to Triple Pact. The works were interrupted by the beginning of April's war, and unfinished fortifications represented none obstacle for breakthrough of German forces.

This paper presents the competitions for developing urban-architectural solutions for Orthodox churches in Niš which took place from 1998 to 2021. In the past two years, student competitions for churches in Niš have taken place under the theme of "Sacred Architecture" at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Niš, in cooperation with the Orthodox Diocese of Niš. In addition to documenting the award-winning works, the paper analyzes the results of the competitions, with the aim of improving competition practice. The review of the competition entries is also related to the possibility of introducing sacral architecture into architectural educational, with the aim of improving the architectural design of Serbian Orthodox churches and documenting the competitions in Niš in order to development ideas for Serbian Orthodox churches. Based on the entries presented and analysis of the award-winning solutions, the importance of this phenomenon is highlighted.

Od 25. jula 1914. do jeseni 1915. godine grad Niš je poneo ulogu nezvanične ratne prestonice Kraljevine Srbije. Ulaskom Kraljevine Bugarske u rat na strani Centralnih sila, srpska vlada, državno rukovodstvo, Narodna skupština, diplomatski kor i ostali organi vlasti smešteni u Nišu bili su direktno ugroženi od napada neprijateljskih snaga sa istoka, zbog čega je preduzeta njihova evakuacija. Koristeći se arhivskom građom, memoarima i relevantnom literaturom u radu se prikazuju tok i detalji evakuacije Niša iz septembra i oktobra 1915. godine. Posebna pažnja u istraživanjima posvećena je evakuisanju diplomatskog osoblja, državne arhive, inostranih sanitetskih misija i industrijskih postrojenja.

This paper, based on archives and adequate literature, deals with development of shooting sport in Niš during the two world wars. Members of the Army had a significant role in developing this sport as founders, club presidents and the main support.

The paper deals with information regarding the events in and around Niš during the first few months of the occupation of the Kingdom of Serbia in the Great War (1915– 1918). Based on both foreign and domestic documents, the paper also analyzes the processes and undertakings regarding the formation of civil and military governments by the occupying forces, with special focus on the Serbian civilians and the health issues in the city itself.

The paper presents an analysis of the saga about Zahide Bacı, the legacy from the Sufi folklore which remained preserved as a part of the cultural and historical heritage of Ottoman Niš. The saga abounds with the leitmotifs from the legends and the parables of the holy people in Islam whose cults were honored as part of the popular religious tradition not only in the Ottoman Empire, but also in other Muslim countries. Through comparative insight into similar sagas, these leitmotifs are identified and their origins analyzed. In that way, we got better insight in the opus of syncretic elements taken over in this saga from the cultures and religions of the Near and Far East.

Cultural tourism integrates the culture and tourism sector, whereby mutual benefits can be achieved. In order to reflect favorable conditions in both sectors, it is necessary to approach the planning and transformation of cultural and historical heritage into a cultural-tourist product. The initial phase in planning is the valorization of cultural tourist values. Hilary Du Cros Model was created especially for the valorization of cultural tourist values. The model is complex because it evaluates the cultural-tourist sub-indicators and the degree of their gradation, separately for the tourism sector and the sector of heritage asset management. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the tourism sector and the sector of the management of representative cultural assets of the city core of Niš according to the Model Hilary Du Cros. After the analysis of sub-indicators, the city core of Niš was awarded a cell M (2,3), which points to favorable conditions for the development of cultural tourism, but it is necessary to approach more responsible planning of cultural tourist values. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 176008]

Providing library and information services to persons with disabilities has always been an extremely important segment of work in libraries, and it is especially challenging nowadays, in the digital age. This paper describes the process of introducing services for blind and visually impaired users at the University Library Nikola Tesla in Niš, which improves their studying conditions. By joining the TEMPUS project entitled Equal Access for All: Strengthening the Social Dimension for a Stronger European Higher Education Area in 2013, during which the University Library was equipped with the assistive technology for visually impaired students of the Niš University (Braille printer, magnifying glass, computers and corresponding software), it started to deal with the needs of this category of users in an organized manner and developed specialized library and information services to meet their requirements. This goal was reached by analyzing their needs, gaining knowledge in the field of legal regulations such as international and Serbian copyright laws and treaties, establishing cooperation with other institutions with experience in providing such services, composing necessary instruction manuals, and training of the library staff. Since then, the services for blind and visually impaired students, among which the most important one is producing specially-adapted books in accessible formats, which are hosted at the University Library local repository, have become a part of the standard library services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the session of the National Bank's Board of Directors, held on 12 December 1914 in Niš, the Governor, Georg Weifert, in his address, gave the consent to issue the new type of a 50-dinar banknote in silver, which had already been sent to the Banque de France in Paris for printing. It was at this session that the closer details about this banknote were disclosed: it was to be painted by Beta Vukanović, and to be printed in the still unspecified amount, with the first delivery of 100,000 pieces planned for 2 January 1915. The first batch of the 50-dinar banknotes bearing the date of 1 August 1914 was received at the National Bank in Kruševac in the first half of March 1915. It remained in circulation from 25 March 1915 officially until 31 March 1934. There was a total of 1,025,000 printed pieces in the nominal value of 51,250,000 dinars, without a single recorded counterfeit copy. This war banknote was, however, short-lived. Prepared hastily with some mistakes in the inscription, it was met with a surprisingly huge opposition among the people who nicknamed it pegavac (spotted fever), which is why the National Bank immediately stopped its further releases into circulation. Thus, it was actually withdrawn from circulation already in 1915.

The authors emphasize that violence in sport can be defined as a violation of the rules of the sport, along with causing damage, where such a behavior does not aspire to achieving the goal of sport. The phenomenon of violence in sport is also known in ancient times, when they were held gladiator fights. At the same time, violence in sport was observed in all epochs, but a systematic study of sports violence occurs only in the second half of the twentieth century. Neither Serbia was not an exception to the exercise of violence at sporting events. The first recorded case of violence in sport took place in 1936 in Zemun. However, an organized response of the state in the form of adoption of a special law to regulate this type of crime violence occurred only in 2003 - then the Act on the Prevention of Violence and Misbehavior at Sports Events. After that, the authors analyses the international documents on prevention of violence in sport, as well as the domestic legal framework. Furthermore, the authors analyzed data on criminal offense of violent behavior at sports events at the level of the Republic of Serbia and the city of Niš. The time frame of the research is limited to the period from 2010 to 2012, since before 2010. The Republic Statistical Office has not kept separate records of this criminal act, but it is counted in the so-called 'other offenses'. During the processing of data on the number of entries, prosecuted or convicted of offenses of violent behavior at sports events used a statistical method. The results of empirical research, which covers the area of High public prosecutor and High Court in Nis, indicating mild penal policy towards the perpetrators of violence at sporting events, avoiding the application of criminal prosecution conditional delay institute. In addition, the possibility of being subjected to psychosocial treatment, in order to eliminate the causes of violent behavior, in general, does not exist. The court reprimand like the mildest sanction dominates in the range of sanctions imposed. Bearing in mind that the offense of violent behavior at sports events includes elements of violence, according to the perpetrators is expedient to react by imposing certain specific obligations, for example the inclusion of individual or group treatment in a health institution or counseling. Bearing in mind that one of the educational orders, by its content, is identical to the above mentioned special obligation, it is also possible to apply these measures sui generis to minors.

In a comparative perspective, the paper shows students' attitudes towards family, marriage and parenthood obtained in an empirical study entitled 'Cultural orientation of actors/students, interethnic relations, national identity and the culture of peace in the Balkans' on the samples from the University of Bitola, Veliko Tarnovo and Niš. It analyzes findings from the three subsamples, and tests the hypothesis that students' religiousness and the firmness of their religious beliefs predicate their attitudes towards fami­ly, marriage and parenthood, irrespective of the country where they study. It is expected that the student youth in all subsamples shows preference for the individualistic model of partnership, symmetrical parenting, egalitarian partner and family relationships, but also that the choice of some attitudes clearly indicates the presence of traditional value patterns. At the same time, it is assumed that respondents who identify themselves as firm believ­ers, and those who express a lower level of religious tolerance towards other religions, largely follow traditional patterns in the notion of marriage, fami­ly and parenthood.

Anastasija Dimitrijevic was born in Prizren in 1816. She was the first teacher of private girls' school in Prizren, which was opened in his home in 1836. In Prizren, she had been working as a teacher until 1844, when he went with her sister to Nis. When the first mixed male and female school was opened in 1845 in Nis, Anastasia had already been determined to be a teacher. Later on, the school was grown into a six-year school for women, which was attended only by girls. Delighted with teaching profession, she has worked tirelessly for 40 years (first 15 years as a private, and 25 years as a municipal teacher), until 1874. Although she was expected to be retired because of Serbian liberation wars, that did not come true, so that she lived in poverty. Just until the end of 1880, she sent a letter to the Ministry of Education, which granted her with 300 dinars per year for living expenses. The teacher Anastasia Dimitrijevic died in 1886 at the age of seventy.

This paper presents the archaeological park Mediana as one of the most important Roman sites in Serbia. Despite its remarkable findings and the fact that is included in the cultural route entitled 'Road of Roman Emperors in Serbia,' Mediana still has not been properly presented or prepared for tourism. After conducted evaluation, we came to the conclusion that it is a cultural asset of medium quality indicators for market attractiveness and of high cultural significance/robustness, which makes it quite suitable for tourism development at a destination. Having in mind that the analysis was conducted when the site had seen its most important protection project, i.e. erecting of the solid construction over the villa with peristyle probably dating back from the epoch of Constantine the Great, we believe that the completion of this project will substantially improve results of similar analyses in the future. Along with the necessary professional efforts and additional measures for improving the appeal of this archeological site, Mediana can become one of the main destinations of cultural tourism in South-eastern Serbia and significantly contribute to the general image of tourism in the city of Niš.

Copyright of Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts / Glasnik Etnografskog Instituta SANU is the property of Institute of Ethnography, SASA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The authors who have written in the last hundred years on the bishops of Niš, in this period they have used mostly data from the two published lists. It is not difficult to prove they are neither accurate nor complete so that with this paper we are trying to amend them as much as possible. In order to be able to do that, we have to give some basic data for the archbishops of Niš, and bishops from earlier period of Osman's rule since they have not been so far given to any full extent.

Archaeological investigations carried out between 2008 and 2010 in the east sector of site Bubanj near Niš (Plan 1; Figs. 1-3) confirmed the existence of horizon of the Cernavoda III culture. In features 22, 23 and 31, which are the remains of settlement buildings, have been found archaeological material mostly pottery vessels, which according to style of decoration, technological and morphological characteristics could be ascribed to the initial period of late Eneolithic. Also, the dwelling structures of Krivodol-Salcuþa-Bubanj cultural complex have been recorded in the layer of brown soil with the remains of above mentioned Cernavoda III buildings. In the vertical stratigraphy of trench I (Fig. 4) the mentioned layer was encountered immediately under the layer of whitish/gray ashy soil and thin layer of compact soil of gray color (Fig. 5), which date from the advanced phases of the late Eneolithic and above the early Eneolithic layers. The settlement features recorded during 2009 excavations are parts of the structures from the settlement of Cernavoda III culture (Fig. 6; T. I-III). Feature 22 is section of devastated probably aboveground building, feature 23 is shallow pit and feature 31 is most probably the rubbish pit. Very similar stratigraphy of the site had been recorded by investigations of M. Garašanin in 1954. In the layer of brown soil, the material of Cernavoda III culture was discovered in level III, and in level IV both Cernavoda III and the material of the earlier Krivodol-Salcuþa-Bubanj cultural complex was recorded. These building horizons are at different depths within approximately same area of the trench and have been identified on the basis of considerable amount of daub and stone, two floor levels, wooden building material and fragmented pottery vessels (T. IV-VI). Despite the lack of technical field documentation remains of one above ground structure could be identified at level III according to descriptions from field journal from 1954. Certain finds from level IV indicate that remains of some floors from this level could perhaps be associated with structure from the settlement of Cernavoda III culture. Insufficient investigations and small quantity of published material from the settlements of this period and mostly singlelayered sites with poorly preserved cultural layer resulted in the fact that in certain areas there are only indications for the settlements. The position of the site at Bubanj suggests the importance of controlling the zone of confluence of the Nišava River and the South Morava River where from the roads branched toward north, south, west and east along the river valleys. The investigations of prehistoric settlements carried out so far at the site Bubanj confirm that areas of the Nišava and South Morava valley had been included in the cultural complex Cernavoda III- Boleraz, which covers rather large part of southeast and central Europe. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177020: Arheologija Srbije: Kulturni identitet, integracioni faktori, tehnološki procesi i uloga centralnog Balkana u razvoju evropske praistorije]

The site Kremenac has been known for decades as a location where large quantity of raw material for production of the chipped stone artifacts had been found. Only the excavations in 1995 and 1996 defined to a certain extent the artifacts, which indicated by their morphology the Lower Paleolithic date of this site. Because of the impossibility to study for the time being the material from the excavations this work deals with the surface chance finds, which are typologically and even more morphologically distinctive and on the basis of which it is possible to indicate the exceptional early date and importance of this site. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177020: Archaeology of Serbia: Cultural identity, integrational factors, technological processes and role of Central Balkan in evolution of European prehistory]

One of the most important Macedonian artists from the first half of the twentieth century, Gorgi Zografski (1871-1945), spent a part of his life in Nis, painting icons and frescoes in this town and around it. He also worked in the area of Southern Serbia (Surdulica, Kursumlija). While he was living in Nis, he painted a few portraits, however, they disappeared without a trace. One of his pieces, made in 1910, was discovered in Aleksinac in the mid 2011. It is a group portrait of a merchant family. The painting shows a married couple, elegantly dresses with three children. The work I signed and dated. It is a formal, ceremonial portrait based on a photograph. Although the coloring is rather poor, the figure of the merchant is considered to be the best painted nail portrait in Gorgi Zografski's opus. The 'Portrait of the Members of a Merchant Family' is a piece of art found after the death of this artist. Gorgi lived, worked and created in the area of three Balkan countries (Macedonia, Bulgaria and Serbia). The portrait is seriously damaged at three places by bomb shrapnels during the bombardment of Nis on 4th, April, 1944. When it has been cleaned of dust and some restoration interventions been carried out, Macedonian art will certainly be one outstanding piece richer.

The aim is to show the population statistics for the city of Niš, according to censuses from 1948 to 2011, analyze the large population by age group for the city of Niš by the census data of 1991, 2002 and 2011, to show the trend of natural growth (in ‰) for the city of Niš from 1986 to 2014, to show in detail the trends of some vital events (the number of live births, deaths and natural growth) and analyze the fall of population growth for the city of Niš and the Nišava district in the period 2002-2011, and to compare these results with those for the northern and southern Serbia and the Republic of Serbia. There is a continual increase in the population for the city of Niš and from 109,280 inhabitants in 1948 to 260 237 inhabitants in the year 2011. The analysis of population by age group for the city of Niš, according to censuses from 1991, 2002 and 2011, shows that there was a fall in the younger population (0-14 years of age) from 47,881 in 1991 to 36,196 in 2011, a growth of mature (15-65 years of age) from 174,715 in 1991 to 180,299 in 2011, and an increase in the older population (over 65 years of age) from 24,171 to 43,742. The natural growth for the city of Niš in 1986 was over 6 ‰, in 1996 it fell to 0 ‰, since then it was constantly negative and in 2014 it was -3.6 ‰. In Niš in 1999 were 2,313 live births (9.2 ‰), 2,851 deaths (11.4 ‰), and the natural increase was -538 (-2.1 ‰), and in 2014 there were 2,420 live births (9.4 ‰), 3,362 deaths (13.0 ‰), and the natural increase was -942 (-3.6 ‰). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bankarstvo Magazine is the property of Association of Serbian Banks and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Istorijski časopis is the property of Istorijski Institut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)