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Introduction: The treatment of facial bone fractures dates back to ancient civilizations, with various methods of prosthetic immobilization developed and in the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. In our literature, there are almost no studies that examined the quality of life of patients with facial bone fractures, although worldwide this is an extremely current topic indicating the importance of this problem. Methods: This paper will present results from professional/scientific relevant data sources on the historical development of maxillofacial surgery with reference to etiology, epidemiology and instruments for assessing the quality of life of patients with jaw bone fractures. Topic: Medical treatment of these surgical injuries involves a highly specialized team led by a maxillofacial surgeon. This paper deals with the etiology, epidemiology and quality of life of patients with facial bone fractures. Conclusion: Surgical interventions for fractures of the facial bones are becoming more and more demanding, resulting in development of maxillofacial surgery as an independent branch. In the etiology of facial bone fractures, traffic accidents are mentioned more and more often as the main way of injury. The incidence of facial bone fractures in human pathology is about 30 per 100,000 hospitalized patients. Research has shown that the quality of life in operated patients with fractures of the facial bones is significantly lower than those operated on some other region.