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The arrival of German guests in the territory of nowadays Slovakia has significantly formed the Slovak cultural environment in the Kingdom of Hungary since the 13th Century. However, the formation took place in both directions, so the Slovak (as the local) element naturally influenced the present German ethnic group. In this paper, we focus on mapping research focused on the Slovak-German relations. We present selected important scientific works from Slovak scientists as we try to declare on them the wide spectrum, that research in this field of Slavic studies offers. The study of Slovak-German linguistic and non-linguistic relations is a full-featured part of Slavistic research. It has a legitimate, well-founded place in the area of Slavic and non-Slavic contacts. This study is based on a mutual coexistence of these two different ethnic groups (Germans and Slovaks) in the territory of the former Kingdom of Hungary. In the paper, we were able to give some indication of a broad scope what this area offers. The broad scope for linguistic, historiographical or musicological research. However, they all have a common denominator, which is the importance of systematic archival research of written sources and, inter alia, presentation of its results. Thanks to complementary interdisciplinary research, we can have a better understanding of the past and the linguistic-cultural environment of Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Holiness was of great importance to medieval society. It was the goal of the earthly life of many people, among whom should be included members of religious orders. Many saints who influenced the masses with their lives came from the mendicant orders. The Kingdom of Hungary is no exception and in its medieval history such mendicant orders boasted a number of personalities who were ascribed holiness and sainthood. In addition to St. Elizabeth and St. Margaret there were other lesser-known saints who came from or lived in the Kingdom of Hungary. The Augustinians too were a mendicant order. Information about three such saints come from this medieval Kingdom of Hungary. This paper aims to analyse the fates of these three figures, about whose life in the order there is only brief information. The paper will focus in detail on the life of St. Vitus of Pannonia, who was one of the most important Augustinian order saints in the Kingdom of Hungary. In addition to St. Vitus of Pannonia, brief information about two others has survived, namely St. Sebaldus the Confessor and Blessed Francis Hungarus. This paper will try to find answers to basic questions, such as whether these personalities even existed, when they lived and what was their life story. I will also try to summarize the available information about some of the other saints in order to illustrate how the order presented itself through personalities who were able to influence the general public’s opinion at the time. The study will have two parts: the first one, which will outline basic information about the saints from the Kingdom of Hungary, and the second one, which will focus on the Kingdom of Hungary saints who belonged to the Augustinian order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The counties (comitatus) of Hont and Zvolen – Hungarian administrative historical regions – were affected by the reformation as early as in the first third of the 16th century. As time went on, a number of urban and rural parishes, or initially clerical estates, passed into the hands of Protestant landlords and the residents changed their religious denomination accordingly. The original Catholic churches – built in the majority of these places and having a particular patron – lost their character of places of worship. The cult of the church´s patron saints deteriorated or was ignored. In some localities, it ceased to exist, was transformed or completely changed. In some places, the Catholic landlords regained possession of Protestant communities (Lutherans). This fact could have had and in some cases it surely had an impact on the revival of the same or a different cult. The paper deals with this issue, using the example of sacral buildings of two neighbouring sites, namely the town of Krupina and the village of Žibritov. The author of this paper observes that Protestants did not have any direct influence on the change of patrociniums. It is only possible to talk about an indirect influence (in terms of slipping quietly into oblivion, ignorance or a total absence in documents). Changes in patrociniums or multiple modifications of inventory in the sacral buildings (altars) were only possible due to the recatholisation efforts of the administrator in the parish of Krupina (the parish priest) and the landlord in the village of Žibritov (the Koháry family). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the story of the name of one of the most important representatives of the Slovak nation. Jozef Miloslav Hurban, one of the leaders of the national movement, was active in the national emancipation process for more than half a century. The article analyses the emergence of this surname among the elites of Slovak society. It introduces him as a publicist and a village priest who became the main protagonist of the political and military struggles for the rights of oppressed nation. It shows what it meant to lead Slovak volunteer soldiers in the revolution of 1848/1849, who even got their name after their commander – „hurbanisti“. It talks about how a strong cult of Hurban was created in contemporary journalism, mainly in the 60s of the 19th century. We can find it in celebration poems, public greetings and glorifications especially by younger authors. Public criticism from the Slovak environment, which was levelled at to him for his historiographic or church-organizational activity, contributes to the balance of this picture. He was especially criticized for his positive attitude towards the acceptance of the so-called Protestant patent, by which Emperor Francis Joseph supported the rights of the non-Hungarian part of the Evangelical Church in Hungary. For religious disputes were in fact political and ethnic tensions. Although Hurban became a superintendent – Evangelical bishop – for a year thanks to the reform, these conflicts brought more troubles and public defamation. The article presents a plethora of Hruban’s critics and how they publicly portrayed him as an enemy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with a little explored topic. On the basis of presented data it states that the church tax aimed at defending Hungary was paid by a large number of church dignitaries. Besides secular provostries the tax also had to be paid by arch-deacons, Benedictine abbeys and Premonstratensian provostries. Based on the legal article, each church dignitary was obliged to pay half of all of his income. The question is whether it is possible to determine the group of those who really paid this tax. Using the obtained data, there is a good precondition for finding an answer to this question. In the following lines we will look for answers to the following questions: Who and how much would pay? Were some dignitaries exempt from the tax or were they accorded at least some tax concessions? In which years was the tax collected? Who would collect the tax and to what end would they invest the money? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]