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The paper deals with examples of Czech-Romanian language contacts based on data obtained by the authors during a field research in the Romanian part of the Banat, where the Czech community of Romania resides. The adaptation of Romanian contact items, cases of code switching, discourse markers, metalinguistic comments are discussed. The Czech speech of Romanians is analyzed for the first time. The paper deals with the cases of language contacts that were elicited from the narratives recorded during a field research in the Romanian part of the Banat. The influence of the Romanian language on Czech language is analyzed. The discourse markers, borrowed nouns and verbs, metalinguistic comments, self-repair cases, reiterations, code switching when quoting are discussed. For the first time in the issue of Czech-Romanian language contacts a group of Romanians who speak Czech (daughters-in-law in Czech families originated from Romanian villages) is described. The authors come to the conclusion that the borrowing of Romanian grammatical indicators does not occur, due to the isolation of Romanian homogeneous settlements in the past, the belonging of the Romanian language to another language family, as well as due to the relatively late migration of Czechs to the Banat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on a selected range of paroemiological units of biblical origin. The source connection with the Bible is discussed not only on the basis of a concretizing comparison of individual paroemias with the relevant biblical texts, but also in terms of the current perception of these units as biblical units by native users of Slovak, Czech and Russian languages, and that based on the results of international sociolinguistic research. The demonstration of the current differentiated vitality (knowledge and application in speech) of these units by the representatives of the three Slavic cultural and linguistic communities also draws from its results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this contribution, we focus on metaphoricality as a potential feature of phraseological units and we also try to answer the question what are the necessary features of phrasemes. Hitherto the (Czech) linguistic community has not built a general consensus about the constituent features of phrasemes. On excerpted phrasemes with so-called "base words" from the thematic unit the names of fairy-tale creatures, we find out how the transferred denomination [přenesené pojmenování] and figurative denomination [obrazné pojmenování] are related. We also monitor whether the phraseological units must be necessarily transferred and / or figurative. Furthermore, we try to find out whether transferred denominations necessarily need to have phraseological nature. From excerpted phrasemes, we conclude that: 1. some phraseological denominations need not be figurative or transferred; the necessary conditions for denoting an expression as a phraseological unit are only the multiwordness and secondariness of the appellation; 2. If there is a phraseological form (i.e. secondary denomination), it is always possible to create its meaningful parallel through the regular language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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There is about 6 × 10^15 eight-character strings from Czech small and capital letters and numbers. The vast majority of such passwords is impossible to remember because of no association with any “reasonable” contents. In this paper we come to an estimate that the number of meaningful Czech sentences containing 4–5 words is certainly by several decimal orders higher (even without distinguishing small and capital letters), and passwords created in this way are easy to remember. Further we show some simple ways to extend the “space” of such passwords up to ca. 10^40 theoretically possible strings without significantly complicating the possibility to remember the chosen password. A method for efficient generation of strong passwords is thus offered.