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The author's experience of emigration makes visible - in literary works and public speeches - one of the aspects of multilingualism as not only a consequence of migration and globalization, but also of the concept of metamultilingualism which contributes to expanding of our understanding of linguistic dynamics in literary production. Through selected literary texts and interviews with the Slovak-Swiss author Irena Brežná, the paper outlines the concept of metamultilingualism and literary multilingualism as one of the characteristics of the "new" world literature. Metamultilingualism as a generator of literary multilingualism is presented through the definition by Elke Sturm-Trigonakis and through its realisation in the form of linguistic commentary. The paper also takes a look at the reflection of languages in I. Brežná's writing as one of the frameworks of her work and a part of the literary process. At the same time, it looks at the concept of monolingualism as an artificial construct and multilingualism as a natural social condition as outlined in the theory of Yasemina Yildiz and Till Dembeck. In the analysis of the internal plane of the text, the article relies on the concept of manifest, latent, and excluded multilingualism, systematically elaborated by Natalia Blum-Barth, who, like Immacolata Amode, sees multilingualism as intratextual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines Slovak poems by a wide range of authors published in the last third of the 20th century and linked by taking as its theme erotic social interactions in urban public transport. The analysis is conceptually related to Bakhtin's chronotope of the journey and the topos of the encounter and to existing research on poetry with the motifs of accidental male-female encounters in the urban environment and especially in the context of public transport (Walter Benjamin, Alejandro Hermida de Blas, Josef Hrdlička, Pavol Minár). The essay also makes connections with related topoi and paradigmatic texts. The core of the paper focuses on encounters that are motivated erotically on the part of the subject and notices their various forms and distinctive features. It explores both the sensual side of the erotic theme and its reflexive overlaps that are typical of these poems. The encounter at the place of transit acts in the poetry as an opportunity for the subject to observe and gain knowledge and self-knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hip hop as a "cultural complex" -- as Richard Shusterman conceptualises it -- can generally be seen as one of the most somatic and gestural cultural phenomena. The paper focuses on the verbal gesture as one of the forms of hip hop gestures. Its scope is the analysis and interpretation of a representative sample of Slovak rap lyrics and is methodologically anchored in Nitra School reception aesthetics and Richard Shusterman's pragmatist aesthetics and somaesthetics (and in part by the phenomenologically oriented works of Maurice Merleau-Ponty) which are productive in the study of the body as a topic or iconic element in the text. The leitmotif of the article is, somatically speaking, "feeling up" -- of the genre, conventional verbal gestures tied to the body and corporeality (e.g. masculinity, expressivity and explicitness, objectification of the female body) and, conversely, those that defy or rather challenge core-like genre conventions of hip hop (and, within it, rap) by such mechanisms as "embodying" self-irony or by making the tracks take on the character of motivational or socio-politically engaged statements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mária Jančová (1908 -- 2003) has been primarily known as the author of children's books. This paper, however, aims to focus on her -- largely overlooked -- poetry. After an initial mapping of the theme of motherhood in Slovak women poets from the late 19th to the mid-20th century, the article takes a look at the phase of Jančová's writing career when she authored poems. Some of these were published in her only collection of poetry, Blahoslavení ([Blessed] 1940, 1968). The article provides a close reading of several poems and comments on the flowing of energy between the movements of the body (external movements and internal processes) and nature, with reference to the notion of "lyrical gestures" as defined by the French literary scholar Dominique Rabaté. It also discusses the image of the bodily connection between the mother and her sick little son and the transmigration of the human element into meteorological phenomena and flowers. The poet's inclination towards the country life connected to the elements and rhythms of life (in this collection) or her confessional-referential poetry of sentiment (present in other poems) may resonate with contemporary readers or inspire theory of the lyric. The essay's theoretical framework is based on the conceptualisation of motherhood in literary studies, philosophy, and art theory, and on theories that connect aesthetics with bodily processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the threat posed by paramilitary groups on the state? This paper seeks to examine the role and impact of paramilitary forces on domestic politics and how their involvement results in political (in)stability. It examines how the interplay between the Rapid Support Forces, a paramilitary force in Sudan and the Sudan Armed Forces has resulted in a humanitarian crisis since the overthrow of Omar Al Bashir's government in 2019. The authors argue that the formation of paramilitary groups is aimed at protecting the government from internal and external threats, yet these paramilitary groups can shift or withdraw their loyalty to the political leadership. Such a shift the paper finds creates a high potential for confrontation between the paramilitary forces and regular forces leaving the citizens vulnerable to mass atrocities and war crimes. The paper begins by examining the origin, spread and activities of militia groups globally and at the regional level before examining the concept of paramilitary forces. The authors then look at Sudan’s historical and contemporary experiences with paramilitary groups before discussing the recent crisis between the regular forces and the paramilitary force in Sudan. They find that the preferential treatment of paramilitary forces influences their actions during a crisis.

This paper is focused on examining selected Israeli technologies operating based on artificial intelligence and the possible use of these technologies by the Israeli Defense Forces in the war in Gaza. These technologies include the Besorah system, an AI technology for identifying and recommending targets suitable for aerial bombardment, as well as other forms of attacks carried out from a distance. The SMASH system is an automatic targeting and firing system for small arms. The Goshawk system is a fully autonomous UAV used for aerial protection. The IRIS robot can be used for the initial investigation of tunnels ahead of assaults. The alleged use of these technologies in the war in Gaza cannot be verified by independent sources, mainly due to the ongoing conflict. The paper strives to present a general theoretical assessment of these technologies and weapons from the perspective of international law and armed conflicts.

Objectives The main objective of this paper is to analyse the legal regulations governing the issue of supervision and control of compliance with cybersecurity standards by entities responsible for safeguarding cyberspace against threats. Material and methods The primary research method used in this paper is the doctrinal legal research method. It was applied to analyse the applicable legal regulations governing the supervision and control of activities in the sphere of securing cyberspace against attacks. In turn, the law theory method, also used in the studies whose results have been presented in this paper, allowed the assessment of actions being taken as part of supervision and control. Results The fact that the issues of supervision and control in cybersecurity are subject to statutory regulations should be regarded as positive. However, these legal acts exhibit certain flaws. Conclusions The legal regulations concerning security architecture must, on the one hand, take into account the freedom of service provision in cyberspace and, on the other hand, keep a lookout for continuous threats concerning unlawful interference with information and communication systems which are intended to provide such services and at the same time allow their use by customers.

Objectives The issues of environmental protection, including stopping the degrading climate change, are currently a subject of particular interest of the scientific community, policymakers, practitioners, but also all people around the world. Banking institutions, as a giver of capital, play a special role in financing climate protection activities. On the other hand, they are particularly exposed to climate risk. The main purpose of the paper is climate risk exegesis and to analyze the degree of climate risk inclusion in the bank risk management process in the case of the Polish banking sector. The conducted empirical research verified the research hypothesis stating that the Polish banking sector is becoming more and more oriented towards the climate risk among the bank risk management systems. Material and methods The following research methods were used in the paper: survey questionnaire method, case study analysis, observation method and synthesis method. The research procedure included two stages of questionnaire research, followed by the analysis and evaluation of the obtained results. Results It has been shown that the Polish banking sector defines its climate goals and is increasingly sensitive to the climate risk management, including them in its risk management systems. It also assesses exposure to climate risk in terms of physical and transitional risk. Conclusions The research and results presented in this study are important in building political awareness as well as public, social and economic activities in the field of counteracting climate threats. However, banks’ awareness is very important for financing projects that reduce degrading impact on climate.

This paper primarily aims to address aspects related to regional development in Romania, which has become a challenge both at the national and global level. The way regional development is approached is different, depending on the particularities of each country, as well as the governing ideologies in each state. However, the goal is common, one aims at shaping a competitive and strong economy, a high standard of living, access to education and medical assistance. The purpose of the paper is to compare socio-economic indicators from two time periods, to highlight similarities and differences and to observe their evolution within a 10-year timespan. The method used is Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify groups of statistical indicators (variables) that explain the level of development within a sample, in our case the development regions of Romania. In the context of regional development, PCA can be applied to extract relevant information about economic, social or demographic variability in different regions of the country. Several objectives of regional development analyzed through the lens of this method were pursued: identification of regional disparities, optimization of resource allocation, evaluation of the determining factors of economic development, monitoring of the impact of regional policies. Following the PCA analysis, it was observed that regional development cannot be evaluated by means of variables belonging to a single sector. This method allowed the identification of the variables that have the greatest weight describing economic, social, educational and infrastructure aspects. PCA was applied for two time periods and similar situations were obtained, the first main component called by the authors the economic statistics includes for both periods the indicators: Gross average nominal salary gain, GDP by development regions, Employees from research and development activity at the end of the year, Beds in health facilities (state and private). The second component was called social statistics and includes the indicator Employment rate in working age (15-64 years), and the third component called agricultural statistics includes the indicator Population served by the public water supply system. As a conclusion, we consider that the situations are not overlapping because there are indicators that have undergone changes during the 10 years, which is expected and normal in regional development. For example, the number of graduates decreased due to the continuously decreasing birth rate, the vacancy rate decreased in 2018-2019 compared to 2008-2009 because Romania went through the financial economic crisis.

The current geopolitical framework has forced European countries to redefine their energy relations and take rapid steps to become energy independent. In recent years, Europe has relied on Russian oil and gas, especially countries like Germany or Italy, but this must change and Europe must find a quick solution to achieve energy independence. Lack of investment in gas production will increase dependence on imports and affect the path to energy independence.The paper highlights the impact that costs have in the investment field. Technologies related to alternative sources of energy to the consumption of crude oil have been developed and are supported in the policies of the EUregarding the reduction of carbon emissions.If changes are not made in the way energy is produced, transported and consumed, humanity could face a major energy crisis.The aspects addressed in this paper are aimed at highlighting the sensitivity of oil companies to the mutations of the markets in which they operate, respectively raising interest in a preventive - anticipatory approach to future challenges.The type of research used in this paper is a descriptive one, with the aim of documenting and understanding the phenomena, and observation, document analysis and SWOT analysis were used as research methods.

This paper examines the constructivist turn in political representation from the perspective of Nadia Urbinati’s diarchic model of democracy. To properly assess the significance of Urbinati’s work, it is necessary to situate diarchy within constructivism. While constructivism aims to create new representation spaces for the excluded and marginalized, this endeavour faces challenges in allegations of elitism and manipulation. This paper compares democracy as diarchy with two prominent constructivist approaches, Saward’s claim-making, and Laclau’s hegemonic representation, and it suggests that both fail to address these allegations because they see procedures as external to democratic will formation. This paper concludes that Urbinati’s understanding of how procedures are inherent to democracy provides a valuable synthesis of proceduralism and constructivism, thus providing a novel way of thinking about democratic legitimacy within the constructivist turn.

This paper critically examines moral contractarianism, a moral theory centred on rational agreements among self-interested individuals to establish moral rules and social norms. It explores the challenges faced by moral contractarianism while also highlighting its strengths. Major issues, such as accommodating justice and fairness within the contractarian framework, are discussed, along with other challenges. Additionally, the paper provides a brief discussion of moral contractualism (a theory similar to moral contractarianism in certain aspects), highlighting its strengths in addressing some of the challenges faced by moral contractarianism while also discussing its limitations. The paper concludes by offering a revised framework of moral contractarianism that provides solutions to the major problems of injustice and partiality that the theory faces.

The paper focuses on identifying the possible, and assumed, implications of the concept of the Anthropocene for thinking about the human in a philosophy that accepts the transition from Holocene to Anthropocene thinking. The aim of the paper is to produce a systematic treatment of the philosophical-anthropological presuppositions of the concept of the Anthropocene. Illuminating the relationship between the concepts of the Earth System, the planetary boundaries and the Anthropocene has to be the focus if we are to delineate the basic anthropological issues so that they can be further conceptually elaborated from a philosophical-anthropological perspective. Such an approach aims to highlight the various interpretive disagreements not only in understanding the concept of the Anthropocene but also in understanding the meaning of the concept of humanity as a geobiophysical force.

The development of information technology and its use in everyday life must inevitably have an impact on public administration and its decision-making. Progress in artificial intelligence is also opening up wider opportunities for the use of automation of decision-making processes in public administration. Decision-making processes that once had to be handled by humans can now be automated. However, there must be a sufficient legal basis for this, setting out the legal limits of such automated decision-making. In this paper, the legal possibilities of automation of decision-making processes in the field of public administration in the Slovak Republic were examined, the obstacles that hinder the use of this tool were defined, as well as certain legal solutions eliminating or minimizing the consequences of these obstacles were outlined. The purpose of this paper was not to exhaustively describe and solve the problems with the automation of decision-making processes in public administration in the Slovak Republic. Rather, the purpose was to outline the problem areas that should be addressed in legal research in the coming period.

The paper focuses on the issue of automated decision-making in civil proceedings. First of all, attention is given to procedural institutes that direct and facilitate automated decision-making, in particular the digital court file and the legal framework of videoconferencing equipment, without focusing on electronic service of documents, which should be a separate paper. Asingle case of legal regulation of automated decision-making in the form of an electronic payment order is then analyzed (cf. Section 174a of the Code of Civil Procedure). For each of these fields, an analysis of digitalization to date is given, which is followed by a consideration of further developments. It also outlines the limits encountered by the use of modern technologies and the potential risks proposed adjustments.

This paper explores the evolution of the experimental paradigm in legal frameworks, tracing its development from early influences in comparative law to the contemporary application of regulatory sandboxes. It begins with the integration of empirical methods inspired by scientific research into the field of law. The exploration covers various aspects of experimental law, including federalism, comparative law, legisprudence, emergency and incremental legislation, soft law, sunset legislation, temporary regulations, and experimental legislation stricto sensu. The paper concludes by discussing the challenges and implications of balancing experimental law’s flexibility with the need for legal stability and security.

This paper examines the Talyshi people, an Iranian ethnic group divided by the Araxes River between Azerbaijan and Iran. The division, a result of the Russo-Persian War (1804-1813), placed the Talyshis within two distinct political and cultural paradigms. The northern Talyshis, under the successive rule of the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and Azerbaijan, were confronted with a Turkish political and cultural orientation that contrasted with their Iranian linguistic and cultural heritage. This orientation led to significant shifts in identity, with the Talyshis becoming minorities within a Turkic-speaking, Turkish-oriented Azerbaijan. Southern Talyshis who remained in Iran experienced a more consistent cultural development within the Iranian paradigm, despite political changes. This study examines the impact of these divisions on Talyshi identity, language preservation and socio-cultural adaptation. It discusses the challenges of assimilation and cultural preservation faced by the Talyshis, their linguistic characteristics, and the revival of Talysh self-awareness and nationalism in the face of external pressures. The paper uses a comprehensive analysis of historical, linguistic and ethnographic data to provide insights into the resilience of Talysh identity amidst political and cultural change.

This paper examines the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) among the Dawoodi Bohra community in Pakistan. FGM, a non-therapeutic alteration of the female genitalia, is examined through the lenses of religion, culture and health. The Dawoodi Bohra, predominantly based in Karachi, practice FGM as a religious and cultural rite, linking it to notions of purity and social acceptance. Despite global efforts to outlaw and eradicate FGM, it persists, underpinned by deeply held beliefs and the insular nature of the community. The physical and psychological effects of FGM are profound, leading to immediate and long-term complications such as severe pain, infection and psychological trauma. This paper discusses the impact of these practices on women’s health and rights, while critiquing the lack of an effective legal framework in Pakistan to combat FGM. In addressing this issue, the paper contributes to the broader discourse on gender-based violence and the rights of women and children in patriarchal societies.

The purpose of the study is to analyse the jurisprudence of the right to life and dignity as fundamentally protected rights in a South African perspective since the dawn of democracy and Constitution of 1996 hereafter referred to as the Constitution. This paper argues that South Africa as a state in applying the Bill of Rights and the Constitution might have encroached or applied laws that may have compromised justice in so far as the impact from the decisions of the courts are concerned. This paper will therefore examine how the courts have interpreted the law and the protection of the non derogable rights of life and dignity post constitutional democracy. The democratic government has a duty to reverse apartheid policies that stemmed from colonial laws. Apartheid laws segregated people and rights were clustered, and selectively applied along racial lines with a tiny majority of European-Africans as sole beneficiaries of rights while the African majority wallow in rightlessness. The authors will examine how the state interprets these fundamental principles of the constitution since the dawn of democracy. The authors hope that the arguments presented in this paper would assist in understanding the moral justification of the decisions in human rights cases in South Africa as the courts battle their way into the realisation of especially non derogable rights as set out in the Bill of Rights.

This paper examines how regional contextual factors influence Eurosceptic voting in Eastern Central and Western Europe. It employs a theoretical framework of multidimensional regional periphery and relative deprivation to explore how economic, spatial and demographic factors can generate collective feelings of deprivation among regional inhabitants. This relative deprivation is supposed to manifest as political discontent expressed at the EU level, either by attributing responsibility for regional peripherality to the EU or by blaming national institutions, potentially spilling over to the EU level. Based on an integrated dataset encompassing economic, spatial and demographic indicators as well as election data from the European election 2019 for 1169 NUTS 3 regions within the EU, the findings support the hypotheses. Poor economic performance in a region, relative to the national average and historical levels, increases Eurosceptic voting, and the impact of an ageing population is significant. Spatial infrastructure conditions have minimal direct but moderating effects: Eurosceptic parties benefit more from economic underperformance, if the infrastructure is also poorly developed. The paper further shows differences in cue -taking between Eastern Central Europe and Western Europe suggesting that citizens in Eastern Central Europe consider the EU more often as saviour than as creator of regional deprivation. The paper underscores the importance of regional contextual factors and infrastructural effects, and highlights the need to avoid one-size-fits-all explanations for Euroscepticism in Eastern Central and Western Europe.

Objectives This paper focuses on recognising and addressing the challenges of ADHD in early childhood girls. The paper aims to fill a gap in the scientific literature by focusing on the specificity of ADHD in girls, which differs from symptoms in boys. It also aims to raise awareness of the issue of ADHD among parents and teachers and to provide practical therapeutic guidance and educational support that is tailored to the needs of girls with ADHD. Material and methods The source materials for this publication will be various monographs and articles by special educators. The collected material will allow the analytical-critical method to synthetically realise the indicated aim of the work. Results Parents should learn to anticipate potential conflict situations, to exclude them or to plan in such a way that the child can cope with them. It is the parents' task to plan the day in such a way as to introduce a ritual and a daily routine of repetitive activities. Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder need to acquire skills to deal with conflict, emotional labile, anxiety and stress. Conclusions Often undiagnosed girls suffer alone together with their disorder. Close cooperation between parents and teachers is an indispensable element in the treatment of ADHD. A child with ADHD should be allowed to participate in the educational and educational process. It is important to get to know the peer group so that girls with ADHD can learn to recognise themselves and their own reactions and abilities.

This paper indicates significance of generational diversity management in modern business. Due to certain social, political and economic circumstances each generation is specific, with its own skills, interactions and expectations. What is common for all of them is the willingness to find the right employer. The one open to human needs and aware of their work commitment; the one to offer appropriate work surroundings, self- development and adequate gratification. The paper is aimed at presenting those generational disparities, for awareness of them is crucial in efficient human resources management. Worksite is the natural environment, where such age-related experiences and opinions clash, enabling to gain the right perspective and choose the most effective and innovative directing solution. Generationally diverse team brings multilevel benefits for both sites and aids enterprise development.

This paper examines how objectives of the European Union in the field of climate change affect the legal regulation of products and what impacts they also have on some connected issues. The current ecodesign legal regulation is based on the Ecodesign Directive and the particular requirements on products are then set in regulations following the Ecodesign Directive. The paper primarily focuses on the changes in ecodesign product regulation brought by the new Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation proposal. The issue of the proposed legal regulation connected with environmental claims is also addressed in the text as it is an important complement to the sustainable products legal regulation.

It is generally accepted that law consists of two main domains – private and public. At the same time, there is clear scepticism about the sharp separability of these domains. The problém of distinguishing private and public law is undoubtedly also a problem of public administration and its implementation as it is possible that the public purpose will also be fulfilled by private law norms. In addition, there may be legal institutes that combine more or less the norms of public and private law, for which the designation of hybrid legal institutes seems appropriate. However, such institutes may present some difficulties associated with legal dualism. The aim of this two-part paper (within its limited scope) is to provide a basic introduction to the issue of socalled hybrid legal institutes. In the first part of the paper, besides some general background, the text presents a triad of such institutes that are applied in the context of public administration and for which some debate over their legal nature could be observed in the domestic literature. In the second part (which will be published in a future issue of the journal), the text attempts to answer the research question of how to deal with these institutes, or rather considers some basic criteria for distinguishing private and public law in the context of public administration regulation.

This overview essay on the implementation of narratology on reading and interpreting lyric poetry presents the main principles of the so-called lyricology, which is based on the thesis that narrative structures, such as the presence of agency, mediation and sequencing (the ordering of plot sequences), can also be observed in lyric poetry. This line of research has been followed by scholars at German universities, but has also found its way into the English-speaking academic world. The paper defines narratological concepts which are readily applicable to lyric poetry, such as focalisation, event, narrative reliability, and hierarchical stratification of the narrator (biographical author - abstract/implicit author - narrator/speaker - protagonist/character in the plot). The essay presents narratological analysis of lyric poetry as an innovative approach to the reading of lyric poetry, but also highlights the potential pitfalls of this approach and outlines appropriateness of its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two women authors Viola Fischerová (1935 - 2010) and Jaroslava Blažková (1933 - 2017) belong to the same generation, but to (seemingly?) different national literary traditions. The writers ceaselessly experience in their life and work the Central European literary and political space from which they originate. The reception of their writing - by general and professional readership - is ambiguous in both cases. Although critics often suggest that from the literary point of view, they are individually "emptied vessels" about which there is nothing more to say, contemporary perspectives and literary scholarly discussions suggest that a return to their poetics is relevant. On the basis of established literary theoretical premises and by means of parallel analysis and interpretation (which also underline distinct authenticity of their work), the paper attempts to outline those aspects of the texts that might stimulate a renewed interest in the personalities and poetics of these authors in a broader context. In this way, it tries to transcend the boundaries (literary-historical, interpretative, etc.) that have been created for various reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the presence of the motifs of the body, senses and emotions, the degree of representation, functions, and meanings of somaticisms, the ways of aestheticisation of the body and the contradiction or integration of the motifs of the body and the soul in the poetic cycle Ukojenie tôní (Soothing the shadows, 1845) by Samo Vozár (1823 - 1850), a Slovak Romantic poet. Vozár's sonnets provide ample material for exploring the somatisms involved in the creation of the image (representation, personification) of death, but also of love (both maternal and filial). Corporeal motifs are tied to the object of the lyrical statement (the dead mother) and to the subject of the lyrical statement (her son). Stylistically neutral forms of somatisms prevail. These are used both in the primary sense (naming the parts of the body) and in the figurative one - in the depiction of other phenomena of the external and internal world. They "make visible" the affective experience of the lyrical subject, abstract phenomena connected with the inner experience (the soul), which is manifested in a higher representation of somatisms, which are conventionally considered as carriers, manifestations of mental, emotional movement such as the heart, tears, or blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper brings together two very topical and important themes. The first is the issue of the environmental footprint of transport consumption and the second is the current educational challenges of Generation Z representatives. The paper focuses on a combination of both topics, respectively addressing the education of Generation Z on the topic of the environmental footprint of transport consumption. The paper is prepared using a primary representative survey method based on an online questionnaire survey of representatives of Generation Z (secondary school students in the Czech Republic). The aim of the paper is to identify the educational challenges of the generation Z (studying at secondary schools in the Czech Republic) in the thematic area of the environmental footprint of transport consumption. The results clearly show the necessity of using audio-visual educational content and linking theory and practice, for example in the form of case studies. Generation Z wants quick, concise, up-to-date, interesting, and interactive information. Generation Z representatives clearly confirm the need to address human environmental impacts in education, adding that not enough time is devoted to them. They also confirm that there is a lack of study materials in this subject area and that they are not developed in a user-friendly way. Representatives of Generation Z are interested in further education on the environmental footprint of transport consumption. The findings of this paper can help both secondary school teachers, as well as school and curriculum developers and educational policy and strategy makers.

The paper contemplates the importance of Leopold Heyrovský’s position as one of the most influential professors at Charles University in the late 1800s. His textbook, as the first Czech-language textbook of Roman law, was first published in a position to be able to set forth the thesaurus of the Czech private-law legal terminology which is still used today. In this context, the paper offers an overview of the preceding position of the Czech language in the legal system.

The paper will attempt to entertain the possibilities of understanding a picture as the interface of its author, era and the inner world of the perceiver, or, in other words, as the interface of the subjective and the objective, outer and the inner, the presented and the intended. It draws attention to understanding and the cognitive aspect of perception, as well as the role of emotions in perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study contributes to interpreting the depiction of Blessed Ludovica Albertoni, which has become an identifying feature of Veronika Rónaiová's work. The depiction of Ludovica has its formal and semantic antecedents in the work of the Baroque sculptor G. L. Bernini. Since 1988, she has appeared regularly in Rónaiová's paintings, drawings on paper, on the wall, and her body. This study looks at these depictions from the perspective of the concept of Nachleben and Pathosformeln developed by Aby Warburg and followed up by Georges Didi-Huberman with his theory of anachronism. The concept of Nachleben draws attention to those forms that survive and return in art as if in the eternal return, and in this way, survive, like Rónaiová's Ludovika. The formula of ecstatic pathos, which is emphasized in the text, draws attention to the emotive gestures or emotional experiences that leave an artistic trace in subsequent artistic epochs. Rónaiová's depictions of Ludovica are interpreted in terms of the formula of ecstatic pathos generated by Baroque sculpture and emerging in contemporary artistic discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transfer Technológií Bulletin (TTB) is the property of Slovak Centre of Scientific-Technical Information (CVTI SR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hesiod's Pandora as the first fembot idea? Main purpose of the paper is to answer the question of whether Hesiod's Pandora in Theogony and Works and Days represents the first idea of an artificial woman, i.e., a kind of fembot or gynoid, in Western thought. The fulfilment of this aim is depending on answering several sub-questions: 1. to identify what fell within the ideological framework of intelligent technology in ancient Greek thought (especially in the poetic mythological tradition); 2. to answer the question of how Pandora and her artistic representations relate to the Greek custom of agalmatophilia; and 3. above all, to indicate what is the difference between the creation of Pandora and the creation of the first humans in ancient mythology. In our inquiry, we will build on the interpretations Adrienne Mayor offers in her famous book Gods and Robots: Myths, Machines and Ancient Dreams of Technology (2018), and we will critically contest them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zdravotnicke listy is the property of Alexander Dubcek University in Trencin, Faculty of Nursing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zdravotnicke listy is the property of Alexander Dubcek University in Trencin, Faculty of Nursing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the findings of an experimental study which examines how effective peer feedback is as a substitute for teacher feedback in computer-mediated multiple-draft feedback provision on undergraduate EFL learners’ writing. Sixty-five university students were assigned to two comparison groups to receive different feedback treatments. The first group (N = 33) was given multiple-draft feedback on three subsequent drafts of the same text only by the teacher, while the second group (N = 32) was given feedback by three peers on the first draft, and by the teacher on the second and third drafts. The study adopted a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design, with two comparison groups which differed in the source of feedback they received on their writing. The data analysis was conducted by employing the Wilcoxon rank test to evaluate changes in writing quality scores after the treatments. Moreover, the paper discusses how learners in the comparison groups perceived teacher-only and combined peer-teacher feedback, specifically focusing on giving and receiving peer feedback. The findings of the study indicate that both peer-teacher and teacher-only feedback contributed to significant improvement in writing quality in both comparison groups regarding all three perspectives from which the writing quality was assessed – overall quality, genre, and register. The findings confirm learners’ strong preference for teacher feedback, but also show that peer feedback helps develop learners’ writing ability and performance, and aids learners with their own learning process.

This paper explores the realm of Heidegger’s writings to examine how moral ideas intersect with non-human creatures from a phenomenological standpoint. The human-animal dilemma becomes more urgent over time, and our future becomes less predictable. The paper commences by examining the significance of attending to the particularities of Dasein, as understood in the Heideggerian framework. This entails moving beyond the limited boundaries of contemporary scientific and technocratic paradigms and illuminating the potential for investigating not only human experiences but also those of animals. This study examines Heidegger’s phenomenological understanding of animals, focusing on the post-humanist emotional aspects of human morality. It acknowledges the presence of intersubjectivity and investigates the underlying intersectionality. Additionally, it suggests potential directions for future research and inquiry.

The paper introduces the particle-induced X-ray emission analysis (PIXE) of two Hajdúböszörmény-type situlae from the eponymous Hajdúböszörmény I hoard (collection of the Hungarian National Museum, Budapest) and Sényő (collection of the Jósa András Museum, Nyíregyháza). Both situlae are representative types of the period between 1080 and 960 BC, Ha B1, or the ‘Hajdúböszörmény hoard horizon’ of the Hungarian Late Bronze Age. The obtained results are significant in that they are the very first to characterise the classic Hajdúböszörmény-type situla from their core distribution area, i.e., the region where this metal vessel type was presumably produced. The paper is focused on a description of the elemental composition of these tin bronze vessels, with particular attention on the grouping of their accompanying elements and the ratio of tin. The PIXE results suggest that a rather homogenous raw material was used to produce and repair these objects, which can be correlated with the CG16 Copper Group. The ratio of tin was relatively high, mostly around 9–10 wt%; low values were only identified on one of the repaired parts of the Sényő situla and a secondarily attached copper rivet.

This study explores the geopolitical and geostrategic significance of the GIUK (Greenland, Iceland, United Kingdom) Gap, a region of the North Atlantic Ocean between those respective islands, part of the broader Arctic realm known as the High North. It begins with a short overview of the historical development of the GIUK Gap's geopolitical and geostrategic significance, followed by an analysis of the region's current geopolitical and geostrategic dynamics. For the analysis, Walt’s balance of threat was employed as a neorealistic theoretical framework, with four specific variables chosen. This theory assumes that states try to balance potential threats. The study highlights the growing importance of the GIUK Gap for both NATO and the Russian Federation, whose interests have increasingly clashed in recent years. The paper argues that the deteriorating relations between NATO and Russia following the annexation of Crimea in 2014 have causally contributed to the growing importance of the GIUK Gap.