Search

This article has been written in response to Alexander Maxwell’s paper published in this issue of the Historický časopis. Based on an in-depth reading of Ludevít Štúr’s Nárečja slovenskuo alebo potreba písaňja v tomto nárečí, it is here demonstrated that the author of the mentioned paper creates an erroneous interpretation of Štúr’s term nárečja, when equating it with the modern term dialect or nárečie. What present-day linguists call dialect was by Štúr unambiguously denoted as rozličnorečja. Moreover, it is evident from Štúr’s Nárečja slovenskuo that Štúr cannot be regarded exlusively as a Pan-Slav (in the sense of an advocate of the All-Slav idea), since at the same time he was not only a Slovak patriot, but also a Pan-Humanist.

This review article focuses on Jewish insurgency under the British mandate for Palestine from 1939 to 1948. The Jewish guerrilla campaign represents a successful case study in the field of the research on small wars and insurgency, proxy wars. The authors analyze the early phase of the British Mandate in 1918-1939, referred to as the prelude to the subsequent Jewish uprising; a period when Jewish paramilitary groups including the Haganah, Irgun, and Lehi emerged and developed, emphasizing their ideological underpinnings, operational and tactical strategies of warfare, and the material capacities that these organizations possessed. The authors primarily emphasize the period from the initiation of the White Paper in 1939 until the establishment of the State of Israel in May 1948. British restrictions on Jewish immigration and the beginning of the Second World War stimulated the Jewish forces to a massive terrorist campaign against the British resulting in an unprecedented Zionist victory.

The world is undergoing a thoughtful revolution with the arrival of the intelligent information era. The central realms accompanying smart living such as transportation, entertainment, healthcare and smart cities are projected to improve service quality assuring a high-end user experience. Future mobile networks are projected to foster the future of ubiquitously connected data-intensive intelligent society powered with complete automation by seamless integrating of all sorts of wireless networks spread over the ground, underwater, air and space. This special issue aims to bring together foremost researchers in academia and engineering from various backgrounds to disseminate to the technical community an outline of emerging technologies, advanced architectures, challenges, open issues and future directions of modern networks in artificial intelligence, internet of things, and blockchain-based applications.

As was stated in one of the current review articles on social informatics: Research activities related to social informatics are expanding, even as community fragmentation, topical dispersion, and methodological diversity continue to increase. Specifically, the different understandings of social informatics in regional communities have strong impacts, and each has a different history, methodological grounding, and often a different thematic focus. Therefore, this special issue would like to present different perspectives on social informatics that arose in the world. The special issue will be divided into two parts that cover the full scope of social informatics. The first part will focus on theoretically oriented articles and the second part on empirically oriented articles. The special issue is also open to articles that have a thematically close research focus (e.g. socio-informatics) and/or use regional terms that can be translated into English as social informatics, e.g. samfunnsinformatikk, sosialinformatikk, sosioinformatikk, sozioinformatik, sozialinformatik, социальная информатика, družboslovna informatika, 社会情報学 and others.

The paper deals with the evaluation of the mechanical properties of the crepe paper and chickpaper. The thickness of crepe paper was 300 m with the surface mass 150 g*m-2 and chickpaper paper thickness was 100 m with the surface mass 40 g*m-2. Crepe paper and chickpaper are usually used for chicken breeding. Longitudinal and transversal tensile properties were studied. The tensile behavior was monitored on the motorized test stand ANDILOG STENTOR 1000 (Andilog Technologies, Vitrolles, France).There were measured the tensile properties as modulus of elasticity, maximal elongation, maximal tensile force, tensile strengths, tensile index and strain at break of the longitudinal and transversal samples by testing paper strips. Mean values of the maximal elongation b of longitudinal chickpaper samples were three times smaller than maximal elongation of transversal samples. Mean values of maximal tensile force Ft, tensile strength btensile indexwand maximal strain at break T of longitudinal chickpaper samples were two times smaller than maximal quantities of transversal samples. Mean values of the tensile modulus of elasticity of longitudinal and transversal chickpaper samples were almost equal. Chickpaper mechanical properties in tension were different in the longitudinal and transversal direction of the original paper surface. Mean values of the maximal elongation b and maximal strain at break T of longitudinal crepe paper samples were sixty times smaller than maximal elongation and maximal strain at break of transversal samples. Mean values of maximal tensile force Ft, tensile strength bandtensile indexwof longitudinal crepe paper samples were fourth times smaller than maximal quantities of transversal samples. Mean values of the tensile modulus of elasticity of longitudinal samples of crepe paper were thirty eight times smaller than values of transversal samples.

Although the US Constitution introduced a republican state system, there is no specific definition of the republic there. The US Constitution is deliberately short document. Its authors wanted to create a charter that would survive throughout times and conditions. However, given the briefness of the Constitution, they felt the need to explain and defend the ideas that had been advocated in it. Thus, The Federalist still serves as the primary source of interpretation of the US Constitution. It is therefore my intention to examine the meaning of republicanism in The Federalist. Although I speak of the republican teaching of The Federalist, there is, in fact, an ambiguity in the use of the word in those essays. This ambiguity reflects an ambiguity in the general use of the word in the political theory and discourse of the 18th century. However, more fundamental problem seems to be the so-called Madison’s “two definitions” of republic from Federalist No. 37 and No. 39. Both of these essays were written by James Madison. I agree that there is a fundamental difference between these two definitions. I do not, however, believe that it reflects inconsistency in Madison’s thinking. I will argue that these “two definitions” reflect Madison’s strategy to introduce a new definition of the republic. Thus, in The Federalist, there are two uses of the word republic: 1) its putative meaning in America, the meaning which was embodied in most of the state constitutions and which is the Anti-Federalist understanding of republicanism; and 2) The Federalist’s understanding of what constitutes republicanism. This second use is a new republicanism and represents a significant break on certain crucial points from the then dominant American understanding.

The conducted study has shown problems with electronic documents already in the moment of their accession, as well as arrangement and description, storage and providing access to them in the archive. It turned out that, unfortunately, electronic documents are treated only as an addition to paper versions of materials. The study uses method of document analysis (including electronic document), as well as a survey – a questionnaire. The object of the study was a private papers of Professor Stanisław Gorgolewski.

This article aims to assess the fulfilment of goals of the White Paper on Defense in the areas of financing of the French Armed Forces and modernization of their equipment under the presidency of Nicolas Sarkozy. Three indicators for this assessment are defined: the military budget of the French Armed Forces, the acquisition of modern weapon systems and assorted equipment, and extraordinary revenues and expenses of the French defense budget. The article comes to the conclusion that almost from the beginning there were serious difficulties in attaining the projected goals of the White Paper on Defense. In addition, it is concluded that we can expect a reduction of original goals in the course of the ongoing revision of the White Paper on Defense.

Although the cultural life of Slovak communities found in the territory of Hungarian Lower land quite long lacked a direct contact with dramatic culture, at the turn of the 1910s theatre and dramatic art were already an integral part of Slovak-language culture in Vojvodina. Theoretical reflection on modern dramatic art developed, too, which can be proven by two articles published in Národnie noviny in 1914. Both of the authors had more or less direct links with the Slovak-language Lower-land enviroment. Vladimír Hurban Vladimírov (1884 – 1950) from Stará Pazova, nowadays regarded as the most significant Lower-land playwright, focused in his lecture O dramatickom umení (On Dramatic Art, Národnie noviny, 18 July 1914) on the basic principles of dramatic art being applied from the earliest times to present, which he had derived from contemporary German theatre studies. His paper received an immediate response from Ivan Lilge-Lysecký (1886 - 1918), working in Báčki Petrovac for some time, whose article Dramatické umenie (Dramatic art, Národnie noviny, 30 July 1914, 4 August 1914) was intentionally specialized in modern dramatics – in this respect Lilge was the first Slovak to inform about so-called intimate theatre. Both of the papers show the contemporary - yet unaffected by war - thinking on the form and character of dramatic art, which on the one hand grew against a background of analytically oriented Naturalism and Realism, and, on the other hand, it placed weight on synthetic expression, symbol, stylistic features and a new way of depicting intimacy. At the same time, they demonstrate that modernists´ attempts were not merely poetic and prosaic, but they were also made in the area of drama, moreover they occurred in the most modern form and a close connection with European contemporary tendencies and trends.

This paper deals with new Transport Supply System. One type of intermodal container built to transport bulk cargo like paper on railway and ship is Stora Enso Cargo Unit. This Unit is too big and heavy to be transported on road, and instead they are transported only by railway and ship. NETTS (North European Transportation and Supply System) is a delivery and transportation system developed by Stora Enso. Its aim is to offer competitive transportation costs to plants operating in northern Finland, to increase the frequency of shipping as well as to improve customer service, minimise damage and develop shipment tracking. The multimodal transport system essentially integrates the Swedish railways with North Sea traffic for the supply of paper and board products from Sweden and Finland to Europe.

Introduction: The electronic health record (EHR) is a computerized health information system where provider record detailed encounter information such as patient demographics, encounter summaries, medical history allergies, intolerances, and lab test histories [9]. The EHR will be used in future diagnostic and treatment decision making. The decision is always taken by a physician or dentist. Medical documentation contains information about treatment, communication with insurance service system and statistical data evaluation. The EHR may support and improve future diagnostics and therapy in general. The data can be used in statistics and other scientific purposes. Aim: The aim of study is to verify the simplicity of data process implementation and time of data storing for modification of classical paper WHO dental card, lifetime dental EHR controlled by keyboard and lifetime dental EHR controlled by voice. Methods: All three methods were applied on 126 patients. The dental status of patients was examined and the data recorded in classical way into the paper WHO dental card. The same person recorded all data to lifetime dental EHR using keyboard and using voice. Then we compared the time, which was needed for recording the data using these three methods.Using Friedaman test we found very significant differences in time of recording among three methods (p

Due to the rapid expansion of irrigated agriculture, effi cient use of the limited water resources in arid and semi-arid regions is becoming more and more vital. However, water salinity is a major problem due to its negative infl uence on the yields of many crops. It reduces citrus trees’ growth and causes physiological disorders. Primarily salt-stress lowers net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and water potential of citrus tree leaves, in addition to accumulation of excessive concentration of Chloride or Sodium in leaves. A great deal of research indicates that citrus have the genetic potential to be salt-sensitive; however inheritance studies in citrus are scarce. In this paper the adverse of effects of salinity on physiological aspects of citrus are reviewed. The review summarizes the prevailing state of knowledge about the responses and tolerance of citrus trees to salinity.

Competences have been identified as legitimate educational goals wherever it is not only knowledge that counts in learning (and educators are concerned with not only the cognitive domain in their teaching). There is an ongoing discussion on “key competences for all” identified by the European Parliament as a necessary prerequisite for personal fulfilment, active citizenship, social cohesion and employability in a knowledge society (cf. EP, 2006). Also in the field of EE and ESD, there have been attempts to find appropriate operationalisation of action-oriented, learner-centred, and socially and environmentally responsible educational strategies which would help to realize a transition of the whole education system towards sustainability. Competences appear to be an appropriate concept providing an opportunity especially for a change of traditional teaching/learning practices and proper assessment of these innovations at the level of the student, educational module or programme, and also the policy level – they might be specifically designed for different disciplinary and cultural contexts and easily adjusted for all ISCED levels. As a proper tool for setting transformative educational goals and reflection of the prerequisites/outcomes of the relevant learning processes, they have been stressed in prominent ESD policy documents (UNECE, 2011, 2013), in theoretical discussions (Wiek et al.,2011) as well as in practice (growing knowledge base of case studies in relevant journals). We encourage concerned experts to enrich this debate and contribute to the pool of knowledge by providing results of their original research and share their experience with practical implementation of the concept – and submit their work for the thematic issue of Envigogika. We accept articles in the category of research papers and case studies; moreover, there is a possibility to provide multimedia presentations of existing learning programmes and other activities. The deadline for submission of the manuscripts is 15 September 2014; the thematic issue will appear after the review process by the end of the year. The theme of the Envigogika issue is closely related to the international COPERNICUS Alliance Conference to be held on 3 October 2014 the outcomes of which are expected to be one of the main contributions to the UNESCO Decade for ESD (2005‑2014), ending this year. Conference-related themes cover curricular aspects of university education; thus they provide an opportunity to reflect ESD-oriented higher education in all disciplinary fields from the perspective of the educator and his/her professional development. Articles related to the themes of the Conference can be presented in parallel sessions as part of the afternoon programme (see here) if they are submitted in the form of abstracts through the registration system on the conference website by 15th July 2014. Other competence-related themes may be submitted for the special issue of Envigogika as well. Authors are warmly welcome to attend the COPERNICUS Alliance Conference to meet top European experts in the field and discuss issues of common interest. The Conference is closely associated with the UE4SD project which links the competence theme with professional development of university educators in the field of ESD. In the project, 55 partners from 33 countries are represented, the majority of which are expected to attend the Conference as it is a constitutive part of their cooperation. Four regions (East, West, North and South) are evenly covered by the partners’ consortium and thus the Conference will be a unique opportunity to also make links with these regional networks. Authors from the Czech Republic and its neighbours are therefore especially encouraged to consider their involvement in the Conference programme as the transition towards sustainability is an issue to be highlighted in this part of the world. References• EP, (2006). Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 on key competences for lifelong learning. European Reference Framework in the EC. Official Journal L 394 of 30.12.2006. [online] [cit 2014-05-12] available from http://www.cmepius.si/files/cmepius/userfiles/grundtvig/gradivo/key_competencies_2006_en.pdf (see also http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/education_training_youth/lifelong_learning/c11090_en.htm ). • UN ECE (2011). Learning for the future: Competences in Education for Sustainable Development. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Steering Committee on Education for Sustainable Development. Retrieved from http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/esd/ESD_Publications/Competences_Publication.pdf • UN ECE (2013). Empowering educators for a sustainable future: Tools for policy and practice workshops on education for sustainable development Competences. Geneva: , United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Steering Committee on Education for Sustainable Development. Retrieved from http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/esd/8thMeetSC/ece.cep.ac.13.2013.4e.pdf • Wiek, A., Withycombe, L., & Redman, C. L. (2011). Key competencies in sustainability: a reference framework for academic program development. Sustain Sci, 6(2), 203-218. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11625-011-0132-6 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-011-0132-6

Within the research project itself, the detailed literature review focusing on global research projects together with those available at the PortEconomics academics initiative will be supplemented with local and regional information and research sources. The research key objective is to assess factors that could help mitigate bottlenecks within CEE logistics platforms and the Czech Republic in particular.

The purpose of this article is to explore broadsheet newspaper framing and agenda-setting of two events using the five-frame model developed by Semetko and Valkenburg (2000). This article provides insight into how the leading broadsheet newspaper within BiH’s Republika Srpska frames relationships between the three main ethnic groups and is the first such study to occur in BiH. By identifying and exploring the most common frames in Glas Srpske during the five-year period (from 31 December 2015 to 30 December 2020), the research is meant to answer the following research questions: How does Glas Srpske frame the conversation about it and portray the Day of Republika Srpska (RS) and Referendum of the RS Day? The results, which find Attribution of Responsibility and Conflict frames to be the more prevalent in Glas Srpske, illustrate contentious politics that reinforce differences between ethnic groups in BiH. These events and the controversial narrative surrounding them are relevant more than ever in the light of the recent non-paper ‘Western Balkans – A Way Forward’.

The paper is dedicated to the literary historical legacy of the slavist Rudo Brtáň (1907 - 1998). It is inspired by Brtáň's research on Slovak-language Low-land literature, in particular the chapter Literature and Culture of Slovak Protestants in Sarvaš (1722 - 1918), which comes from the yet unpublished manuscript titled Slovak-language Low-land Literature until 1918. The paper focuses on the work of Michal Markovič Sr. (1707 - 1762/4), who worked in Sarvaš (present-day Hungary) as a Slovak evangelical priest. The analysis deals with Markovič's collection of poems called Duchovní zrcadlo ženského pohlaví z Písem svatých představené/The Spiritual Mirror of the Female Sex presented in the Holy Scriptures, printed probably in Bratislava in 1783. The method of the text analysis is supported by the theoretical assumptions of the Czech literary historian Eduard Petrů, who saw the basis for the interpretation of a literary work in revealing the interpretation core. The goal is to identify the author's intention encoded in the genesis of Markovič's collection, and to decode the reader's interpretation of that time. Markovič wrote the collection in order to stimulate moral attitudes of the whole evangelical community, not only the women's. He composed it with the intention to support the Bible self-study motivating the readers with the inserted biblical coordinates as well as narratives reduced to several poetic lines. The contribution of the analysis can be seen in classifying the genre of the collection as a collection of epigram-like poems. These findings confirm the influence of ancient and renaissance literature on Slovak literary production written in the local vernacular in the mid-18th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of the ecclesiastical history of the secondary lands of the Bohemian Crown continues to offer a number of topics for possible research. One of them is the relationship of King John of Luxembourg to the ecclesiastical institutions in Upper Lusatia, which he gradually brought into his immediate possession. He was thus able to fully develop his donating activities there. The aim of this paper is, based on sources of a diplomatic nature, to analyse and interpret the monarch’s policy towards the various ecclesiastical institutions in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines whether the White Paper on the Future of Europe the EU Commission published in March 2017, encourages real public discourse on different options for the future of Europe. In other words, are the different options of the White Paper ground for discussion in which ‘every voice will be heard’ as promised, or are there implicit restrictions to the inclusiveness incorporated in its approach? Analyzing this document using theories on rhetoric and rhetoric techniques, it suggests that the White Paper uses rhetoric devices to create a misleading impression of inclusiveness, while in fact aiming at the same target as the Five Presidents Report of 2015: advocating for the highest degrees of integration.

The author's experience of emigration makes visible - in literary works and public speeches - one of the aspects of multilingualism as not only a consequence of migration and globalization, but also of the concept of metamultilingualism which contributes to expanding of our understanding of linguistic dynamics in literary production. Through selected literary texts and interviews with the Slovak-Swiss author Irena Brežná, the paper outlines the concept of metamultilingualism and literary multilingualism as one of the characteristics of the "new" world literature. Metamultilingualism as a generator of literary multilingualism is presented through the definition by Elke Sturm-Trigonakis and through its realisation in the form of linguistic commentary. The paper also takes a look at the reflection of languages in I. Brežná's writing as one of the frameworks of her work and a part of the literary process. At the same time, it looks at the concept of monolingualism as an artificial construct and multilingualism as a natural social condition as outlined in the theory of Yasemina Yildiz and Till Dembeck. In the analysis of the internal plane of the text, the article relies on the concept of manifest, latent, and excluded multilingualism, systematically elaborated by Natalia Blum-Barth, who, like Immacolata Amode, sees multilingualism as intratextual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study brings an overview of empirical research carried out in the field of pre-primary education in the Czech Republic between the years 2000 and 2010. The authors analysed research papers published in research journals and relevant conference papers. The main aims of the review paper were to analyse the topics of the pre-primary school education research and to sum up the main findings. The review shows that the foci of realised research projects often lied on collecting data about pre-school children and their parents. Large proportion of the research also focused on undergraduate education of kindergarten teachers and their needs concerning inservice education. The research areas are however not covered systematically. The research projects are often isolated attempts to answer narrow research questions.Moreover, some of the analysed research projects show indications of weak (or poorly described) methodology. In the given period (2000–2010), there was a complete lack of large-scale research that would help bring deeper understanding of the processes within pre-primary education.

The primary mission of commanders and staffs is a skillful realization of all measures related to preparation, planning, conduct and control of military operations. Ability to implement these measures originates from their professional knowledge of the theory of operational art and capability to execute it in practice. Similar to education in courses, it is necessary to obtain a feedback from the courses participants who attend the educational process. Their opinions contribute to creating a more comprehensive picture about the status of operational art in the ACR. The authors of the article propose a set of measures which may contribute not only to improvement of the level of knowledge, skills and competences of military personal, but also to increase interest in the overall development of operational art in the ACR.

Copyright of Journal of International Relations / Medzinarodne Vztahy is the property of University of Economics in Bratislava, Faculty of International Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central European Agriculture is the property of Journal of Central European Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In July 2011 Germany abandoned conscription. This step is the most significant part of the ongoing reform of the German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr) and by no stretch also the greatest change in the entire history of the Bundeswehr. The current reform, however, is only the last one in the long line of attempts to adapt the Bundeswehr to post-Cold-War circumstances and missions. The German Armed Forces have been undergoing an almost uninterrupted process of transformation since the end of the Cold War. In the course of the last two decades the anticipated end-state of the reform has been changing accordingly with respect to the changing perception of strategic assumptions. The strategic reasoning behind the distinct reform attempts is to be analysed in this article.

The article examines Slovak poems by a wide range of authors published in the last third of the 20th century and linked by taking as its theme erotic social interactions in urban public transport. The analysis is conceptually related to Bakhtin's chronotope of the journey and the topos of the encounter and to existing research on poetry with the motifs of accidental male-female encounters in the urban environment and especially in the context of public transport (Walter Benjamin, Alejandro Hermida de Blas, Josef Hrdlička, Pavol Minár). The essay also makes connections with related topoi and paradigmatic texts. The core of the paper focuses on encounters that are motivated erotically on the part of the subject and notices their various forms and distinctive features. It explores both the sensual side of the erotic theme and its reflexive overlaps that are typical of these poems. The encounter at the place of transit acts in the poetry as an opportunity for the subject to observe and gain knowledge and self-knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mária Jančová (1908 -- 2003) has been primarily known as the author of children's books. This paper, however, aims to focus on her -- largely overlooked -- poetry. After an initial mapping of the theme of motherhood in Slovak women poets from the late 19th to the mid-20th century, the article takes a look at the phase of Jančová's writing career when she authored poems. Some of these were published in her only collection of poetry, Blahoslavení ([Blessed] 1940, 1968). The article provides a close reading of several poems and comments on the flowing of energy between the movements of the body (external movements and internal processes) and nature, with reference to the notion of "lyrical gestures" as defined by the French literary scholar Dominique Rabaté. It also discusses the image of the bodily connection between the mother and her sick little son and the transmigration of the human element into meteorological phenomena and flowers. The poet's inclination towards the country life connected to the elements and rhythms of life (in this collection) or her confessional-referential poetry of sentiment (present in other poems) may resonate with contemporary readers or inspire theory of the lyric. The essay's theoretical framework is based on the conceptualisation of motherhood in literary studies, philosophy, and art theory, and on theories that connect aesthetics with bodily processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hip hop as a "cultural complex" -- as Richard Shusterman conceptualises it -- can generally be seen as one of the most somatic and gestural cultural phenomena. The paper focuses on the verbal gesture as one of the forms of hip hop gestures. Its scope is the analysis and interpretation of a representative sample of Slovak rap lyrics and is methodologically anchored in Nitra School reception aesthetics and Richard Shusterman's pragmatist aesthetics and somaesthetics (and in part by the phenomenologically oriented works of Maurice Merleau-Ponty) which are productive in the study of the body as a topic or iconic element in the text. The leitmotif of the article is, somatically speaking, "feeling up" -- of the genre, conventional verbal gestures tied to the body and corporeality (e.g. masculinity, expressivity and explicitness, objectification of the female body) and, conversely, those that defy or rather challenge core-like genre conventions of hip hop (and, within it, rap) by such mechanisms as "embodying" self-irony or by making the tracks take on the character of motivational or socio-politically engaged statements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speculum animæ: A Probe into the Cultural History of the Catoptric Imagination This paper focuses on the issue of the development of the metaphor of mirrors in introspective judgements in European culture. In early antiquity mirrors were iron plates with a high degree of sheen, but, unlike glass mirrors, they were quite unclear and imperfect. That is why mirrors played a somewhat different role as metaphors, for example, in the apostle Paul's speech about the speculum, by which humans can know God and his signs in the world. After the 3rd century AD glass mirrors were made more often, and the idea of moral mirrors gradually became a typical feature of European ethical thought. A gaze oriented toward the mirror was seen as a means to self-knowing, but also to self-admiration and self-accusation as in the case of the myth about Narcissus and Wilde's story of Dorian Gray. Mirrors also played a different role in various medieval drawings of Prudentia, who is often seen holding a convex mirror in her hands as a symbol of circumspection. There are many ways in which mirrors have served as tools for moral judgements in European culture, and even if today they have lost much of their symbolic force, they still remain a cultural step in introspective thinking of current age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essence of haiku (on the example of Etela Farkašová's haiku) The study focuses on one of the fundamental questions of international haiku realizations, which is how to preserve individual rules and not break the essence of this originally Japanese genre from the 17th century. The presented study is using the example of Etela Farkašová's haiku. The paper shows the overlap of the aesthetic category of subtlety with concepts from Japanese aesthetics that apply to the creation of haiku. This implicitly shows not only the poetics of the Slovak author of haiku, but also reveals the nuances of the so-called wabi and sabi, which belong to the foundations of Japanese aesthetics, as well as the lesser known shiori and hosomi. Etela Farkašová's haiku represents one of the possible ways to transform the rules of haiku into a foreign form while preserving the so-called the "essence" of haiku. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This overview essay on the implementation of narratology on reading and interpreting lyric poetry presents the main principles of the so-called lyricology, which is based on the thesis that narrative structures, such as the presence of agency, mediation and sequencing (the ordering of plot sequences), can also be observed in lyric poetry. This line of research has been followed by scholars at German universities, but has also found its way into the English-speaking academic world. The paper defines narratological concepts which are readily applicable to lyric poetry, such as focalisation, event, narrative reliability, and hierarchical stratification of the narrator (biographical author - abstract/implicit author - narrator/speaker - protagonist/character in the plot). The essay presents narratological analysis of lyric poetry as an innovative approach to the reading of lyric poetry, but also highlights the potential pitfalls of this approach and outlines appropriateness of its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the presence of the motifs of the body, senses and emotions, the degree of representation, functions, and meanings of somaticisms, the ways of aestheticisation of the body and the contradiction or integration of the motifs of the body and the soul in the poetic cycle Ukojenie tôní (Soothing the shadows, 1845) by Samo Vozár (1823 - 1850), a Slovak Romantic poet. Vozár's sonnets provide ample material for exploring the somatisms involved in the creation of the image (representation, personification) of death, but also of love (both maternal and filial). Corporeal motifs are tied to the object of the lyrical statement (the dead mother) and to the subject of the lyrical statement (her son). Stylistically neutral forms of somatisms prevail. These are used both in the primary sense (naming the parts of the body) and in the figurative one - in the depiction of other phenomena of the external and internal world. They "make visible" the affective experience of the lyrical subject, abstract phenomena connected with the inner experience (the soul), which is manifested in a higher representation of somatisms, which are conventionally considered as carriers, manifestations of mental, emotional movement such as the heart, tears, or blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two women authors Viola Fischerová (1935 - 2010) and Jaroslava Blažková (1933 - 2017) belong to the same generation, but to (seemingly?) different national literary traditions. The writers ceaselessly experience in their life and work the Central European literary and political space from which they originate. The reception of their writing - by general and professional readership - is ambiguous in both cases. Although critics often suggest that from the literary point of view, they are individually "emptied vessels" about which there is nothing more to say, contemporary perspectives and literary scholarly discussions suggest that a return to their poetics is relevant. On the basis of established literary theoretical premises and by means of parallel analysis and interpretation (which also underline distinct authenticity of their work), the paper attempts to outline those aspects of the texts that might stimulate a renewed interest in the personalities and poetics of these authors in a broader context. In this way, it tries to transcend the boundaries (literary-historical, interpretative, etc.) that have been created for various reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Museologica Brunensia is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ITlib: Informacne Technologie a Kniznice is the property of Slovak Centre of Scientific-Technical Information (CVTI SR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Where did rules themselves come from? This paper is concerned with a problem of a genealogy of functioning norms, as it was stated by Ludwig Wittgenstein. Firstly, it attempts to reconstruct his view of conditions the activity of following the norms is based upon. In his view, the activity would be impossible without consensus in our mental experience, feeling, and perception, and also without consensus in our bodily manifestation of the experience, feeling, and perception. At the same time, the activity of following the norms would be impossible without process of training, or conditioning, in dealing with certain sounds, gestures, expressions, maxims, analogies, etc. This paper also attempts to present some critical objections to the Wittgenstein´s view. From his perspective, we should not aspire to construct a theory of the conditions the activity of following the norms is based upon. Rather, we need to correctly see what is going on. According to this paper, this philosophical attitude is too pessimistic, and, therefore, misleading us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the collection of Amália Sirotková (1813 - 1892) - the oldest known Slovak woman storyteller. Part of her manuscript collection from the 1850s has been preserved thanks to the estate of Pavel Dobšinský (1828 - 1885) who prepared two of her tales for publication in his Prostonárodné slovenské povesti (Slovak folk tales, 1880, 1882). The preserved notebooks are probably a fragment of a larger collection, but the extent of the manuscript remains unknown. "Povesti od Amálie Sirotkovej [Tales by Amália Sirotková]" archive stored in the Literary archive of the Slovak National Library in Martin contains three notebooks by A. Sirotková and one notebook written by another person and probably unrelated to A. Sirotková's collection. The first part of the article reflects on the question of authorship and the extent of the collection. The second part of the paper reconstructs the origin of the collection and outlines the possible ways in which the manuscript of A. Sirotková's might have reached P. Dobšinský. The aim is not to reflect on the language, spelling, style, or genre of A. Sirotková tales, but on the contexts of the collection with regard to parallel manuscript sources and the way it was used by editors of fairy tale books in the 19th century. The third part of the paper deals with this issue in more detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ProInflow is the property of Casopis ProInflow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transfer Technológií Bulletin (TTB) is the property of Slovak Centre of Scientific-Technical Information (CVTI SR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hesiod's Pandora as the first fembot idea? Main purpose of the paper is to answer the question of whether Hesiod's Pandora in Theogony and Works and Days represents the first idea of an artificial woman, i.e., a kind of fembot or gynoid, in Western thought. The fulfilment of this aim is depending on answering several sub-questions: 1. to identify what fell within the ideological framework of intelligent technology in ancient Greek thought (especially in the poetic mythological tradition); 2. to answer the question of how Pandora and her artistic representations relate to the Greek custom of agalmatophilia; and 3. above all, to indicate what is the difference between the creation of Pandora and the creation of the first humans in ancient mythology. In our inquiry, we will build on the interpretations Adrienne Mayor offers in her famous book Gods and Robots: Myths, Machines and Ancient Dreams of Technology (2018), and we will critically contest them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper will attempt to entertain the possibilities of understanding a picture as the interface of its author, era and the inner world of the perceiver, or, in other words, as the interface of the subjective and the objective, outer and the inner, the presented and the intended. It draws attention to understanding and the cognitive aspect of perception, as well as the role of emotions in perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study contributes to interpreting the depiction of Blessed Ludovica Albertoni, which has become an identifying feature of Veronika Rónaiová's work. The depiction of Ludovica has its formal and semantic antecedents in the work of the Baroque sculptor G. L. Bernini. Since 1988, she has appeared regularly in Rónaiová's paintings, drawings on paper, on the wall, and her body. This study looks at these depictions from the perspective of the concept of Nachleben and Pathosformeln developed by Aby Warburg and followed up by Georges Didi-Huberman with his theory of anachronism. The concept of Nachleben draws attention to those forms that survive and return in art as if in the eternal return, and in this way, survive, like Rónaiová's Ludovika. The formula of ecstatic pathos, which is emphasized in the text, draws attention to the emotive gestures or emotional experiences that leave an artistic trace in subsequent artistic epochs. Rónaiová's depictions of Ludovica are interpreted in terms of the formula of ecstatic pathos generated by Baroque sculpture and emerging in contemporary artistic discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zdravotnicke listy is the property of Alexander Dubcek University in Trencin, Faculty of Nursing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)