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During the Late La Tène period in the first century BC, Central Europe witnessed significant shifts in settlement structures and material culture. Understanding these changes necessitates an examination of LT D1b phase settlements, particularly in Bohemia, where such sites are rare. This study extends beyond conventional stylistic analysis of pottery, incorporating material and manufacturing perspectives to reveal production organisation, distribution, and community interactions. Through a comprehensive examination of the settlement pottery from the feature 27/1986 from Křinec using X-ray fluorescence, thin section analysis, and computed tomography, we have gained a better understanding of the settlement's position in the regional socio-economic network within which ceramic vessels or raw materials were transported over distances of more than 20 km. The presented approach offers a deeper comprehension of the La Tène period's end in Bohemia and underscores the value of multifaceted pottery research in archaeological studies.

The aim of this article is to draw attention to the non-compliance of Czech enactment and possibilities of collective bargaining in civil service in the light of non-legally binding interpretation of responsible state institution (Department of civil service) with the requirements of the Conventions n. 98 and 154 of International Labour Organization, which the Czech Republic ratified and hence are legally binding, and with decisions of the Freedom of Association Committee relevant for these Conventions. After several years, the area of law is regrettably still unclear and considerably disputable as regards its interpretation.

The aim of the study is to point out the inner connections between aesthetic-philosophical concepts of the selected Russian symbolists and the historiosophy. In the aesthetic theories of D. S. Merezhkovsky and A. Bely we can find particular ideas that confirm their interest in the meaning of culture and civilization.

T In the article we aim to compare aesthetic worlds of A. Bely and O. Březina. We have concluded that they both created philosophical and aesthetical systems having directed symbolism to be understood as a complex of means of more profound cognition of reality.

Popis umělecké aktivity, jejímž cílem je vymodelovat z hlíny „chybějící článek“ v procesu evoluce. Postup vyvinul Jan van Boeckel (inspirován původní aktivitou z dílny Antonyho Gormleye) www.janvanboeckel.wordpress.com.

The aim of this article is to provide a reader with a brief analysis of the possibilities of using the fundamental private law instruments for the purpose of protection of the environment. The analysis is carried out from the perspective of an individuals who use these instruments to protect their rights and interests. This article focuses on 3 selected private law instruments, namely the protection of the personality, neighbourhood law, and the prevention and compensation of damage. Special attention is paid to issues such as right to live in a favourable environment, which is a new institute in the Czech civil law. Within a scope of neighbourhood law the problem of proportionality of imissions to local circumstances, relation between private and public law regulation governing activities causing imissions and possibilities of protection against noise caused by road traffic are subject of closer study. Changes in legal regulation of general prevention of damage and in liability for damage to forest caused by industrial exhalations are also discussed. In conclusion it can be stated that private law instruments are usable for the protection of the environment, but the protection is only indirect and not complex. For this reason, these tools cannot replace public environmental law, but they can be a valuable addition to it.

The article presents topical news on intelligent transport systems policy, strategy, and linked activities in the Czech Republic. It introduces historical background, relation to other documents, and current development in 2021. The Strategy of Development of Intelligent Transport Systems 2021-2027 with a View to 2050 (in force since January 2021) is the core document. The strategy is introduced by its context, methodology and structure of the content. Focus on coming years is included in this article, too: essential support for the ITS policy brings the online ITS Library (https://www.its-knihovna.cz), a knowledge database, described here with its certain parts and space for supportive tools. The tools enable to manage information on implementation progress, selected progress indicators and monitoring of ITS data quality, expressed by data conformance testing and publishing. The conclusion chapter gives a general overview on implementation of the Strategy and the ITS Library in the future.

Východiskem úvah o strategiích udržitelnosti regionálního rozvoje jsou Cíle udržitelného rozvoje (SDGs) a jak se promítají na místní úroveň. Článek soustřeďuje pozornost na cíl č. 4 – vzdělávání, které může významně podporovat implementaci dalších cílů, pokud cílí na důležité aktéry udržitelného rozvoje. Tuto (transformativní) roli by mělo vzdělávání plnit i na místní úrovni, což ovšem strategické rozvojové dokumenty plně nezohledňují, oblast celoživotního učení není systémově řešena vůbec. Cílem výzkumu bylo zmapovat aktuální situaci v regionech ČR a zjistit, jakou úlohu vzdělávání na místní úrovni v kontextu udržitelného rozvoje plní (a mělo by plnit), a jaké jsou v této souvislosti role jednotlivých aktérů rozvoje venkova. Otázky, které si řešitelský tým kladl v rámci školení pro představitele místních akčních skupin (MAS), byly formulovány a následně distribuovány formou plošného dotazníkového šetření mezi manažery/manažerkami MAS. Data byla vyhodnocena kvantitativními a především kvalitativními metodami, s důrazem na jedinečné zkušenosti a postřehy. Z výsledků vyplývá, že místní aktéři (reprezentovaní MAS) si uvědomují potřebu vzdělávání i nedostatky v této oblasti, a chápou též důsledky tohoto stavu pro udržitelný rozvoj v environmentální, ekonomické i sociální oblasti. Potenciál jednotlivých aktérů (jejich role v procesech udržitelnosti) zůstává nevyužit, což ovlivňuje schopnost inovací. Ačkoli jsou MAS aktérem, který svou roli spatřuje především v posilování sociálního kapitálu a dalších předpokladů rozvoje včetně vzdělávání, existují překážky exogenního charakteru, které naplnění této role brání. Součástí možných řešení je posílení leadershipu MAS v otázkách udržitelnosti, a to i prostřednictvím vzdělávání; vytvoření systému celoživotního učení, které využívá místní znalosti; a zapojení expertů nejen v oblasti technologií, ale například též odborníků na otázky sociální. Vymezení rolí jednotlivých aktérů v procesech rozvoje na úrovni regionů (a tím i specifik bottom-up procesů), by přispělo i k vyjasnění toho, jaké top-down podněty jsou nezbytné k prosazování veřejného zájmu, vyjádřeného např. v SDGs.

Každý stroj poháněný spalovacím motorem má vliv na obecnou úroveň antropogenního znečištění. Tyto pohony podléhají různým předpisům omezujícím jejich emise pro provozní podmínky a aplikace. Jednou ze skupin takových strojů popsaných v evropských či amerických předpisech jsou nesilniční mobilní stroje. Jelikož není problematika v českých odborných časopisech souhrnně uvedena a zahraniční literatura obsahuje jen málo informací, je cílem tohoto příspěvku prezentace stávajících legislativních regulací týkajících se limitů emisí škodlivých látek z výfukových plynů, které jsou vytvářeny vznětovými spalovacími motory nesilničních mobilních strojů, speciálně hnacími drážními vozidly.

The study deals with three editions of pilgrimage books which relate to the Svatý Kopeček, pilgrimage site located near Olomouc and dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The study focuses on the depiction of the Virgin Mary and the Marian motifs contained in the pilgrimage books. Each of the pilgrimage books has a different structure – while the first two tell the founding legend and present specific miracles and prayers, creating a practical guide for the pilgrimage to the Svatý Kopeček, the third edition of the pilgrimage book provides more of a record of the festivities held on the occasion of the coronation of the miraculous relief of the Virgin Mary. Since selected pilgrimage books constituted an important element of Marian devotion, their analysis is necessary to get acquainted with and to fully understand the Moravian Baroque devotion.

Roku 1928 byly v rámci dostavby katedrály sv. Víta nalezeny hroby jejích prvních stavitelů, Matyáše z Arrasu a Petra Parléře. V jejich těsné blízkosti se zároveň nacházel i hrob neznámé osoby, z něhož byly vyjmuty fragmenty luxusních tkanin. Poté se na objev na téměř 90 let zapomnělo, teprve v nedávné době došlo v depozitáři na Pražském hradě k jeho úspěšnému restaurování a interpretaci. Pravděpodobně se jedná o obsah hrobu vysokého církevního představitele, pohřbeného okolo přelomu 14. a 15. století v mimořádně bohaté pohřební výbavě. Dochovaly se pozůstatky hedvábné punčochy a kožené boty a dále fragmenty látek určitelné jako pozůstatky kasule, alby zdobené výšivkami a mitry pošité zlatými zdobenými tkanicemi. Na základě zjištěných poznatků je možné hrob hypoteticky připsat zvolenému pražskému arcibiskupu Mikuláši Puchníkovi († 1402).

This study attempts to illustrate the document production of the Faculty of Arts of Comenius University in Bratislava in the significant first phase of its rich history in the years 1920 to 1950. In this period, Comenius University in Bratislava underwent a fundamental change - its de jure demise and the subsequent establishment of the Slovak University in Bratislava. Paradoxically, however, this only had a slight effect on the internal organization and it did not fundamentally change documentation practices at the faculty. The article focuses not only on the written production of the faculty, but, in relation to the legislation in force at the time, it clarifies the faculty's activities and the functioning of its governing bodies and their mutual relations and powers. The work is based on information that was drawn mainly from preserved archival materials, which are now stored in the permanent archival custody and administration of the Archives of Comenius University in Bratislava. We also drew on archive documents from the National Archive in Prague.

In this study, we explored the transformations of religiosity within the town of Tachov region, targeting particularly the majority religious group, i.e. the Roman Catholics (who, despite the sharp decline demonstrated in the 2011 census, remain the most numerous confession in the region). We used both hard and soft data to demonstrate that this “strongly Catholic reality of the region”, which has shaped the religious discourse and served as a major source of religious memory is, however, rather problematic. The most general conclusion that we came to was that even though many migrants who came to the region after the World War II were religious (and most of them Catholics), they were not tied to the area through any family, cultural, social or religious ties. Secondly, we conclude that religious ties created during communism have been rather week ever since their creation.

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The article discusses the neglect that cultural sociology pays to the sciences and technology. Even though the “strong program” in cultural sociology claims that cultural meanings exist in every social fact, its research focuses mainly on culture in a narrow sense, e.g. ethics, aesthetics, politics, memory, religion etc. I overcome this shortcoming by development of two approaches: 1) ethnography of a scientific facility based on science and technology studies (STS); and 2) cultural-sociological analysis of symbols, discourses and narratives related to the research of a subatomic particle called the Higgs boson. Re-interpreting ethnographic studies conducted at CERN and sociological research focused on quantum physics, the article demonstrates that media and popular-cultural discourses on the Higgs boson are tightly related to its material aspects. While the strong program traditionally presumes the arbitrariness of symbolic structures, the “iconic turn” in cultural sociology stresses the importance of the aesthetic material surface in the resulting meaning. Conceiving the Higgs boson as a “secular icon”, we can see that the practically oriented actions of researchers at CERN relate to cultural meanings that reach far beyond the “laboratory” of quantum physics.

A method has been proposed to determine the degree of degradability of any organic material based on the kinetics of its hydrolysis in H2SO4 of the concentration 11.5 mol.l 1 at a temperature of 108 Celsius deegrees. The result and the measure of degradability degree are the rate constant of hydrolytic reaction and the carbon percentage of unhydrolyzable residue in total carbon of the sample.

The paper presents results of a study of heating habits (particularly the reported temperature in the living room during the heating season) in three EU regions: Aberdeenshire in Scotland, Brandenburg state in Germany, and South Bohemia in the Czech Republic. Data were collected using a questionnaire study carried out in 2010. There were approximately 500 respondents in each region. Three types of data are analysed: socio-demographics (including gender, age, education, income); housing characteristics (e.g. type, size, insulation, heating system), and attitudes towards energy and environmental issues (perception of climate change and perceived self-efficacy of energy saving). The results show some explanatory power of income, house insulation, age, place of living and self-efficacy on people’s reported living room temperatures. The biggest differences were found, however, between the three regions. Scottish households report the lowest average temperature, Germans higher and Czechs the highest. We also discuss the role of the local climatic conditions and put the results (especially the negligible role of most socio-demographics and housing characteristics) into the framework of theory of social practice and discussions about the limits of traditional sociopsychological ABC models (attitude-behaviour-choice) of pro-environmental behaviours.

Při rozsáhlé rekonstrukci objektu čp. 515 v Praze Na Kampě byl proveden záchranný archeologický výzkum v nově podsklepovaných prostorách. Při něm byl zjištěn způsob zakládání klasicistní dostavby, torza starších barokních budov, části pecí, koželužské jámy, jámy na vápno, vodovody, kanalizace i studna. Byla odkryta část pilíře románského Juditina mostu a objeveny úseky severovýchodního břehu ostrova Kampa v době před 18. stoletím.

The vertical position of the car’s centre of gravity is one of the main parameters that influence vehicle handling and thus also the active traffic safety. The vehicle handling is nowadays frequently researched with the help of mathematical simulations, but for these it is necessary to provide correct values of the individual parameters of the vehicle. This study presents new approach to the measurement of the centre of gravity height with the help of a device which is primarily designated to measure the vehicle’s moments of inertia. This method utilizes the influence of the centre of gravity height on the value of the measured oscillation period of the designed device. The method is verified, first on the known parameters and then on the two vehicles.

Significant quantities of sludge and dust are generated as a waste material or byproduct every day from iron and steel industries.Nowadays The occurrence and recovery of metallurgical wastes from steelmaking and iron making processes is a great problem, mainlydue to the big amount and environmental pollution of these wastes by heavy metals. The future technology of fine-grain metallurgicalwastes treatment is mainly the thing of ecological and financial limits. This work explains the removal of zinc from blast furnace sludgeby hydrometallurgical process. The aim of this work was to carry out a chemical, physical, structural, and morphologicalcharacterization of these waste materials and subsequently to find out the best suitable method for the hydrometallurgical treatment.The experimental work includes full plant experiments. Extraction conditions such as the effect of microwave power, leaching agent,acid concentration, S/L ratio and extraction time on the zinc removal efficiency were evaluated. The main goal is to set the bestconditions to transfer zinc into the solution while the iron should to remain in the solid phase.

The basic oxygen furnace (BOF) dust is a hazardous metallurgical waste generated in the collection of particulate material duringsteel making processes. The occurrence and recovery of metallurgical wastes from steelmaking and iron making processes becomenowadays a great problem, mainly due to the big amount and environmental pollution by heavy metals potential. The research of nonisothermalkinetics by microwave heating was evaluated. Experimental results indicate that the most important factor that strongly affectedmicrowave acid extraction was the microwave power input. It is shown that approximately from 22 to 50°C the process is controlled bydiffusion with a low apparent activation energy value of Ea = 1.15 kJ/mol. With increasing temperature the Arrhenius slope is more steeperwith the apparent activation energy value of Ea = 22.01 kJ/mol, which proves that the microwave leaching process from 50°C is undercontrol by the surface chemical reaction. This indicates that the microwave promotes the mineral solid particle to burst effectively, makes theparticle to expose a fresh surface and strengthens the leaching process.

Bentonite with its unique structural properties is a valuable material for environmental application. Its sorption propertiesare usually improved by the different ways of modification. In this work, the special sedimentation method was used for the treatment ofthe natural bentonite to obtain monomineral fraction of montmorillonite. The modification by iron oxide particles was used with the aimto prepare the magnetic sorbent with enhanced sorption properties of treated bentonite. The removal of nickel from aqueous solutions bythe natural, treated and magnetically modified bentonite was studied in batch adsorption-equilibrium experiments. The experimentaldata were fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The sorption capacities of the natural, treated and modified bentonite werecompared.

Vehicle handling quality is one of the most significant factor of the active road safety. This paper proposes and compares four variants of computational models usable for the vehicle handling analysis. The first three of them are based on single track model extended by Magic Formula tire model and lateral load transfer during cornering. The last one is a multi-body model created in MSC Admas software which is a three-dimensional model of the vehicle comprised of individual subsystems with many degrees of freedom. Presented models are validated with measurement of double lane change manoeuvre executed by the Formula Ford car.

Soil erosion estimation is an important part of a land consolidation process. Universal soil loss equation (USLE) was presented by Wischmeier and Smith. USLE computation uses several factors, namely R – rainfall factor, K – soil erodability, L – slope length factor, S – slope gradient factor, C – cropping management factor, and P – erosion control management factor. L and S factors are usually combined to one LS factor – Topographic factor. The single factors are determined from several sources, such as DTM (Digital Terrain Model), BPEJ – soil type map, aerial and satellite images, etc. A conventional approach to the USLE computation, which is widely used in the Czech Republic, is based on the selection of characteristic profiles for which all above-mentioned factors must be determined. The result (G – annual soil loss) of such computation is then applied for a whole area (slope) of interest. Another approach to the USLE computation uses grids as a main data-structure. A prerequisite for a grid-based USLE computation is that each of the above-mentioned factors exists as a separate grid layer. The crucial step in this computation is a selection of appropriate grid resolution (grid cell size). A large cell size can cause an undesirable precision degradation. Too small cell size can noticeably slow down the whole computation. Provided that the cell size is derived from the source’s precision, the appropriate cell size for the Czech Republic varies from 30m to 50m. In some cases, especially when new surveying was done, grid computations can be performed with higher accuracy, i.e. with a smaller grid cell size. In such case, we have proposed a new method using the two-step computation. The first step computation uses a bigger cell size and is designed to identify higher erosion spots. The second step then uses a smaller cell size but it make the computation only the area identified in the previous step. This decomposition allows a quick computation while the precision degradation is smaller then in the one-step computation. The above-described two-step method is suitable mainly for a combination of larger areas (several cadastral areas) and high precision sources at the same time. It is evident that in present time such a combination is rather unique, which means that in most cases the one-step computation with 30m–50m cell sizes is adequate. It is expected that in the future all sources used for the determination of the factors will have a higher accuracy and, therefore, the two-step computation will be needed.

Příspěvek se zabývá rozborem stavební podoby tvrze v Řesanicích, okr. Plzeň-jih, na základě staršího stavebně historického a nově vyhodnoceného archeologického výzkumu z let 2004–2010, při kterém byly zachyceny starší situace tvrze v podobě obvodové zdi a rozsáhlé destrukce shořelých mazanicových otisků. Na základě rozboru terénní části archeologického výzkumu a rozboru artefaktů (keramika a mazanice) byla učiněna představa o možné stavební podobě panského sídla a jeho stavebních a vývojových fázích.

V článku jsou charakterizovány metody a postupy, které se uplatňovaly při opravě a konzervaci zříceniny hradu Rokštejna v letech 2002 až 2010.

This was the theme of the third annual international interdisciplinary conference Our Common Present which took place at Charles University’s Philosophical Faculty on 24 April 2013 in cooperation between the University of South Bohemia’s Economics Faculty, the Charles University Environment Center, and the University of Hradec Králové’s Education Faculty.

Článek je úvahou nad instančností kárného řízení v případě projednávání kárných deliktů (provinění) soudních exekutorů. Zda je po právu současná úprava jednostupňového kárného řízení bez možnosti podat odvolání jako opravný prostředek nebo by mělo být kárné řízení dvojstupňové? Zásadní otázkou je, zda lze kárné obvinění chápat jako obvinění trestní v širším slova smyslu? V první části příspěvku jsou zmíněny základní pojmy týkající se problematiky, aktuální právní stav přezkumu v kárném řízení i stručný vývoj kárného řízení ve věcech soudních exekutorů. Další část je věnována otázce instančnosti kárného řízení a možného přezkumu kárného rozhodnutí, včetně porovnání stěžejní judikatury. V závěru pak autor shrnuje poznatky.

Odpověď organizátorů na článek Názory účastníků konference „Naše společná přítomnost“

Conference report

Řetězové pohony nacházejí v současnosti široké uplatnění v celé řadě strojních zařízení. Soudobé výpočtové prostředky, především konečnoprvkové programy a multibody systémy, umožňují vytvořit jejich 3D výpočtové modely a tím výrazně omezit rozsah nákladných technických experimentů. Popsaný dynamický model je koncipován jako modul komplexního systému - virtuálního motoru.

Článek je zaměřen zejména na trestněprávní následky neoprávněné dražby movitých věcí v režimu exekučního řádu. Na úvod jsou zmíněny základní skutečnosti k uvedení do problematiky, přehled právního stavu, včetně judikatury, a jeho aktuální vývoj v oblasti exekuce prodejem movitých věcí. Článek se zabývá protiprávním úkonem vykonavatele exekutora, kterým je soupis movitého majetku, a na něj v exekuci navazující dražbou movitých věcí a z toho vyplývající odpovědností soudního exekutora.

Recenze publikace - Karel Marek: Obchodněprávní smlouvy Spisy Právnické fakulty č. 252, Brno 2001, 282 s.