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V ekološki pridelavi je izziv, kako pridelati kakovostne sadike, predvsem, kako zagotoviti ustrezno oskrbo s hranili. Ena izmed rešitev za zagotovitev ustrezne količine hranil bi lahko bila uporaba naravnega, organskega vira dušika, ki je v tekoči obliki in ga lahko dodamo ob zalivanju sadik. Izvedli smo poskus na sadikah zelja (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) in solate (Lactuca staiva L.). Štiri plošče smo uporabili za kontrolne sadike in jih namakali le v vodi, druge štiri plošče pa v vodi z dodatkom aminokislin (AK, pripravek Delfan). Ko so sadike dosegle velikost primerno za presajanje (t.i. prodajna velikost), smo prešteli število razvitih listov, razvitost korenin, višino sadike, svežo maso, vsebnost klorofila, površino listov ter maso suhe snov. Sadike solate, ki so bile namakane v vodi z AK (14,6 cm), so bile višje od kontrolnih sadik (13,0 cm), pri zelju se razlike niso pokazale. Razlike v številu listov se niso pokazale ne pri solati ne pri zelju. Kontrolne sadike in sadike, namakane v vodi z AK, so po razvitosti korenin spadale v razred dobro razvitega koreninskega sistema. Sveža masa sadik zelja je bila za 3,03 g večja pri sadikah namakanih v vodi z AK, pri solati pa za 0,25 g. Površina listov je bila pri sadikah solate in zelja, namakanih v vodi z AK, večja od kontrolnih sadik. Sadike namakane v vodi z AK so vsebovale več klorofila pri solati za 4,34 %, pri zelju pa za 3,67 % kot kontrolne sadike. Gnojene sadike so porabile tudi več vode. In organic production, the challenge is to ensure the appropriate quality of the seedlings, in particular to guarantee a sufficient supply of nutrients. One solution to ensure a sufficient amount of fertilizer is to use a natural (organic) nitrogen source, which is available in liquid form and can be added by irrigating the seedlings. We conducted an experiment with cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) seedlings and lettuce (Lactuca staiva L.) seedlings. Four plates with seedlings were used for control and soaked only in water, the other four plates in water with added amino acids (AA, as Delfan solution). When the seedlings had reached a size suitable for transplantation (i.e. sales size), we measured the number of developed leaves, root development, height of seedlings, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, leaf surface and mass of dry matter. Lettuce seedlings soaked in water with AA (14,6 cm) were higher than control seedlings (13,0 cm), in cabbage seedlings no differences were not obvious. Differences in leaf number were not shown in either lettuce or cabbage. Root systems of control seedlings and seedlings that were fertilized with AA belonged to the class of well-developed root systems. The fresh weight of cabbage was 3,03 g higher of seedlings fertilized with AA, and 0,25 g for lettuce seedlings. The leaf area of seedlings fertilized with AA was also larger than that of control seedlings. The AA fertilized seedlings contained more chlorophyll than the control seedlings, for lettuce by 4,34 % and cabbage by 3,67 %. It was also shown that fertilized seedlings used more water.

Tarčno preurejanje genoma z uporabo tehnologije CRISPR/Cas9 je vedno pogosteje uporabljen pristop za induciranje tarčnih mutacij tudi pri rastlinah. V naših poskusih smo uporabili deset različnih sgRNA za ciljanje štirih različnih mest v genomu zelja (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), med njimi tudi 6 sgRNA za spremembe centromernega proteina CENH3, ki je vključen v ločevanje kromosomov. Rastline z mutiranimi oblikami proteina CENH3 se lahko uporabijo kot opraševalske linije za indukcijo haploidov v procesu pridobivanja hibridov z visoko agronomsko vrednostjo. Za dostavo pripravljenih CRISPR/Cas9 vektorjev v celice rastlin zelja smo uporabili tri različne pristope: transformacijo protoplastov, agroinfiltracijo in stabilno transformacijo z uporabo bakterije Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A. t.). Za detekcijo tarčnih mutacij smo uporabili test z endonukleazo T7E1, sekvenciranje po Sangerju in sekvenciranje naslednje generacije. Slednje je pokazalo uspešno indukcijo tarčnih mutacij za vse testirane sgRNA pri vzorcih poskusov transformacije protoplastov in agroinfiltracije. Odstotki induciranih indel (insercije-delecije) mutacij so bili do 11,95 % po transformaciji protoplastov in do 14,42 % po agroinfiltraciji. Za regeneracijo rastlin z želenimi mutacijami smo optimizirali protokole za regeneracijo protoplastov z uporabo gojenja v alginatnih diskih in protokol za stabilno transformacijo z A. t. Protokoli, izdelani v okviru te doktorske disertacije, bodo pripomogli k uporabi tarčne mutageneze pri žlahtnjenju zelja. Genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a prevailing approach for the induction of target mutations also in plants. In our work, we used ten different sgRNAs for genome editing of four different sites in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), including 6 sgRNAs for modification of centromere protein CENH3 involved in chromosome segregation. Plants carrying mutated versions of CENH3 have the potential to be used as haploid inducers in the process of production of hybrids with high agronomic value. We used three different approaches for delivery of prepared CRISPR/Cas9 vectors into cabbage cells: protoplast transfection, agroinfiltration and stable transformation using Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A. t.). To detect target mutations we used T7E1 assay, Sanger sequencing, and next-generation sequencing. The latter showed successful induction of target mutations for all tested sgRNAs in protoplast transfection and agroinfiltration experiments. Mutations were induced at frequencies up to 11,95 % for protoplast transfection and up to 14,42 % for agroinfiltration. For regeneration of plants carrying desired mutations, we optimized protocols for the regeneration of protoplast using cultivation in alginate layers and protocol for stable transformation with A. t. Protocols developed through this doctoral dissertation will help to further use targeted mutagenesis in cabbage breeding.

Zelje predstavlja eno najpomembnejših zelenjadnic na svetu. Klasično žlahtnjenje in pridobivanje novih sort zelja je zelo zamudno, saj je zelje dvoletnica. Samoinkompatibilnost je lastnost nekaterih cvetočih rastlin, ki bi lahko znatno skrajšala postopek žlahtnjenja. V ta namen je bil zasnovan poskus, v katerem smo 114 čistim linijam belega zelja iz pomnoženih DNA fragmentov določili inkompatibilnostni razred na osnovi markerjev SRK (S-lokus receptor kinaza) gena, ki je ženska domena (se izrazi v pestiču). Na začetku smo uporabili 9 začetnih oligonukleotidov, ki pomnožujejo različne domene SRK gena, v nadaljevanju poskusa pa smo jih 6 izločili, ker niso delovali pravilno ali pa so bili kontaminirani. Ugotovili smo, da 33,3 % čistih linij pripada razredu I. S pomočjo sekvenčne reakcije smo določili zaporedje 66 čistim linijam in jih razvrstili v podrazrede. V razredu I smo dobili 4 različne podrazrede, v razredu II pa 2. Na 12 različnih lokacijah po Sloveniji smo v parih posadili po eno rastlino belega zelja in eno rastlino rdečega zelja za poskus križanja. Seme smo pridobili samo na dveh lokacijah. Iz semena smo vzgojili sadike in na nivoju fenotipa ter s pomočjo mikrosatelitnih markerjev preverili, ali je prišlo do samooprašitve ali križanja. Delež samooprašitve je bil v inkompatibilnostnem razredu I visok, kar pomeni, da se je kljub močni samoinkompatibilnosti oprašilo veliko število rastlin, zato bi morali poskus ponoviti v bolj optimalnih pogojih. Cabbage is one of the most important vegetables in the world. It is a biennial plant. Therefore the classical breeding procedure for new cabbage varieties is very time-consuming. Selfincompatibility is a characteristic of some flowering plants that could significantly shorten the breeding process. For this reason, the incompatibility class of 114 inbred lines of white cabbage from amplified DNA fragments using SRK-specific primers (S-locus receptor kinase) was determined. SRK gene is a female determinant and it is expressed in the pistil. Initially, we used 9 SRK-specific primers that amplify different domains of the SRK gene, and in the further experiment, 6 of them were eliminated because they did not function properly or were contaminated. We found out that 33.3% of the inbred lines belonged to class I. Using the sequence analysis, we analyzed the sequence of 66 inbred lines and classified them into subclasses. In class I, 4 different subclasses, and in class II, 2 subclasses were identified. At different locations across Slovenia, we planted a white cabbage plant together with a red cabbage plant for test-crossing. Seeds were obtained in only two locations. Seedlings were tested for self-pollination on the phenotypic level and with molecular markers. The percentage of self-pollination was very high in incompatibility class I, meaning that despite the strong selfincompatibility, a large number of plants were self-pollinated. Further research under more optimal conditions would be appropriate.

Žlahtnjenje hibridnih sort zelja je zapleten in dolgotrajen postopek. Pri križnicah se za pridobivanje hibridnega semena pogosto uporablja samoinkompatibilnost peloda, ki pa ne zagotovi v celoti hibridnega potomstva, saj samoopraševanja ne preprečuje popolnoma. Citoplazmatska moška sterilnost (CMS) je najbolj učinkovita in zanesljiva metoda pridobivanja hibridov. Zagotavlja nam popolnoma hibridno potomstvo, saj samooprašitev ni mogoča. CMS določajo geni na mitohondrijski DNA, ki se zato dedujejo po materi preko citoplazme. Poznanih je več virov CMS. Najpogostejši pri križnicah je tip Ogura CMS, ki je bil prvotno odkrit pri redkvici. V raziskavi smo želeli pri izbranih sortah zelja z molekulskimi in fenotipskimi markerji določiti prisotnost gena orf138, ki je odgovoren za pojav Ogura CMS. Za preverjanje prisotnosti Ogura CMS smo uporabili štiri že objavljene mikrosatelitne začetne oligonukleotide. Po pomnoževanju in sekvenciranju med sortami nismo opazili razlik. Oblikovali smo nove začetne oligonukleotide za pomnoževanje regije na kateri se nahaja gen orf138. Z njimi smo uspešno pomnožili želeno regijo. Dobljene sekvence so bile homologne objavljenim sekvencam za CMS pri redkvici in zelju. Gen za CMS je bil prisoten pri dveh hibridnih sortah zelja: 'Liberator F1' in 'Tolerator F1'. Opravili smo tudi izolacijo in gojenje mikrospor za preverjanje androgenetske odzivnosti sort in s tem fertilnosti mikrospor. Morfološki pregled cvetov nam je potrdil molekulske rezultate, saj so bili prašniki pri rastlinah s CMS zakrneli in niso tvorili peloda. Cabbage breeding is a very complicated and long-term procedure. In Brassicas the production of hybrid seeds generally relies on self-incompatibility system that does not provide fully hybrid progeny. CMS is an easier and faster method to achieve hybrid seeds. It ensures completely hybrid progeny, because self-pollination is not possible. CMS is inherited maternally through cytoplasm. There are few sources of CMS, but the most commonly used in Brassicca breeding is the Ogura type. It was introduced from radish CMS cytoplasm. In our research we wanted to confirm the presence of the gene orf138 in our genotypes with molecular and phenotypic markers. Isolated DNAs from 20 varieties of white cabbage were checked with published PCR based markers. The amplification and sequence analysis did not reveal any significant differences among the varieties. New primer pairs aimed at amplifying regions of the orf138 gene were therefore designed and tested. We successfully amplified the region including the orf138 gene. Sequence analysis showed homology with already known sequences for CMS in radish and cabbage. The orf138 gene, responsible for CMS, was confirmed in two studied hybrid varieties: 'Liberator F1' and 'Tolerator F1'. We also isolated microspores of our genotypes to check their responsiveness to microspore embryogenesis. With observation of flower morphology we confirmed molecular results, because there was no pollen formed at the stamens.

Oljčne tropine lahko predstavljajo bogat vir hranil in organske snovi, ki jih rastline nujno potrebujejo za rast. Raziskave so pokazale, da imajo lahko predvsem sveže oljčne tropine alelopatski vpliv na nekatere rastlinske vrste. V magistrski nalogi smo poskušali ugotoviti ali imajo oljčne tropine alelopatski vpliv na kalitev in rast solate in zelja. Preizkušali smo sveže tropine (Sveže tropine), eno leto stare oljčne tropine (Kompost 2) in tri mesece stare oljčne tropine (Kompost 1). V preizkusu kalivosti semen solate, zelja, bazilike in boba nismo opazili statistično značilnih razlik med kontrolo in ostalimi obravnavanji. V drugem delu poskusa smo v setvenih platojih preizkušali učinek 20 % masnega deleža oljčnih tropin na rast in razvoj zelja in solate. Rastline v kontroli so v vseh meritvah (povprečna višina rastlin, masa rastlin in povprečna potencialna fotokemična aktivnost) dosegale boljše rezultate v primerjavi z ostalimi obravnavanji. V zadnjem poskusu pa smo preverili vpliv različnih masnegga deleža oljčnih tropin (5, 10, 15 in 20 %) na rast in razvoj solate in zelja. Pri solati, med kontrolo in 5 ter 10 odstotnimi masnim deležem, v večini primerov ni bilo statistično značilnih razlik, ne glede na tip tropin, ki smo ga uporabili. Na zelju je bil alelopatski učinek nekoliko bolj izražen že pri manjših masnih deležih, a veliko manj kot pri večjih masnih deležih. Lahko rečemo, da oljčne tropine v nizkih masnih deležih (5 in 10 %) nimajo ali imajo zelo majhen alelopatski vpliv na rast in razvoj sadik solate in zelja. Olive pomaces represent a potential rich resource of nutrients and organic matter, that are vital for plant optimal germination and development, but some researchers suggest that olive pomaces (especially fresh olive pomaces) may have an allelopathic effect on some plant species. The objective of this thesis was to determine the allelopathic effect of olive pomaces on the germination and growth of lettuce and cabbage. We tested fresh olive pomaces (Sveže tropine), one year (Kompost 2) and three months old olive pomaces (Kompost 1). No significant effects were observable on the germination of lettuce, cabbage, basil and fava bean. In the second part, we tested an olive pomace concentration of 20 % on the growth of lettuce and cabbage. In all of the measured parameters (average plant height, weight of five plants and Fv'/Fm') the plants in the control group yielded significantly better results than in comparison with other groups. In the last part of this thesis we tested the effect of different concentrations of olive pomaces (5, 10, 15 and 20 %). There was no significant difference between the control group and some of the groups with smaller doses of olive pomaces (5 and 10 %) on lettuce. On the other hand, on cabbage plants the allelopathic effect was a bit more visible, even at lower concentrations, but still cabbages grown in higher concentrations were a lot smaller. We can conclude that in our experiment, the lower concentrations of olive pomaces had little or no allelopathic effect on lettuce and cabbage.

V okviru programa žlahtnjenja zelja (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) smo preverjali odzivnost posameznih genotipov na haploidno embriogenezo. Iz izhodiščnih rastlin smo porezali brste, iz njih izolirali mikrospore in jih gojili v NLN gojišču brez dodatka ali z dodatkom 0,02 % aktivnega oglja. Po 33 dneh smo prešteli formirane embrije. Oglje ni imelo statistično značilnega vpliva na indukcijo embrijev, le-ti pa so bili večji in bolj regenerativno sposobni. Pri treh genotipih je bilo povprečno število embrijev višje kot 50 embrijev/petrijevko, pri ostalih petih genotipih pa je bilo število embrijev nižje (11,4 – 39,0 embrijev/petrijevko). Embrije smo prestavili na B5 gojišče za regeneracijo ali pa smo jih predhodno tretirali še z abscizinsko kislino (ABA). Ob takojšnji prestavitvi na B5 gojišče, se je v rastline regeneriralo 23,8 - 46,0 % embrijev. Po tretiranju z ABA in izsušitvi smo dosegli višji odstotek regeneracije (37,0 - 73,3 %) in normalen razvoj rastlin. Ploidnost smo izmerili 671 regenerantom in od tega je bilo 275 podvojenih haploidov (41 %), ki smo jih uspešno aklimatizirali. Delež aklimatizacije je znašal 98 %. Z namenom optimizacije postopka mikropropagacije in klonskega razmnoževanja že pridobljenih linij iz predhodnih poskusov žlahtnjenja smo devet linij inokulirali na tri MS gojišča z različnimi koncentracijami hormonov. Največ poganjkov smo dobili na gojišču z 2,0 mg/l IBA in 3,0 mg/l BAP. Po končani razrasti poganjkov smo jih koreninili na polovičnem brezhormonskem MS gojišču. Delež koreninjenja je bil med 50 % in 78 %. Zdrave in ukoreninjene poganjke smo prestavili v rastlinjak, kjer je bila aklimatizacija 97 % uspešna. In the scope of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) breeding program the responsiveness of new donor genotypes to haploid embryogenesis was tested. Microspores were isolated from flower buds of donor plants, which were then cultivated on NLN medium, with and without the addition of 0. 02 % active charcoal. After 33 days, the embryos were counted. Charcoal had no statistically significant effect on embryo induction but embryos were more vigorous with higher germination efficiency. For three genotypes the embryo yield was higher than 50 embryos per petri dish, while the other five genotypes had lower number of embryos (11.4-39.0 per petri dish). The next step was either direct inoculation of embryos to the B5 regeneration medium or treatment of embryos with abscisic acid and desiccation before the inoculation to B5 medium. The percentage of regenerated embryos without ABA treatment was 23.8 – 46.0 %. The embryos with ABA treatment acheived higher germination percentage (37.0 % - 73.3 %) followed by normal plantlet development. From the total number of 671 regenerated plants analysed with flow cytometry, 275 plants (41 %) were dubled haploids. 98 % of dubled haploids were successfully acclimatized. In order to optimize the micropropagation and clone reproduction of already obtained lines from previous breeding experiments, nine inbred lines we inoculated to MS medium with different concentrations of hormones. The highest number of shoots were achieved on MS medium with 2 mg/l of IBA and 3 mg/l of BAP. The shoots were then transplanted to rooting medium. The percentage of rooting was between 50 % and 78 %. Rooting was induced on half-strength MS hormone free medium. The healthy and rooted regenerants were then planted in the green house, where the acclimatization rate was 97 %.

Senzorične lastnosti so bile preučevane pri rdeči pesi (Beta vulgaris L. cv. 'Rote Kügel') in belem zelju (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. alba cv. 'Kranjsko okroglo'), pridelanih v različnih pridelovalnih sistemih. Vzorci so bili pridobljeni iz ekološkega (EKO), integriranega (INT), biodinamičnega (BD) in konvencionalnega (KON) pridelovalnega sistema ter kontrole - brez uporabe fitofarmacevtskih sredstev in gnojil (K). Senzorično ocenjevanje je bilo izvedeno s pomočjo nešolanih ocenjevalcev, ki so na podlagi 9-stopenjske lestvice ocenjevali všečnost vzorcev. Preučevani parametri so bili barva, vonj, okus, splošni vtis in pripravljenost za nakup. Pri rdeči pesi je način kmetijske pridelave statistično značilno vplival na barvo. Barva biodinamične (ocena 6,38) in kontrolne (6,56) rdeče pese je statistično značilno boljše ocenjena kot barva integrirano (5,82) pridelane rdeče pese. Pri zelju so bile statistično značilne razlike pri vseh parametrih, razen pri pripravljenosti za nakup. Glede okusa je bilo zelje iz biodinamične pridelave (6,00) statistično značilno boljše ocenjeno. Slabše sta bila ocenjena vzorca zelja iz kontrole (5,27) in ekološke (5,26) pridelave. Opažene so bile tudi razlike med ocenami rdeče pese, glede na starostno skupino in izobrazbo. Pri zelju so se razlike pokazale v ocenah med spoloma in med ocenjevalci z različno stopnjo izobrazbe. Sensory properties have been investigated in red beet (Beta vulgaris L. cv. 'Rote Kügel') and white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. alba cv. 'Kranjsko okroglo'), which were grown in different production systems. Plant samples were obtained from organic (EKO), integrated (INT), biodynamic (BD) and conventional (KON) production systems and control - without protection means applied and fertilisers (K). Sensory evaluation was conducted by untrained tasters based on 9-point hedonic scale assessed the likeability of the samples. Parameters studied were colour, odour, taste, overall acceptability and willingness to buy. In the case of beetroot there were statistically significant differences shown for colours. Colour control (6,56) and biodynamic (6,38) beetroot is significantly better assessed, integrated (5,82) colour grown beetroot. In the case of cabbage there were statistically significant differences shown for all characteristics, except for the willingness to buy. In terms of taste, it was cabbage, from biodynamic cultivation (6,00), significantly better rated. Worse was estimated sample of cabbage out of control (5,27) and organic production (5,26). Were also observed differences between the estimates of beetroot, depending on age and education. In cabbage, the differences shown in the estimates between the sexes and between examiners with different levels of education.

Cilj preučevanja je primerjava naleta škodljivcev glede na različne združene posevke z belim zeljem (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. alba DC). Posajena je vsaka vrsta kot samostojni posevek in v združeni setvi, zelje v kombinaciji s fižolom (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), rdečo peso (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. Rubra L.), paradižnikom (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), porom (Allium porrum L.), zeleno (Apium graveolens L.) in solato (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata DC). Velikost populacij škodljivcev smo ugotavljali s pomočjo ulova na rumene in modre lepljive plošče. Po raziskavi se je pokazal značilen vpliv na zmanjšan nalet škodljivcev v združeni setvi zelja in zelene ter zelja in fižola, na sam nalet škodljivcev pa je vplival tudi termin opazovanja velikosti populacij. Na zmanjšan nalet tobakovega resarja (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) sta ugodno vplivala zelena in fižol (p < 0,01), vendar ne v vseh obravnavanih terminih enako. Na nalet hržice (Contarinia nasturtii L.) se je pokazal značilen vpliv v četrtem terminu (20. 08. 2008), na nalet kapusovega molja (Plutella xylostella L.) pa v prvem terminu (18. 06. 2008). Na nalet kapusove muhe (Delia radicum L.) in kapusovega bolhača (Phyllotreta undulata L.) združena setev ni značilno vplivala (p > 0,05). Splošen nalet škodljivcev ulovljenih na modre in rumene lepljive plošče je bil statistično značilno (p < 0,05) manjši pri združenih posevkih (4,4 škodljivcev na parcelo) kot pri samostojnem posevku zelja (8,5 škodljivcev na parcelo). Aim of this study was to compare the appearance of pests among different intercropping systems of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. alba DC). In the study white cabbage was used as a main crop, and bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), red beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. rubra L.), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), leek (Allium porrum L.), celery (Apium graveolens L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata DC.) were used as intercrops. Each of the intercrops was planted simultaneous in additive intercropping design between cabbage rows in separate plots. Cabbage and all intercrops were also grown as sole crops. The lowest apperance (catch on sticky yellow or blue traps) of pest was in plots with celery and bush bean (p < 0,05). Significantly lower apperance of thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) was detected on plots with celery and bush bean (p < 0,01), the apperance of cabbage moth (Plutella xylostella L.) was lower in first term (18. 06. 2008) and of swede midge (Contarinia nasturtii L.) was lesser in forth term (20. 08. 2008). The apperance of cabbage fly (Delia radicum L.) and flea beetlle (Phyllotreta undulata L.) was not significantly lower in intercropping system (p > 0,05). Apperance of pest was significantly lower on sticky plates that were set on plots with intercrops (4,4 pests on plot) than on plots with pure cabbage stands (8,5 pests on plot).

IZVLEČEK V letih 2007 in 2008 smo na Univerzitetnem kmetijskem centru Pohorski dvor v Pivoli pri Mariboru v Sloveniji izvedli ekološki poljski poskus združene setve zelenjadnic, s katerim smo proučili vpliv šestih zelenjadnic na pridelek belega zelja (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. alba DC.). Zelje kot osnovni posevek je bilo posajeno skupaj z zelenjadnicami: glavnato solato (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata DC.), nizkim fižolom (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), rdečo peso (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. rubra L.), paradižnikom (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), porom (Allium porrum L.) in zeleno (Apium graveolens L.). Zelenjadnice so bile posajene v istem časovnem terminu kot zelje po aditivnem vzorcu združene setve na sredini medvrstnih prostorov zelja. Vse zelenjadnice so bile posajene tudi kot samostojni posevki. Statistična zasnova poskusa je bila naključni blok sistem s štirimi ponovitvami. Izračunali smo nekatere kazalce učinkovitosti izrabe pridelovalne površine, časa pridelave, tekmovalnosti vrst in prihodka združene setve. Statistično značilno najvišji pridelek zelja v združeni setvi je bil dosežen pri združeni setvi z rdečo peso in solato, medtem ko je bil najnižji pridelek dosežen v združeni setvi s paradižnikom. Paradižnik je imel največjo tekmovalno moč proti zelju, medtem ko je rdeča pesa pozitivno vplivala na produktivnost zelja. Vrednosti količnika ekvivalenta tal (LER) so bile višje od 1,0 pri vseh obravnavanjih združene setve. Najvišja vrednost LER (1,45) je bila dosežena pri združeni setvi zelja in paradižnika ter najmanjša pri združeni setvi zelja in fižola ter zelja in pora (1,19). Kazalci učinkovitosti izrabe pridelovalne površine in časa pridelave so pokazali prednost večine obravnavanj združene setve v primerjavi s samostojnimi posevki. Kazalec relativne skupne vrednosti (RVT) je pri pridelavi zelja in paradižnika ter zelja in solate v združeni setvi pokazal višji prihodek v primerjavi s prihodkom pridelave paradižnika in solate kot samostojna posevka. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da združena setev zelja s preučevanimi zelenjadnicami lahko poveča produktivnost, učinkovitost izrabe pridelovalne površine, časa in prihodka pridelave v primerjavi s samostojnimi posevki. ABSTRACT In 2007 and 2008 an investigation was carried out to determine the effect of different intercropping systems on the yield of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. alba DC.) in organic farming under field conditions at the University agricultural centre Pohorski dvor in Pivola near Maribor, Slovenia. In the study, white cabbage was used as a main crop, and head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata DC.), bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), red beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. rubra L.), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), leek (Allium porrum L.) and celery (Apium graveolens L.) were used as intercrops. Each of the intercrops was planted simultaneously in additive intercropping design between cabbage rows in separate plots. Cabbage and all intercrops were also grown as sole crops. The experimental design was complete randomized block system with four replications. Some indexes of land and time use efficiency, competitive ability of component species and income of intercropping treatments were calculated. The significant highest marketable yield of cabbage in intercropping was obtained in plots with red beet and lettuce and the lowest one with tomatoes intercropping. The tomatoes had the highest competitive strength to cabbage and contrarily red beet had facilitate affect on cabbage productivity. LER values were over 1,0 in all intercropping systems and showed the advantage of all intercrops treatments. The highest LER (1,45) was obtained with cabbage and tomatoes intercropping and the lowest one with cabbage:bean and cabbage:leek intercropping (1,19). The indexes of land and time use efficiency pointed out the advantage of the most intercrop treatments over sole crops. The relative value total index (RVT) showed higher income of cabbage : tomato and cabbage : lettuce intercropping than tomato and lettuce solitary cropping. The results showed that cabbage based intercropping system could increase productivity, land and time use efficiency and income compared with the production of studied vegetables as sole crops.