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Introduction: Good cooperation between doctors and nurses enables a higher quality of patient treatment. The purpose of the study was to determine how students of medicine and students of nursing evaluate the relationships between nurses and doctors.Methods: In a non-experimental quantitative study, a Jefferson scale was used to evaluate co-operation between doctors and nurses. 428 students were included in a convenience sample of whom 235 (54.9 %) were nursing students and 193 (45.1 %) were medical students. The data were analysed with bivariate statistics and the t-test.Results: The findings have shown statistically significant differences regarding the gender of the respondents and with some claims also with respect to the students' study programme. The female respondents in general agreed more with the claims than the male respondents. The biggest difference regarding gender was with respect to the claim that students of medicine and nursing students should participate in teamwork during their studies, so that they could understand their roles better (t = 2.59, p = 0.010). In general, the nursing students agreed with the claims more than the medical students. Comparing the two study programmes, the greatest difference was found with respect to the claim that "The nurse should be seen as a doctor's co-worker and colleague, and not as a doctor's assistant" (t = 15.24, p < 0.001).Discussion and conclusion: The findings have shown statistically significant differences in the evaluation of the relationship between nurses and doctors according to gender and study programme. The differences in the views of the students from the two faculties provide an opportunity for future curriculum design of these two study programmes. Uvod: Dobrosodelovanje med zdravniki in medicinskimi sestrami omogoča višjo kakovost zdravstvene obravnave pacientov. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kako odnose med medicinskimi sestrami in zdravniki ocenjujejo študenti zdravstvene nege in medicine.Metode: V neeksperimentalni kvantitativni raziskavi je bila uporabljena Jeffersonova lestvica za oceno sodelovanja med zdravniki in medicinskimi sestrami. V priložnostni vzorec je bilo zajetih 428 študentov. Od tega 235 (54,9 %) študentov zdravstvene nege in 193 (45,1 %) študentov medicine. Podatki so bili analizirani z bivariatno statistiko in t-testom. Rezultati: Ugotovitve kažejo statistično pomembne razlike glede na spol anketirancev, pri nekaterih trditvah pa tudi glede na vrsto študija. Anketiranke so se v večji meri strinjale s trditvami. Največja razlika glede na spol anketiranih je bila pri trditvi, da bi morali biti študentje medicine in zdravstvene nege vključeni v timsko delo, da bi razumeli svoje vloge (t = 2,59, p = 0,010). Študentje zdravstvene nege so se večinoma bolj strinjali s trditvami kot študentje medicine. V primerjavi med vrstama študija je bila največja razlika glede strinjanja pri trditvi %Na medicinsko sestro je treba gledati kot na zdravnikovo sodelavko in kolegico in ne kot na pomočnico% (t = 15,24, p < 0,001). Diskusija in zaključek: Ugotovitve kažejo statistično pomembne razlike v oceni odnosov med medicinskimi sestrami in zdravniki glede na spol anketiranih ter vrsto študija. Razlike glede različnih pogledov študentov obeh fakultet ponujajo priložnost za načrtovanje obeh izobraževanih programov.

Prispevek predstavlja raziskavo pojava mobinga v različnih delovnih okoljih slovenske osnovne šole, in sicer na podlagi empiričnih podatkov, zbranih v treh osnovnih šolah kot delovnih organizacijah. Avtorici ugotavljata razlike med šolami glede pogostosti pojavljanja pojava, značilnosti žrtev, vzrokov, zaradi katerih se pojavi, in posledic, ki nastanejo. Podatki empiričnih raziskav psihosocialnih pogojev v šolah kot delovnih organizacijah kažejo, da je vse več zaposlenih žrtev mobinga. Mobing je definiran kot močan socialni stresor v delovnih organizacijah. Napaden posameznik oz. družbena skupina mobing doižvlja kot konfliktno situacijo in komunikacijo na delovnem mestu. Napaden posameznik, žrtev konflikta, je izpostavljen stalnim in dlje časa trajajočim napadom ene ali več oseb na delovnem mestu, z namenom, da ga izrinejo iz delovne organizacije ali mu kako drugače škodujejo. Nad napadeno osebo se izvajajo pritiski, ustrahovanja, osebo se ponižuje, nadleguje ali kako drugače nanjo negativno vpliva.Žrtev zaradi psihičnih obremenitev v večini primerov zboli in pogosto tudi zapusti delovno mesto. Mobing lahko posameznika prizadene do tolikšne mere, da se ni več sposoben vključiti v nobeno delovno okolje. Posameznik posledice najpogosteje doživlja kot stres, raztresenost, težave s koncentracijo in družinske probleme. The paper presents a discussion on the appearance of mobbing in different working environments in Slovene elementary schools. The research is based on empirical facts collected in three different schools as a type work organization. There are some differences between organizations in the frequencies that mobbing appears, victims' characteristics, and the reasons and consequences that appear after the mobbing .The results of the empirical research on the psychosocial conditions in the work place show that more and more teachers as employees are mobbing victims. Mobbing is defined as a very strong social stress factor. Each individual or a social group experiences mobbing as a conflict situation that can involve communication at work. Attacked individuals, the victims of the conflict, are exposed to the permanent and long-term attacks of one or more people at work. The intention of these attacks is to oust the individual from the organization or to harm them in any other way. A lot of pressure is being put on these people and also intimidation, humiliation, molestation or some other negative influences appear. Because of the psychological burden caused by this, the victim usually becomes ill and often leaves the work position. Mobbing can affect the individual in a way that they are no longer capable for fitting in to any new work environment. The most frequent consequences that the victims suffered were: the feeling of being stressed, insomnia, concentration problems and family problems.

V sodobni družbi mnogi lik ženske še vedno povezujejo s predsodki, ki žensko utesnjujejo in ji jemljejo motivacijo za kakovostno delo. Še posebej zato, ker obstajajo določene dejavnosti, ki jih ženska po mnenju okolja ne zna ali ne zmore dovolj dobro opraviti. Med zadnje zaradi stopnje izobrazbe in količine dela prištevamo tudi področje znanosti. Podrobneje smo raziskali in preučili položaj žensk v znanosti in v družinskem okolju v sodobni slovenski družbi. Osredotočili smo se zlasti na njihov položaj, ki ga še vedno zaznamujeta diskriminacija in neenakost. Vsa ta področja so pomembna, da družba ne izgublja intelektualnega potenciala žensk. Pri tem smo upoštevali dejstvo, da so v primerjavi s preteklostjo sedaj ženskam dopuščene nove vloge in možnosti javnega delovanja, a le ob ohranjanju tradicionalnih nalog. Prav zaradi tega lahko trdimo, da so ženske v znanstveni sferi spolno diskriminirane. In present-day society the image of a woman is still linked to prejudice that restricts women and steals their motivation for quality work performance. Especially because the environment is of opinion there are certain activities that a woman is incapable of doing or unable to do them good enough. Science is one of the spheres where - for the level of education and the quantity of work - this holds true. Our aim was to research and study the position of women in science and in family environment in contemporary Slovene society. We focused largely on their present position which is still denoted by discrimination and inequality. All these fields are extremely important in light of society not losing the intellectual potential of women. Within the framework of this thesis, a research was made which determined the position of women in science in our country. On the other hand, we have to consider the fact that in comparison with the past, women are nowadays allowed new roles and possibilities of public activity, but only providing they carry out their traditional functions. That is why we can assert that women in science are sexually discriminated.

In present-day society the image of a woman is still linked to prejudice that restricts women and steals their motivation for quality work performance. Especially because the environment is of opinion there are certain activities that a woman is incapable of doing or unable to do them good enough. Science is one of the spheres where - for the level of education and the quantity of work - this holds true. Our aim was to research and study the position of women in science and in family environment in contemporary Slovene society. We focused largely on their present position which is still denoted by discrimination and inequality. All these fields are extremely important in light of society not losing the intellectual potential of women. Within the framework of this thesis, a research was made which determined the position of women in science in our country. On the other hand, we have to consider the fact that in comparison with the past, women are nowadays allowed new roles and possibilities of public activity, but only providing they carry out their traditional functions. That is why we can assert that women in science are sexually discriminated. V sodobni družbi mnogi lik ženske še vedno povezujejo s predsodki, ki žensko utesnjujejo in ji jemljejo motivacijo za kakovostno delo. Še posebej zato, ker obstajajo določene dejavnosti, ki jih ženska po mnenju okolja ne zna ali ne zmore dovolj dobro opraviti. Med zadnje zaradi stopnje izobrazbe in količine dela prištevamo tudi področje znanosti. Podrobneje smo raziskali in preučili položaj žensk v znanosti in v družinskem okolju v sodobni slovenski družbi. Osredotočili smo se zlasti na njihov položaj, ki ga še vedno zaznamujeta diskriminacija in neenakost. Vsa ta področja so pomembna, da družba ne izgublja intelektualnega potenciala žensk. Pri tem smo upoštevali dejstvo, da so v primerjavi s preteklostjo sedaj ženskam dopuščene nove vloge in možnosti javnega delovanja, a le ob ohranjanju tradicionalnih nalog. Prav zaradi tega lahko trdimo, da so ženske v znanstveni sferi spolno diskriminirane.

Diplomsko delo Predšolski otrok v vrtcu in prehranske omejitve je sestavljeno iz dveh delov. Teoretični del zajema opredelitev prehranjevanja v vrtcu, kamor je vključen, opis smernic za prehranjevanje v vzgojno-izobraževalnih ustanovah, kaj določa kurikulum za vrtce glede prehrane, kakšni so dietni režimi v vrtcih ter kakšna so najnovejša priporočila za medicinsko indicirane diete. V nadaljevanju teoretičnega dela pa smo razdelili razloge za različne prehranske omejitve na medicinsko indicirane razloge v svoj sklop in verske ter etične razloge v drug samostojen sklop ter jih podrobneje opisali. Z izvedbo empiričnega dela smo želeli ugotoviti, ali je za otroke s prehranskimi omejitvami v ptujskih vrtcih dobro poskrbljeno in kakšni so pogoji za odobritev dietnega krožnika za predšolskega otroka v teh vrtcih. Tako empirični del zajema tri vodene intervjuje, in sicer z organizatorko prehrane Vrtca Ptuj, ravnateljico Zasebnega vrtca Vilinski gaj in uslužbenko Vrtca Montessori Ptuj, sledi jim pa še analiza posameznega intervjuja. Na podlagi izvedenih intervjujev smo prišli do zaključka, da ptujski vrtci omogočajo diete na podlagi medicinsko indiciranih diet, v enem izmed vrtcev pa pridejo v poštev za dieto tudi razna druga potrdila. Dissertation thesis A preschool child in kindergarten and dietary limitations is composed out of two parts. The theoretical part includes nutrition definition in kindergarten with description of nutrition guidelines valid for educational institutions, what the nutrition curriculum provides for kindergarten and what are the diet programmes and recent recommendations for medically indicated diets. In the continuation of theoretical part, we have divided the reasons for different dietary restrictions, i.e. medically indicated reasons into their own set and religious and ethical reasons to another separate set and describe both sets in more detail. Through the empirical work we wanted to find out whether children with nutritional restrictions in kindergartens in Ptuj are well taken care of and what are the conditions for approving a diet plate for a pre-schooler in these kindergartens. The empirical part covers three guided interviews with the nutrition organizer of Ptuj kindergarten, the headmaster of private kindergarten Vilinski gaj and a staff member of Montessori kindergarten Ptuj, followed by an analysis of each interview. Based on the interviews we have come to conclusion, that kindergartens provide diets based on medically indicated diets and various other certificates are also being considered in one of the kindergartens.

Raziskovalni problem pričujočega diplomskega dela z naslovom Vloga vzgojitelja pri preprečevanju okužb in pogostih nalezljivih bolezni so pogoste nalezljive bolezni predšolskega otroka in vloga vzgojitelja pri prepoznavanju in pravilnem ukrepanju ob pojavu nalezljivih bolezni v vrtcu. V teoretičnem delu smo opredelili najpogostejše povzročitelje okužb in načine širjenja nalezljivih bolezni. Osredotočili smo se na vlogo, naloge in dolžnosti vzgojitelja pri odkrivanju bolezni, preprečevanju okužb, prepoznavanju bolezenskih znakov, simptomov in stanj, krepitvi imunskega sistema predšolskega otroka in pri svetovanje staršem. Predstavili smo tudi potrebne ukrepe, ki jim morajo slediti tako strokovni delavci kot tudi starši in vrtci ob pojavu oziroma sumu na nalezljivo bolezen. V empiričnem delu so predstavljeni rezultati, ki smo jih pridobili z anketnim vprašalnikom v vrtcu Šentjur, ki so ga izpolnjevale vzgojiteljice in pomočnice vzgojiteljic. V raziskavi smo želeli ugotoviti, ali imajo vzgojiteljice in pomočnice vzgojiteljic dovolj znanja in kako ukrepajo pri pojavu okužbe pri otroku. Podatke smo obdelali s pomočjo programa SPSS. Raziskava je pokazala, da imajo vzgojiteljice in pomočnice dovolj znanja o preprečevanju širjenja okužb ne glede na starost in delovno mesto. Ugotovili smo, da so v času izobraževanja pridobile premalo znanja z zdravstveno-preventivnega področja. The main research problem of the graduate assigment »The role of a kindergarden teacher in preventing infections and common infection disseases« are: common infection disseases of preschool child and the role of the educator at recognizing and correctly acting at appearance of dissease. In the theoretical part, we defined the most common producers of disseases and ways of spreading infectious disseases. We focused on a role, assigments and duty of the educator at dissease appearance, signs, simptoms and conditions, at strengthening the immune system of preschool children and advising parents. We also introduced major conditions, which must be followed by professional workers as parents and kindergardens at the apperance of infection disseases. In the empirical part, the final results were introduced, which were acquired with survey questionnaires from the kindergarden in Šentjur, with the help of the educator and their assistans. In the research, we tried to find out if educators and their assistans have enough knowledge and how do they act at dissease apperances on children. Data was processed with SPSS program. Research showed us, that educators and assistans have enough knowledge at preventing the spread of infections not considering age and work place. We found out, that in the time of education, they acquired too little knowledge from the health-preventive area.

Izhodišča: Število starostnikov z leti narašča in vse bolj kaže, da bo naraščalo tudi v prihodnje. Posledično se zaradi tega veča število obiskov referenčnih ambulant. Referenčne ambulante so namenjene preventivni obravnavi, zgodnjemu odkrivanju kroničnih nenalezljivih bolezni in boljšemu nadzoru le-teh, predvsem pri starejši populaciji, ki ima sama pri tem velikokrat težave. Namen raziskave je ugotoviti, kako je starejša populacija zadovoljna z uvedbo referenčnih ambulant in delom diplomiranih medicinskih sester z ozirom na situacijo v Savinjski regiji. Raziskovalna metodologija: Za raziskovalni del magistrske naloge je bila uporabljena kvantitativna metodologija raziskovanja. Uporabili smo tehniko anketiranja s pomočjo validiranega vprašalnika. Cilj je bil anketirati 200 ljudi, starejših od 60 let, ki so bili obravnavani v referenčnih ambulantah v Savinjski regiji. Rezultati: Razdelili smo 200 anket, 196 anketiranih je anketo popolnoma izpolnilo. Delež anketirank je bil 54,6 %, anketirancev je bilo 45,4 %. Anketirani, sodelujoči v raziskavi, so zadovoljni z odnosom in znanjem diplomiranih medicinskih sester, saj je bilo povprečje na lestvici od 1 do 5 blizu 5. Prav tako se anketirani strinjajo, da zaradi RADM posvečajo več pozornosti skrbi za zdravje in da manj obiskujejo zdravnika. Delež obiska referenčne ambulante pa je pri starejših anketirankah enak kot pri anketirancih, in sicer jih večina obišče ambulanto enkrat letno. Diskusija in zaključek: Referenčne ambulante so med starejšimi pacienti v Savinjski regiji upravičile pričakovanja. Starejši pacienti so zadovoljni s takšnim načinom dela, kar je razvidno iz dobljenih empiričnih podatkov izvedene raziskave. Introduction: The number of elderly people has been increasing over the years and it looks that it will continue to rise. Consequently, the number of visits to reference clinics is increasing. Reference clinics are intended for preventive treatment, early discovery of chronically non-contagious diseases and better control over them, mainly with the older population that often has related problems. The purpose of the research is to find out how satisfied the older population is with the introduction of reference clinics and the work of graduate nurses in the Savinja region. Research methodology: For the research part of this thesis quantitative research methodology was used. We used the survey technique with the help of a validated questionnaire. The goal was to survey 200 people over the age of 60 that have been treated in reference clinics. Results: 196 people were ready to take part in the research, 54.6% of which were women and 45.4% men. The respondents were satisfied with the attitude and knowledge of graduate nurses on the scale from 1 to 5 the average response was close to 5. They also agree they pay more attention to their own health because of reference clinic and less frequently see their doctor. The proportion of referral clinics visits is the same among elderly women and elderly men most of them visit the clinic once a year. Discussion and conclusion: Reference clinics have justified the Savinja region patients’ expectations. The elderly are satisfied with this type of work, which is evident from the research.

V diplomskem delu z naslovom Vloga družine za zdravo prehranjevanje predšolskega otroka smo v teoretičnem delu predstavili zdravo prehrano predšolskega otroka. Zajeli smo zdrave in nezdrave prehranjevalne navade predšolskih otrok ter se osredotočili na vlogo družine pri zdravem prehranjevanju predšolskega otroka. Vključili smo tudi vlogo vrtca, saj ocenjujemo, da družina in vrtec korakata z roko v roki pri navajanju predšolskih otrok na zdravo prehranjevanje. Ob koncu smo zajeli še težave, ki se najpogosteje pojavljajo pri prehranjevanju predšolskega otroka. V empiričnem delu smo predstavili rezultate izvedene raziskave, katere namen je bil ugotoviti, kakšne so prehranjevalne navade družin s predšolskimi otroki, kako družina vpliva na zdravo prehranjevanje in prehranjevalne navade predšolskega otroka ter kakšna je vloga vrtca pri tem. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 200 staršev predšolskih otrok iz različnih vrtcev v Prekmurju. Na podlagi pridobljenih rezultatov smo ugotovili, da imajo družine s predšolskimi otroki zdrave prehranjevalne navade, družina in vrtec pa v veliki meri pozitivno vplivata na prehranjevanje predšolskega otroka. Pozitivne ugotovitve so, da starši poskrbijo za vsakodnevno zaužit zajtrk predšolskega otroka, družine dnevno zaužijejo tri do pet obrokov. Starši predšolske otroke vključujejo v pripravo obrokov in pogrinjkov, veliko družin s predšolskimi otroki obroke pripravlja doma, več kot polovica staršev pa otroke omejuje pri uživanju prevelikih količin sladkorja in maščob. Rezultati kažejo tudi, da otroci skoraj ne pijejo gaziranih pijač. Več kot polovica družin s predšolskim otrokom hrano prideluje doma, če hrano kupijo pa preverjajo poreklo in sestavine izdelka. Starši prehrano v vrtcu ocenjujejo kot povsem primerno za predšolskega otroka. Nekaj negativnih rezultatov kaže, da predšolski otroci izmed vseh obrokov največkrat izpuščajo dopoldansko malico in da večina staršev predšolske otroke nagrajuje s sladkarijami ter sladoledom. Včasih se družine s predšolskim otrokom prehranjujejo s hitro pripravljenimi obroki, občasno pa obiskujejo restavracije s hitro pripravljeno hrano. Starši predšolskih otrok navajajo alergije na določeno hrano, pogoste prebavne motnje in prekomerno telesno težo kot najpogostejše težave s prehranjevanjem. In the diploma work entitled The role of a family in healthy eating habits by preschool children, we presented in the theoretical part the healthy diet of a preschool child. We embraced the healthy and unhealthy eating habits of preschool children and focused on the role of the family for the healthy eating of preschool children. We also included the role of the kindergarten for healthy eating habits of preschool children, as we estimate the family and kindergarten are marching hand in hand in developing healthy eating habits for preschool children. At the end, we also encountered the problems that most often occur in eating habits by preschool children. In the empirical part, we presented the results of a research carried out to determine the eating habits of families with preschool children, how the family influences healthy eating habits and the eating habits of a preschool child, and what role the kindergarten plays in this. The study included 200 parents of preschool children from different kindergartens in Prekmurje. On the basis of the gained results, we have found out that families with preschool children have healthy eating habits, and that the family and kindergarten have a positive effect on the preschool child eating habits. Positive findings are that parents provide daily breakfast for a preschool child and that the family consumes three to five meals a day. Parents of preschool children include their children in the preparation of meals, many families with preschool children prepare meals at home, more than half of parents always limit their children by using excessive amounts of sugar and fat, and the results also show that children almost do not drink carbonated drinks. More than half of the families with preschool children grow food at home, and if they buy food, they check the origin and ingredients of the product. Parents assess nutrition in kindergarten as suitable for a preschool child. Some negative results show that preschool children are most likely to miss the morning snack most of the parents of preschool children reward their children with sweets and ice cream. Sometimes, families with a preschool child eat fast-food meals and occasionally they visit fast-food restaurants. Parents of preschool children refer to some food allergies, frequent gastrointestinal disorders and overweight as the most common nutritional problems.

V diplomskem delu z naslovom Otrokovi odzivi v konfliktnih situacijah glede na spol in starost smo v prvi vrsti opredelili, kakšen pomen za otroka nosi socialni razvoj, ob tem pa opisali tudi medsebojne odnose. Osredinili smo se na pojem konflikt in vključili definicije različnih avtorjev. V nadaljevanju smo našteli vrste konfliktov in jih na kratko opisali, za tem pa opisali vzroke konfliktov ter preko opredelitev posameznih avtorjev potrdili tudi lastno mnenje, da se vzroki za nastanek konfliktov od posameznika do posameznika razlikujejo. Sledila je opredelitev odzivov na konflikte, kjer smo se osredinili na to, kako se posamezniki odzivajo na konflikte, kako so odzivi na konflikte povezani z družino, na kakšen način se na konflikte odzivajo deklice in dečki ter poiskali opredelitve, kakšna je razlika v odzivanju na konflikte glede na starost. K temu smo v nadaljevanju dodali še načine reševanja konfliktov, ki smo jih povzeli po različni literaturi. Na koncu teoretičnega dela pa smo vključili tudi komunikacijo in jo opredelili z definicijami različnih avtorjev. V empiričnem delu smo z metodo anketiranja pridobili podatke, ki smo jih predstavili v obliki grafov in opisa. Z analizo podatkov smo ugotovili, da konflikt med otroki najpogosteje nastane zaradi igrač, da med dečki konflikt nastane pogosteje kot pa med deklicami, da se deklice na konflikte najpogosteje odzivajo z jokom, dečki pa z agresijo in da so pri dečkih glavni povod za nastanek konflikta igrače, pri deklicah pa pomoč vzgojiteljici. V zaključku diplomskega dela smo ovrednotili hipoteze in predstavili ugotovitve, do katerih smo prišli med prebiranjem literature in z analizo rezultatov ankete. In the following thesis, titled Children's Responses to Conflict Based on Gender and Age, we first specified how important a child’s social development is, including their interpersonal relationships. Then we focused on the concept of conflict, including definitions of various authors. Furthermore, we stated and described the types of conflict as well as the causes for it. Through the definitions of various authors, our own opinion was confirmed i.e. the causes of conflict differ from individual to individual. Then followed the definition of the responses to conflict, where we focused on how individuals respond to conflict, how the responses to conflict are connected to the family background, and in what ways girls and boys respectively respond to conflict. We searched for the differences in responses based on age as well. Furthermore, we included the methods of conflict resolution, and found various ways of resolving conflicts through researching written resources. We also wrote about communication and its various definitions in the final chapter of the theoretical part. In the empirical part of the thesis, we used the interview method to obtain data, which was then presented in the form of tables, charts, and descriptions. According to the data acquired, we established the following: conflict among children most frequently occurs because of toys conflict is more frequent among boys rather than girls boys most frequently respond to conflict by crying, which is also true for girls, and the main cause of conflict in boys are toys, whereas the main cause of conflict in girls is the help of preschool teachers. In the conclusion, we evaluated the hypotheses and presented the findings acquired during my analysis of written resources as well as my analysis of interviews.

Naloga se deli na teoretični in empirični del. V teoretičnem delu so predstavljeni trije večji sklopi, ki se nanašajo na otrokov razvoj: socialni razvoj otroka v prvem vzgojno-izobraževalnem obdobju, čustveni razvoj otroka v prvem vzgojno-izobraževalnem obdobju, gibalni razvoj otroka v prvem vzgojno-izobraževalnem obdobju. V nadaljevanju so opisani pomen družine in športne aktivnosti otroka ter vloga družbenih dejavnikov na vključevanje otroka prvega vzgojno-izobraževalnega obdobja v športne aktivnosti. V empiričnem delu naloge so predstavljeni rezultati intervjujev, opravljenih v kopališču Pristan. Intervjuvali smo deset vaditeljev plavanja treh plavalnih šol. Preučili smo odnos med otroki plavalci v prvem vzgojno-izobraževalnem obdobju do gibalne aktivnosti, do vrstnikov in družbe. Analizirali smo odgovore vaditeljev plavanja, učiteljev učencev, ki plavajo v prvem vzgojno-izobraževalnem obdobju. V empiričnem delu so tako predstavljeni odgovori z grafikoni in razlage, ki prikazujejo, da je sociološki vidik otrok v prvem vzgojno-izobraževalnem obdobju pomemben pri plavanju. Rezultati so pokazali pozitiven vpliv na socialni vidik razvoja otrok. Opažamo tudi širši vpliv na celostni razvoj otroka vpliv družine, vaditeljev plavanja, vrstnikov in družbe. This master`s thesis consists of the theoretical and the empirical part. The theoretical part of the thesis is divided into three main parts, that refer to child development: social development of a child in the early childhood education, emotional development of a child in the early childhood education and the movement-based development in the early childhood education. Additionally, we explain the significance of the family, sports activities, and social factors, and how they impact the child integration in the early childhood education. In the empirical part, we presented the results of the interviews that were performed at the Swimming pool Pristan. We studied the attitude of the children, who learn to swim in their early childhood education, towards their physical activity, their peers, and the society. Furthermore, we interviewed ten swimming instructors from three different swimming schools, that teach children how to swim in their early childhood education. Moreover, we analyzed the responses, that were given to us by instructors. In the empirical part of this thesis, we represent the answers with the diagrams and explanations. The results of the research have shown the positive impact of swimming on the social benefits of the children in the early childhood education. In addition, we have noticed the positive influence of the family, swimming instructors, the peers, and the society on the overall child development.

V diplomskem delu smo obravnavali nasilje pri predšolskih otrocih ter dejavnike, ki vplivajo nanj. Diplomska naloga je sestavljena iz teoretičnega in empiričnega dela. O nasilju dandanes govori vse več ljudi. Najverjetneje ravno zato, ker je danes v naših življenjih prisotnega več nasilja kot nekoč. Zavedati se moramo, da se že najmlajši otroci srečujejo z različnimi vrstami nasilja, kar lahko močno vpliva na njihov nadaljnji razvoj in življenje. Pomembno pa je tudi, da se nasilja zavedamo ter ga poskušamo čim bolj preprečevati. V teoretičnem delu diplomske naloge smo želeli raziskati, kaj je nasilje ter katere vrste nasilja poznamo. Vsako izmed vrst nasilja smo na kratko predstavili. Ker se po našem mnenju največ nasilja v predšolskem obdobju dogaja ravno v otrokovi družini, smo raziskali tudi to poglavje, in sicer z vidika prepoznavanja otroka, ki je žrtev nasilja v družini, predstavili pa smo tudi načine, kako tem otrokom pomagati. Raziskali smo, kateri dejavniki vplivajo na nasilno vedenje oziroma so lahko povod za takšno vedenje, npr. mediji, vrstniki ipd. V empiričnem delu smo poskušali ugotoviti, kako nasilje ocenjujejo starši predšolskih otrok. Raziskava je temeljila na tem, kako starši ocenjujejo nasilje oziroma kaj po njihovem mnenju nasilje sploh je. Povprašali smo jih tudi o tem, ali svojim otrokom dopuščajo gledanje nasilnih vsebin ter ali se z njimi pogovarjajo o nasilju. Želeli smo ugotoviti, kakšna je povezava med (ne)nasilnim vedenjem predšolskih otrok in izobrazbo njihovih staršev ter ali obstajajo razlike v vedenju predšolskih otrok glede na izobrazbo njihovih staršev. Raziskali smo tudi, kaj po mnenju staršev najbolj vpliva na nasilno vedenje otrok: mediji, vrstniki ali družina. Menimo, da je mnenje staršev glede nasilja in njegovega preprečevanja izredno pomembno, saj so predšolski otroci večinoma odvisni od njih ter njihovih ravnanj in mnenj. In the present thesis we focus on violence among preschool children and factors which contribute to such behaviour. The thesis consists of a theoretical and empirical part. Nowadays more and more people talk about violence. A possible reason for that could be the presence of violence in our lives, which seems to have increased compared to the past. We have to acknowledge that even the youngest children encounter various kinds of violence, which may have a strong impact on their further development and life in general. Therefore, it is very important to be aware of violence and to try to prevent it by all means. The theoretical part of the thesis concentrates on defining violence and on the research into various types of violence, of which each type is shortly presented. Since the majority of cases of violent behaviour in preschool period presumably takes place within children’s families, this problem has been given special attention. It includes recognising the child who has been victim of abuse, but also different approaches to helping these children. The research also tries to determine factors which trigger or importantly contribute to violent behaviour, such as the media, peers, etc. The empirical part concentrates on the attitude of parents of preschool children towards violence. The research is based on their views and their explanation of what can be seen as violent behaviour. They were asked about whether their children are allowed to watch violent programmes and whether the parents talk to them about violence. Another aim was to find out if there might be a connection between (non)violent behaviour among preschool children and the education of their parents, and whether or not there are differences in children’s behaviour according to the level of education of their parents. The research also includes the opinion of the parents about what they think is the major cause of violent behaviour of the children: the media, peers, or the family. We firmly believe that the attitude of parents towards violence and the prevention of it is of great importance since preschool children are strongly dependent on them, their opinion and their behaviour.

V magistrski nalogi smo proučili nekatere vidike družine in delinkvence v delih pedagoginje Majde Pšunder. Izhajali smo iz njene biografije, saj se je avtorica na svoji bogati akademski poti ukvarjala tudi s področjem družine in odklonskosti mladih. Za potrebe naloge smo izbrana dela, ki se tako ali drugače navezujejo na omenjeno tematiko, kronološko razvrstili in predstavili njihove pomembne vsebinske značilnosti, teoretična izhodišča in rezultate raziskav. Družina je primarna družbena skupina, ki z vzorom, postavljanjem mej, doslednostjo, komunikacijo in učenjem samostojnosti in svobode, otroka usmerja na pot življenja. Z odraščanjem in vključevanjem v vzgojno-izobraževalne institucije otroku ni več družina edini identifikacijski vzorec. Pojavijo se tudi drugi dejavniki, ki lahko vplivajo na otrokovo dojemanje sveta in odklonsko vedenje, ki se najpogosteje kaže v šoli. Šola je vzgojno-izobraževalna ustanova z izdelanim vzgojnim načrtom, ki v primeru otrokovega odklonskega vedenja poseže po alternativnih vzgojnih ukrepih in kasneje tudi po pravnih vzgojnih ukrepih. Za uspešen razvoj mladostnika in adolescenta je pomembno sodelovanje staršev in učiteljev. Za potrebe magistrskega dela smo z avtorico opravili osebni individualni vodeni intervju, ker so nas zanimali njeni motivi za akademsko pot, za raziskovanje tega področja, njeni cilji in zadovoljstvo. Izvedli pa smo še intervjuje s sedmimi sodelavci prof. dr. Majde Pšunder. Master thesis studies and researches various aspects of family and delinquency in works written by teacher and educator Ms Majda Pšunder. Research originates in her biography as the author has dealt in depth with the aspect of family and youth delinquency in her abundant academic career. For the purposes of this master thesis her chosen works have been chronologically reordered and later on presented through their important content characteristics, theoretical basis and research results. Family is a primary unit which by setting examples and boundaries, consistency, communication and teaching about independence and freedom leads and directs a child through life. With growing up and being integrated in educational institutions family no longer presents a primary identification pattern to a child. Other factors interfere and effect child's perspective of the world and delinquent behaviour which is most frequently seen at school. School is an educational institution with a ready-made educational plan and in case of a child's delinquent behaviour it acts according to the alternative disciplinary measures and later on proper disciplinary measures. Consistent cooperation between parents and teachers is most important for a successful child's and teenager's development. For the purposes of this master thesis personal individual interview with the author herself has been carried out as we were interested in motifs for her academic path as well as her interests in this specific field, personal goals and contentment. Interviews with seven other associates of professor Majda Pšunder PhD have been carried out.

V magistrski nalogi smo želeli prikazati primerjavo praznovanja v slovenski in španski družini. V začetnem delu je obravnavana družina na splošno, nato pa tudi značilnosti slovenskih in španskih družin. Poglobili smo se v področje praznikov, razjasnili pojme navade, običaji, šege, rituali ... nato pa obravnavane praznike razdelili v skupine državnih, verskih, osebnih in tradicionalnih praznikov. Izbrali smo petnajst praznikov in podrobneje analizirali njihov izvor ter običaje slovenskih in španskih družin ob praznovanju. S primerjavo družinskih običajev, ob dnevu državnosti, prazniku dela, dnevu spomina na mrtve, novem letu, Miklavžu, božiču, martinovem, veliki noči, rojstnem dnevu, godu, poroki, valeti in maturi, valentinovem in trgatvi, smo se ukvarjali tudi v empiričnem delu. V ta namen smo opravili intervjuje s člani družin v Španiji, v mestu Cádiz, in v Sloveniji, v mestu Maribor. Pridobljene empirične podatke smo primerjali med seboj in oblikovali sklepne misli ter ugotovitve. This master thesis presents the comparison of celebrations in Slovenian and Spanish families. The first part discusses family in general and the characteristics of Slovenian and Spanish families. We went into details with holidays clarifying the concepts of habits, traditions, customs, rituals ... Then we divided those holidays into groups of national, religious, personal and traditional holidays. We selected fifteen holidays and made a detailed analysis of their origin and the customs Slovenian and Spanish families have when celebrating them. We discussed the comparison of family traditions, National day, Labour Day, Remembrance Day of the Dead, New Year, St. Nicholas, Christmas, St. Martin's Day, Easter, birthday, name day, wedding, valedictory ball and high school graduation, Valentine's Day and vintage, in the empirical part. Ad hoc we made interviews with family members in Spain, in the city of Cadiz, and in Slovenia, in the city of Maribor. Empirical data that were obtained were compared among themselves and formed the final thoughts and observations.

Diplomsko delo obravnava vlogo športa v družini predšolskega otroka. V teoretičnem delu smo se ukvarjali z družino, njenim bistvom, njenimi nalogami in vlogo, ki je ključnega pomena pri oblikovanju otrokovih izkušenj, navad ter vrednot, tudi pri športnem udejstvovanju. Vsebina diplomske naloge se torej dotika tako družine kot tudi športa. Osredotočili smo se na predšolskega otroka in na družino, v kateri živi. Pobližje smo spoznali, kakšen je otrokov gibalni razvoj, kako lahko starši vplivajo na športne aktivnosti otroka, kakšen je pomen športnih dejavnosti za otrokov razvoj, kako je pomembno gibalno okolje in kakšne so lahko športne dejavnosti za predšolske otroke. Namen empiričnega dela diplomske naloge je bil preučiti vlogo športa v družini predšolskega otroka. Izveden je bil anketni vprašalnik za starše iz podeželskega in mestnega okolja, ki so ga prejeli v vrtcu svojega otroka. Pridobljene rezultate smo dopolnjevali s teoretičnimi izhodišči in jih primerjali s postavljenimi hipotezami, ki smo si jih zastavili na začetku diplomskega dela. Ugotovili smo, da se je športno udejstvovanje v družinah predšolskega otroka povečalo. The thesis deals with the role of sport in the family of the preschool child. In the theoretical part we dealed with the family, it`s essence, the tasks of the family and it`s role which is crucial for shaping the child`s experiences, habits and values even in sports activities. The content of the thesis relates to the family and the sport. We focused on the preschool child and the family which he or she belongs to. We discussed in detail the child`s motor development, the influence of parents in the child`s sports activities, the importance of sports activities for child`s development, the importance of physical environment and different sports activities for preschool children. The purpose of the empirical part was to study the role of sport in the family of the preschool child. The parents from the rural and urban environment got the questionnaires in kindergartens which their children attend. The results obtained were supplemented by theroretical starting points and compared to the hypotheses which had been set in the beginning of the thesis. We found out that sports activities in the families of preschool children have increased.

Diplomska naloga, naslovljena kot Spolna vzgoja v družini predšolskega otroka, je sestavljena iz teoretičnega in empiričnega dela. Za navedeno temo smo se odločili, ker še vedno gre za eno izmed tabu tem. Zanimalo nas je, kako se starši predšolskih otrok soočajo s spolno vzgojo oziroma ali ocenjujejo, da je le-ta v predšolskem obdobju že potrebna. Raziskali smo tudi težave, s katerimi se starši predšolskega otroka srečujejo ob poučevanju otroka o spolnosti ter navedli nekatere rešitve. Namen naloge predstavlja tudi raziskava, kako (posledično) sprejemajo spolnost predšolski otroci, v katera spolna dejanja so vpleteni, ter kako reagirajo v določenih spolnih situacijah. Ugotavljali smo tudi, kako mediji vplivajo na spolno vzgojo oziroma kakšno vlogo pri tem igrajo. Na podlagi strokovne in znanstvene (tuje) literature smo opredelili teorije in mnenja različnih avtorjev o obravnavani temi. Uporabili smo raziskovalno metodo spletne ankete, v kateri so sodelovali starši otrok, starih med 4 in 6 let. Pridobljene rezultate smo statistično obdelali z računalniškim programom Microsoft Excel. Ugotovitve raziskave so pokazale, da večina staršev predšolskih otrok dandanes ne obravnava spolnosti kot tabu temo, iz katerega razloga lahko tudi potrdimo, da so v večji meri že omenjali spolne teme v lastni družini. Ugotovili smo, da veliko staršev predšolskih otrok nima nobenih težav pri poučevanju svojih otrok o spolnosti, da se o tem preprosto med seboj pogovorijo. V določenih spolnih situacijah precej staršev reagira dokaj primerno, medtem pa se jih še vedno nekaj najde, ki ravna neprimerno. Na podlagi odzivov staršev smo ugotovili, da večina otrok ne gleda na določeno spolno situacijo kot prepovedano, ampak jo normalno sprejema, kot vsak zdrav razvijajoč se otrok. Prav tako se večina staršev strinja, da imajo mediji agresivnejši vpliv na spolno vzgojo ter da knjige pri tem predstavljajo učinkovitejšo rešitev. The diploma thesis Sex Education in the Family of a Preschool Child has a theoretical and an empirical part. We have decided for this topic because it still remains one of the taboo topics in our modern world. The main focus was on the fact how do parents of preschool children evaluate or react on the importance of sex education in the preschool period. We have also explored the issues that occur while teaching a child about sexuality and added some possible solutions. The additional purpose of the diploma thesis was also the research on how do preschool children react or accept sexuality, in which sexual acts are they directly involved, and how they react in specific sexual situation. We have found out how the media affect sex education and which part do they take in the process. Based on a professional and scientific literature, we have defined many theories and personal opinions of different authors that explore the topic. Our research method was the online survey that was given to the parents of the preschool children, aged from 4 to 6 years. The given results were statistically processed with a Microsoft Excel. The findings of our study showed that the majority of parents of preschool children do not agree with sexuality being a taboo topic. Consequently, we can confirm that they had mentioned or discussed sexual topics within their families. We discovered that the majority of parents do not have major problems when teaching the preschool children about sex and sexuality, and that they tend to talk freely about the topic. In specific situations, some parents react appropriately, while a minority might react in an inappropriate way. Based on parents’ responses, we found out that most children do not consider a specific sexual situation forbidden, but they normally accept it as healthy developing children would do. In addition, the majority of parents agree that the media have aggressive influence on the sex education and that books represent a better and more effective solution on how to teach the preschool children about the sensitive topic.

V diplomskem delu smo obravnavali medije in predvsem televizijo kot pomemben dejavnik v otrokovem razvoju. Diplomska naloga je sestavljena iz teoretičnega in empiričnega dela. Mediji so dandanes prisotni povsod. So del našega vsakdanjika in jih srečamo na vsakem koraku. Tudi predšolski otroci se z mediji srečujejo vsak dan doma, na poti v vrtec, v vrtcu itd. Otroci se srečujejo z različnimi junaki, ki jim predstavljajo jim vzor in se poistovetijo z njimi. Gledajo različne risanke, programe, oddaje, pri tem pa je zelo pomembna vloga staršev in vzgojiteljev. Starši in vzgojitelji lahko veliko pripomoremo k temu, da nadzorujemo vsebine, ki jih otroci gledajo, gledamo televizijo z njimi, se z njimi pogovarjamo, jih spodbujamo in poskušamo najti čim več pozitivnih vplivov televizije, so pa vsekakor prisotni tudi negativni vplivi. V diplomski nalogi smo želeli raziskati in ugotoviti, na katera področja vpliva televizija, zakaj otroci gledajo televizijo in kako razumejo gledane oddaje, seznaniti se z negativnimi in pozitivnimi vplivi televizije, ugotoviti, kako televizija prispeva k razvoju nasilja in agresije predšolskega otroka, ter raziskati, kako starši in vzgojitelji lahko pripomorejo k temu, da predšolski otrok televizije ne gleda prekomerno in kako mu omejiti gledanje televizije. V empiričnem delu smo poskušali ugotoviti, kako televizija vpliva na razvoj predšolskega otroka. Zastavili smo si šest hipotez, in sicer: predšolski otroci anketiranih staršev v povprečju gledajo televizijo največ 2 uri na dan, predšolski otroci anketiranih staršev si pogosto zaželijo igrače in druge stvari iz oglasov, ki jih zasledijo po televiziji, anketirani starši svojim predšolskim otrokom postavijo omejitve in pravila o gledanih televizijskih oddajah, predšolski otrok posnema junake, ki jih vidi po televiziji, pretirano gledanje televizije ima negativen vpliv na zdravje predšolskih otrok in predšolski otroci anketiranih staršev po televiziji največkrat gledajo risanke. Nowadays, media are everywhere. They are a part of our everyday life. Preschool children get in contact with media every day at home, on the way to the kindergarten, in the kindergarten etc. Children meet various characters that are their role models and identify with them. They watch various cartoons, programs, TV shows and therefore the role of parents and preschool teachers is very important. Parents and preschool teachers can aid with controlling the contents that children watch we can watch TV with them, talk to them, encourage them and try to find as many positive effects of TV as possible however, some of the effects are also negative. In the diploma thesis, we wanted to research and determine which areas TV affects, why children watch TV and how they understand the content we wanted to research the negative and positive effects of TV, find out how the TV influences violence and aggression development in preschool children and how can parents and preschool teachers prevent excessive TV watching and how to limit it. In the empirical part, we tried to find out how TV affects development of preschool children, so we proposed the following six hypotheses: preschool children of interviewed parents watch TV maximum of two hours a day on average preschool children of interviewed parents often want toys and other things from commercials they see on TV the interviewed parents give limitations and rules regarding the TV shows to their preschool children a preschool child imitates the characters seen on TV the excessive TV watching has a negative effect on the health of preschool children the preschool children of interviewed parents most often watch cartoons.

Teoretična izhodišča: V magistrskem delu smo se osredotočili na pomen čustvene inteligence pri vodenju negovalnega kadra v domovih za starejše. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti zadovoljstvo na delovnem mestu med člani timov proučevanega doma za starejše, njihove medsebojne odnose ter organizacijsko klimo. Raziskovalna metodologija: V teoretičnem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo in analitično – sintetično metodo. V empiričnem delu smo uporabili kvantitativno metodo raziskovanja, pri kateri smo kot instrument uporabili anketo. Raziskovalni vzorec je zajemal 4 vodje enot, 8 vodij timov in 120 članov delovnih timov, zaposlenih v proučevanem domu za starejše. V sklepnem delu smo uporabili primerjalno metodo med različnimi dognanji avtorjev in lastnimi spoznanji iz poslovne prakse ter nazadnje še potrdili ali ovrgli naše hipoteze na osnovi dobljenih empiričnih podatkov. Uporabljena je bila tudi metoda kompilacije. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da je čustvena inteligenca vodij enot višja od čustvene inteligence vodij timov, prav tako pa lahko trdimo, da višina čustvene inteligence vodij vpliva na organizacijsko klimo in zadovoljstvo podrejenih. Diskusija in zaključek: Višina čustvene inteligence vodstvenega kadra ima velik vpliv na organizacijsko klimo v organizaciji, organizacije s pozitivno organizacijsko klimo pa so praviloma uspešnejše. Prav posebnega pomena sta pozitivna organizacijska klima in zadovoljstvo zaposlenih v domovih za starejše, kjer je počutje varovancev v veliki meri odvisno od zadovoljstva zaposlenih, predvsem od zadovoljstva kadra, s katerim imajo direktne stike. Zato menimo, da bi morala biti pozitivna organizacijska klima cilj vsakega doma za starejše. Theoretical background: In this master's thesis, we focused on the importance of emotional intelligence in the management of nursing staff in retirement homes. The purpose of the research was to determine the satisfaction at the workplace among the team members at the surveyed retirement home, their mutual relations and the organizational climate. Research methodology: In the theoretical part, the descriptive method and the analytical - synthetic method were used. In the empirical part we used a quantitative research method in which a survey was used as an instrument. The research sample consisted of four heads of units, eight team leaders, and 120 team members working at the surveyed retirement home. In the conclusion, we used the comparative method between the various findings of different authors and our own findings from the commercial practice, and finally confirmed or reversed our hypotheses based on the obtained empirical data. The compilation method was also used. Results: We have concluded that the emotional intelligence of the heads of units is higher than the emotional intelligence of team leaders, and it can also be said that the level of the emotional intelligence of leaders influences the organizational climate and the satisfaction of the subordinates. Discussion and conclusion: The level of the emotional intelligence of the managerial staff has a major impact on the organizational climate in the organization, as well as organizations with a positive organizational climate are usually more successful. The positive organizational climate and the satisfaction of the employees in retirement homes are of particular importance, where the wellbeing of the people in care depends to a large extent on the satisfaction of the employees, especially on the satisfaction of the staff with whom they have direct contacts. Therefore, we believe that a positive organizational climate should be the goal of every retirement home.

V magistrskem delu z naslovom Vpliv družine na razvoj serijskega morilca sta v teoretičnem delu opredeljena pojma družina in serijski morilec ter pojasnjene vrste družin in tipi serijskih morilcev. Družina je obravnavana kot glavni dejavnik pri razvoju serijskega morilca. V empiričnem delu so skozi študije primerov podrobneje opisani otroštva posameznih znanih morilcev (večinoma iz ZDA) in njihovi načini odraščanja v družini, predvsem v predadolescenčnem obdobju. Rezultati analize dokazujejo, da so vsi obravnavani serijski morilci odraščali v nezdravem okolju, s socializacijo, ki ni v skladu z normami zahodnoevropske družbe. Študija dokazuje, da za noben primer serijskega morilca ne moremo trditi, da je bil rojen kot serijski morilec. So pa v veliko primerih ti posamezniki rojeni z določenimi predispozicijami za razvoj antisocialnih značilnosti. Glavno vlogo pri sprožitvi teh predispozicij in pri ustvarjanju serijskega morilca pa ima vsekakor socializacija oziroma družina in družinski odnosi v času socializacije. In this thesis, entitled The Influence of Family on the Development of a Serial Killer, the theoretical part defines the concepts of family and a serial killer, and explains the types of families and types of serial killers. The family is considered as a key factor in the development of a serial killer. In the empirical part, case studies describe in detail childhood of individual known serial killers (mostly from the US) and their ways of growing up in the family, especially in the period before adolescence. Results of the analysis show that all discussed serial killers grew up in an unhealthy environment, witnessing socialization, which is not in accordance with the norms of the Western society. The study proves that it cannot be said for anybody that the individual was already born a serial killer. But in many cases, these individuals are born with a certain predisposition for antisocial characteristics. The main role in triggering these predispositions and in creating a serial killer, is certainly played by socialization, family and family relations during socialization.

Trend podaljšanega bivanja s starši velja v Evropi za vedno bolj prisoten fenomen. Ključno vprašanje pri tem je, kateri razlogi so pomembno vplivali na prisotnost tega stanja. Magistrsko delo sestavljata teoretični in empirični del. V teoretičnem delu je podrobneje opredeljen termin mladih odraslih in njihov prehod iz mladosti v odraslost. V nadaljevanju sta bila v središče postavljena pomen družine v življenju mlade odrasle osebe in podaljšano bivanje mladih odraslih v domu staršev. V tem sklopu je bilo preučeno, kako se medsebojna odvisnost, podpora in nadzor s strani staršev izražajo v življenju mlade odrasle osebe ter kako se z emocionalno osamosvojitvijo spoprijemajo starši in mladi odrasli. Posebna pozornost je bila namenjena razlagi vpliva naraščajoče negotovosti na mlade odrasle, ki so na prehodu v odraslo dobo. Poudarjen je bil vidik podaljševanja izobraževanja, nezaposlenosti in začasnih zaposlitev ter partnerskih zvez mladih odraslih. Empirični del predstavlja raziskava, katere rezultati in njihova analiza temeljijo na ugotavljanju nekaterih razlogov za (ne)osamosvojitev mladih odraslih od primarne družine. Vzorec zajema slovenske mlade odrasle, stare 19–35 let. Podatki, zbrani z anketnim vprašalnikom, so bili obdelani s pomočjo programa SPSS. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da največ anketiranih mladih odraslih živi v nepremičnini staršev, v skupnem gospodinjstvu in da jih najmanj živi v lastni nepremičnini. Anketirani, ki živijo v skupnem gospodinjstvu s starši, ocenjujejo bivanje doma za finančno ugodno. Odgovorili so, da je njihov mesečni dohodek od dela nizek in da posledično bivajo v domovanju staršev zato, ker si lastne nepremičnine finančno ne morejo zagotoviti. Rezultati so potrdili, da nestalne zaposlitve in partnerske zveze, nižji mesečni dohodki od dela in ostali dohodki, vplivajo na podaljšano življenje mladih odraslih s starši. Mlade odrasle na eni stani bremeni družbena negotovost, medtem ko gre na drugi strani za delno izbran življenjski slog, povezan s številnimi ugodnostmi bivanja doma. The trend of a long term staying at the parent's place is in Europe a more and more present phenomenon. The crucial question there is which reasons have had an important influence on that present situation. The master’s thesis consists of a theoretic and empiric part. In the theoretic part the term of young adults and their transition from youth to adulthood is identified. Further the meaning of family in the life of a young adult person and the long term of staying of the young at their parent’s place was focused on. According to this there was considered how coherence, support and control by the parents has an effect to the life of a young adult person and how the parents deal with emotional gained independence. A special focus was put on the explanation of the effect of a rising uncertainty to young adults who are in the phase of transition to adulthood. Also the point of view of a longer time for education, unemployment and temporary employments and relationships at young adults were highlighted. The empiric part represents a research which results and its analyses are based on the finding of some reasons for the (lack of) independence of young adults from the primary family. The pattern includes Slovenian young adults at the age from 19-35. The data collected by a questionnaire were processed with the help of the programme SPSS. It was found out that most of the interviewed young adults live in their parent’s property in a shared household and only a few live on their own in their property. The interviewees who live in a shared household with their parents evaluate living at home as financially lucrative. They answered that their monthly income from work is low and consequently they live at their parent’s place because they cannot afford their own property due to the financial situation. The results confirmed that a temporary employment and relationships, a low monthly income of work and other incomes have an effect to a long term staying of young adults with their parents. The young adults have to carry the burden of a social uncertainty and on the other side a partly chosen life style linked to numerous privileges of living at home.

Romi so etična skupina ljudi, o katerih nas večina ne ve prav veliko. Prepoznamo jih po nekoliko drugačni barvi polti, po navadi so oblečeni v izrazito barvita oblačila, naseljeni so v preprostih domovih z večjim številom članov v družini. Govorijo svoj, nekoliko drugačen jezik, čeprav živijo na enakem področju Slovenije kot mi. V diplomskem delu Romska družina s predšolskim otrokom in vrtec v Prekmurju in Beli krajini smo želeli ugotoviti, ali obstaja razlika med vključevanjem predšolskih romskih otrok v vrtec in njihovim načinom življenja v Prekmurju in Beli krajini. V začetku teoretičnega dela smo podrobneje predstavili začetke in zgodovino Romov. Nadaljevali smo z načinom življenja Romov in romske družine s predšolskim otrokom, predstavili smo njihove značilnosti kot tudi posebnosti v kulturi in običajih. Ob koncu teoretičnega dela smo se osredotočili tudi na vzgojo predšolskih romskih otrok. Omenili smo tudi to, kako poteka vključevanje le-teh v vzgojno-izobraževalne institucije, kakšne ovire se ob tem pojavljajo ter navsezadnje nekaj o inkluziji in integraciji romskih otrok tako v vrtec kot tudi šolo. V empiričnem delu smo predstavili pridobljene podatke, ki smo jih pridobili s pomočjo intervjuja vzgojiteljic, pomočnic vzgojiteljic in romskih pomočnic treh različnih vrtcev, tako v Prekmurju kot tudi v Beli krajini, ter anketni vprašalnik, ki je bil izveden na populaciji tridesetih romskih staršev v Prekmurju in na populaciji tridesetih romskih staršev predšolskih otrok v Beli krajini. Raziskava je temeljila na tem, ali obstaja razlika v vključenosti predšolskih romskih otrok v vrtec glede na kraj Prekmurje in Bela krajina. Za konec smo želeli dobiti vpogled tudi v način življenja Romov in ugotoviti, ali se le-ta razlikuje med Prekmurjem in Belo krajino. The Roma are an ethical group of people that most of us do not know much about. They are recognizable for its slightly darker skin colour, usually dressed in extremely colourful clothes, living in simple homes with a larger number of family members. They speak their own, somewhat different language, in spite of the fact they live in the same area of Slovenia as we. The final paper The Romani Family with a Pre-School Child and Kindergarten in Prekmurje and Bela Krajina Region, aims to determine whether there is a difference between the inclusion of pre-school Roma children in kindergarten and their way of life in Prekmurje and Bela krajina region. The first part of the theoretical work presents, in more detail, the beginnings and the history of the Roma people. The second part describes the way of life of the Roma people and the life of the Romani family with a pre-school child. The paper describes their characteristics, as well as special features of their culture and customs. At the end of the theoretical part, the focus is on raising a pre-school Roma child, their inclusion of in the public educational institutions, the obstacles they are encountering and finally something about inclusion and integration of the Roma children in both the kindergartens and schools. The empirical part presents the acquired data, obtained through interviewing kindergarten teachers, assistant teachers and assistant teachers of Romani origin working in three different kindergartens, both in the Prekmurjeregion, as well as in Bela krajina. In addition, the survey questionnaire, which was filled by thirty Roma parents in Prekmurje and thirty Roma parents of pre-school children in the Bela krajina region. The researchwas based on whether there is a difference in the inclusion of pre-school Roma children in the kindergarten, depending on the place of their residence (Prekmurje or Bela krajina). The last part of the paper offers an insight into the way of life of the Roma people, to determine possible differences between Prekmurje and Bela krajina region.

Dejstvo moderne družbe je, da družina v svoji tradicionalni obliki izgublja svoje norme, kar pa s seboj prinaša številne posledice in seveda tudi izzive. Prvi izziv je sprejeti odločitev za ločitev. Ločitev pomeni razkroj partnerskega odnosa, v katerem pa ne trpita le bivša zakonca, ampak tudi njuni otroci. Sposobnost ohranjanja in razvijanja kakovostnega odnosa je temeljna naloga starševstva po ločitvi. Tema ločitve je tema, o kateri je težko govoriti. Tudi vzgojitelji v vrtcu se je velikokrat rajši izogibajo, otrok ločenih staršev pa je v današnjem svetu čedalje več. Diplomsko delo je sestavljeno iz teoretičnega in empiričnega dela. V teoretičnem delu je opredeljen pojem ločitev oz. razveza zakonske zveze, opisani so dejavniki, ki pripeljejo do ločitve, in potek ločitve. Predstavljeno je otrokovo doživljanje dogodka, kaj vse vpliva na njegovo razumevanje in sprejemanje ločitve, kako se odziva in počuti ter kako mu pomagati. Predstavljeno je tudi življenje po ločitvi staršev, tipi družin, ki nastanejo po ločitvi, problem skrbništva in preživnine ter odnosi med člani družine po ločitvi. V okviru empiričnega dela so predstavljena opažanja vzgojiteljic pri posameznih otrocih in ločenih družinah. Zanimalo nas je predvsem, kako vzgojijitelji opažajo spremembe pri otroku, čigar starša sta se razšla, komu od staršev je dodeljenih največ otrok po razvezi in kako potekajo stiki z odsotnim staršem. Prav tako nas je zanimala tudi vzgojiteljeva vloga in kompetentnost pri pomoči otroku ob stiski, ki jo doživlja pri ločitvi. Rezultate smo obdelali s programom SPSS in jih tabelarično prikazali in interpretirali. A fact of modern life is that the family in its traditional form is losing its norms, which brings with it numerous consequences and of course, challenges as well. The first challenge is to accept the decision to divorce. A divorce means the decomposition of the partner relationship, in which not only do the former spouses suffer, but their children do as well. The capacity for the maintenance and development of a quality relationship is a crucial component of parenting after a divorce. The topic of divorce is a difficult one about which it can be hard to speak. Kindergarten teachers would rather avoid this topic most of the time. The number of children with divorced parents meanwhile, continues to increase in today's world. The thesis is composed of a theoretical and an empirical component. In the theoretical part, divorce or the unravelling of the marriage is defined, while the causes, which lead to divorce and the divorce process are described. Presented is the child's view of the event, the factors that contribute to their understanding and acceptance of divorce, how they react and feel, as well as how to help the child. Presented is life after a parental divorce, the types of families that form after a divorce, the problem of guardianship and child support and relations between the family members after divorce. Within the empirical part, the observations of teachers with certain children and their divorced families are also presented. We were particularly interested in how teachers observe the changes in children whose parents have split up, which one of the parents gets the most children after a divorce and how communication with the absentee parent looks like. We were also interested in the role of the teacher and their competency in finding help for children after the stressful event represented by divorce, and helping them deal with it. The results were processed with the help of the SPSS program and tabularly exhibited and interpreted.

Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, ali svetovni nazor vpliva na razvoj otrokovih vrednot. Spraševali smo se predvsem, katere vrednote so staršem pomembne in kako te vrednote posredujejo svojim predšolskim otrokom. Znašli smo se namreč v času kapitalizma, ki je izrazito materialističen. Zaradi tega se starši nemalokdaj znajdejo pred odločilnim vprašanjem: »Kaj je prav in kaj ni prav?« Ali je odgovor na to vprašanje pogojen s svetovnim nazorom, pa smo se spraševali tudi mi. Najprej smo se v teoretičnem delu poglobili v samo teorijo. Katere vrednote naj bi nosili v sebi ljudje z različnimi svetovnimi nazori? Kaj jim zapoveduje vera in kako naj bi, pogojeno z vero, razvijali vrednote pri otrocih? Veliko smo razmišljali tudi o samih vrednotah in kako se vrednote pri predšolskih otrocih sploh razvijajo. Dotaknili pa smo se še načinov posredovanja vrednot. Cilj empirične raziskave je bil proučiti, katere vrednote so staršem otrok pomembne, ali je sistem vrednot pogojen s spolom, starostjo, z izobrazbo, z območjem bivanja ter s svetovnim nazorom in ali obstaja razlika v posredovanju vrednot glede na prej navedene spremenljivke. Diplomsko delo temelji na deskriptivni in kavzalno-neeksperimentalni metodi pedagoškega raziskovanja, podatke pa smo pridobili z anketnim vprašalnikom, ki je vseboval pretežno zaprti tip vprašanj. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 145 staršev iz podravske in pomurske regije. Sama analiza podatkov je pokazala, da svetovni nazor staršev predšolskih otrok vpliva na posredovanje vrednot otrokom, saj teistični starši težijo k istim vrednotam. Najpogosteje navajane vrednote so zdravje, ljubezen, družina, sreča in poštenost. Opazna razlika je bila samo pri tistih anketiranih starših, ki so islamske vere, kjer je raziskava pokazala, da so njihove najpomembnejše vrednote vernost, lepo vedenje ter moralnost. Tudi ateistične vrednote so podobne teističnim, le da so ateisti še bolj duhovni in povezani z naravo ter stremijo k temu, da bo njihov otrok skrbel za zdravje. The purpose of the diploma thesis is to determine whether the worldview affects the development of children's values. In particular we wondered what values are important to parents and how they pass these values to their pre-school children. We found ourselves in the time of capitalism, that is, in a word, highly materialistic. For this reason parents are often faced with a crucial question: "What is right and what is wrong?" We asked ourselves, whether the answer to this question is conditioned by the worldview. In the theoretical part we immersed in theory what values should people with different worldviews have. What does faith command them and how they should develop values in children in connection to faith. We were also thinking a lot about values themselves and how values develop in preschool children. We also touched upon ways of value transmission. The objective of the empirical research was to examine what values are important to children's parents and whether the importance of values is conditional on gender, age, education, region of living and worldview. And whether there is a difference in transmission of values in relation to the above-mentioned variables. The thesis is based on the descriptive and causal non-experimental method of pedagogical research, we have gathered data through a questionnaire with mainly closed questions. The study involved 145 parents of the Podravje and Pomurje regions. The data analysis has shown that the worldview of parents of preschool children affects the transmission of values to children because parents tend to the same values. These values are most frequent: health, love, family, happiness and honesty. A notable difference was only of those surveyed parents who are of the Islamic faith, where the research has shown that their most important values are religiousness, good behavior and morality. Even atheistic values are somewhat similar to theistic ones. Only the users of those are even more spiritual and connected to nature and strive for their children's concern for health.

Diplomsko delo obravnava tematiko doživljanja smrti pri predšolskem otroku. Ukvarjali smo se predvsem z miselnostjo o smrti. Tema, ki smo ji izpostavljeni skorajda dnevno, vključno z našimi najmlajšimi, je danes problem širšega družbenega okvirja, saj je odnos do umiranja, smrti in žalovanja še dandanes prikrit. Večina ljudi se poskuša misli na smrt izogniti. Če temu dodamo še strah, tesnobo in zmedenost odraslih ob teh težkih situacijah, je prezrtost predšolskih otrok še toliko večja. Predšolski otroci so za odrasle še vedno »mali ljudje«, ki smrti ne razumejo. Z diplomskim delom želimo dokazati to zmoto odraslih in predstaviti doživljanje smrti z otroške plati. Diplomsko delo združuje teoretični in empirični del. V teoretičnem delu opredeljujemo splošni pomen besed smrt, umiranje in izgubo ter religiozni pogled na smrt. Posebno pozornost smo namenili tudi procesu žalovanja in doživljanju smrti pri predšolskem otrokom, o izgubah in o pogovoru o smrti s predšolskim otrokom. V okviru empiričnega dela je prikazana raziskava o vlogi staršev pri seznanitvi predšolskega otroka s pomenom besede smrt in o doživljanju izgube otroku bližnje osebe. Ugotovili smo, da v pogovoru s predšolskim otrokom o smrti obstajajo razlike med religiozno usmerjenimi in nereligiozno usmerjenimi družinami. Potrebne informacije smo pridobili z deskriptivno metodo, anketnim vprašalnikom, ki smo ga razdelili med starše vrtca Laško. Rezultati so obdelani s programom SPSS in izraženi v absolutnih in odstotnih frekvencah ter preglednično prikazani. This diploma work discusses death experience among preschool children. We mainly focused on their mind set. We and our youngest are dealing with the »death« theme almost daily but it is becoming a worldwide problem within our society because the relation of people to dying, death and mourning is still hidden. Most people are trying to avoid the thought of death. If we add fear, anxiety and confusion when it comes to stressful situations children are easily overlooked. Preschool children are still considered as »small« people who do not understand the concept of death. With this diploma work we are trying to prove that adults are mistaken and introduce death experience from the children point of view. Diploma work consists of theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical part we explain the general meaning of words death, dying and loss as well as introduce religious point of view. We mainly focus on the process of mourning and experiencing death among pre-schoolers, the loss and conversation about death. In the empirical part we analyse the results of a research about parents’ role when it comes to informing pre-schoolers with the meaning of the word death and how pre-schoolers experience death of a beloved person. We found out that there are some differences among those children who come from religious families and those who don`t. We got all the information needed with the descriptive method, a questioner that was divided among all parents in kindergarten Laško. Results were analysed with SPSS programme and expressed with absolute and percentage frequencies as well as table displayed.

Magistrsko delo obravnava prisotnost tekmovalnosti v šolskem okolju. V teoretičnem delu smo preučili proces tekmovalnosti v povezavi z družbenimi spremembami, družinskimi dejavniki, pričakovanji politike in gospodarstva, ki se odražajo tudi v izobraževalnem procesu in vplivajo na razumevanje in vsebino strokovnega diskurza o tekmovalnem vedenju, kar odseva tudi v prepričanjih in pedagoških ravnanjih učiteljev. V empiričnem delu smo predstavili rezultate raziskave, ki smo jo izvedli na vzorcu 191 učencev in 64 učiteljev. Zanimalo nas je, koliko je po oceni učencev v razredu prisotno tekmovanje za učiteljevo naklonjenost, za ocene in medvrstniško tekmovanje. Zanimalo nas je, ali se učitelji pogosto poslužujejo tekmovalnih praks v razredu, njihova stališča do tekmovalnosti ter ali so njihove ocene skladne z zaznavo učencev. Pri tem smo preučili razlike v odgovorih glede na spol, razred in uspeh pri učencih in pri učiteljih glede na delovno dobo in predmet poučevanja. Rezultati so pokazali, da je tekmovanje med učenci najbolj prisotno na področju športa, kjer so fantje tisti, ki izražajo višjo stopnjo tekmovalnosti, dekleta pa bolj na področju umetnosti. Najvišja soglašanja s trditvami so se pokazala pri trditvah vezanih na tekmovanje za šolske ocene in dosežke, pri čemer so zlasti dekletom in učno uspešnejšim učencem pomembne dobre ocene. Učenci 6. razredov kažejo v primerjavi z 8. razredi večjo težnjo po tekmovanju za učiteljevo pozornost, kar se izraža skozi njihovo večjo aktivnost med poukom in večjo željo po dokazovanju. Ugotovili smo, da se učitelji po lastnih navedbah le redko ali občasno poslužujejo praks, ki bi prispevale k naraščajoči tekmovalnosti med učenci. Pri oceni stališč učiteljev do tekmovalnosti in posledic, ki jih prinaša, se pojavljajo mešani občutki, še vedno je zaslediti precej negativnih prepričanj, zlasti do spodbujanja medsebojne tekmovalnosti, večja naklonjenost pa je izražena do tekmovanja s samim seboj. This Master’s Thesis discusses the presence of competitiveness in the school environment. The theoretical part investigates competitiveness in relation to social change, domestic factors, and political and economic expectations, which are reflected in the educational process and impact the comprehension and content of the professional discourse about competitive behaviour. This is also reflected in the beliefs and pedagogical actions of teachers. The empirical part introduces the results of the survey, conducted on a sample of 191 students and 64 teachers. The main objective of the study was finding out to what extent competitiveness about the teacher’s affection and grades as well as peer competitiveness were present in the classroom. The study aimed to establish whether teachers used competitive practices often. In addition, it also focused on the teachers’ opinions on competitiveness, and whether their grades were in accordance with the students’ perception. The differences in the answers of students were analysed according to gender, grade, and academic achievement while the answers of teachers were analysed considering their years of service and the subject they teach. The results show that competitiveness between students is most present in sports boys show a higher level of competitiveness here, whereas girls are more competitive in arts. The biggest agreement with the statements was present in statements, which were connected to competitiveness about school grades and achievements. Girls, and academically more successful students proved to put greater importance on good grades. The students of the 6th grade showed a greater tendency towards competitiveness about the teacher’s attention in comparison to the students of the 8th grade. This was mirrored during class where the 6th graders were more active, and had a greater wish to prove themselves. The results show that teachers (according to their own statements) rarely or only occasionally use practices which would encourage competitiveness among students. After evaluating the opinions of teachers towards competitiveness and its consequences the situation is still fairly unclear. Teachers mainly have a negative opinion on competitiveness, especially encouraging peer competitiveness however, they have a more positive opinion on students’ self-competition.

Teoretična izhodišča: Otroci se sami ne morejo zaščiti pred nasiljem, ampak je to naloga in dolžnost vseh odraslih. Ključnega pomena je, kako se družba odziva na nasilje nad otroki. Zato je treba družbo in posameznike ozaveščati, o nedopustnosti nasilja pa je nujno treba izobraževati tudi otroke. Metodologija raziskovanja: V empiričnem delu diplomskega dela smo uporabili metodo kvantitativnega raziskovanja. Raziskavo smo izvedli na III. osnovni šoli Celje. Rezultati: Z raziskavo smo ugotovili, da učenci največ informacij o nasilju nad otroki dobijo v šoli ali pri obšolskih dejavnostih. Ugotovili smo, da je nad otroki najbolj izvajano fizično in psihično nasilje odraslih oseb, najpogosteje staršev. Sklep: Življenje brez nasilja je temeljna otrokova pravica. Za dosego ničelne tolerance do nasilja nad otroki bo treba v naši družbi še veliko osveščanja o nesprejemljivosti le-tega. Tudi medicinske sestre lahko v okviru zdravstvene vzgoje prispevajo k večji ozaveščenosti na tem področju, da se tako prepreči nadaljnje povzročanje, toleriranje in upravičevanje nasilja nad otroki. Theoretical background: Children alone can not protect themselves against violence this is a job and responsibility of adults. It is crucial how the society responds to violence against children, which is why it is necessary to raise awareness of society and individuals. About inadmissibility of violence it is necessary to educate also children. Research Methodology: In the empirical part of the thesis, we used the method of quantitative research. The study was made on III. Elementary School Celje. Results: In this study we found that students receive most information about violence against children in school or extracurricular activities. We found that physical and psychological violence against children mainly comes from adults, mostly parents. Conclusion: Life without violence is the fundamental right of the child. In order to achieve zero tolerance of violence against children in our society, we still need much more awareness about it. Nurses, in the context of health education, can raise awareness in this field and help to prevent further cause, tolerating and condoning violence against children.

V teoretičnem delu smo se osredotočili na definicije in različne teorije revščine. Pojasnili smo odnos in razliko med revščino in socialno izključenostjo ter predstavili podatke o revščini in socialni izključenosti v Sloveniji. V nadaljevanju smo pojasnili, kako revščina prizadeva kakovost življenja ter razvojne in izobraževalne možnosti. Posebno pozornost smo namenili vlogi šole pri zmanjševanju učinkov revščine. Tukaj smo se ukvarjali s splošnimi načeli vzgoje in izobraževanja, vrednotami v šoli ter enakostjo oz. neenakostjo v izobraževanju. Osvetlili smo tudi pomembnost krepitve socialnega kapitala v šolah in vrtcih ter pomembnost sodelovanja med šolo in domom oz. učitelji, svetovalnimi delavci in starši. Na koncu smo pokazali, kako sta povezani šola in oblikovanje samopodobe ter osvetlili pomembnost prostovoljnega dela v šolstvu. V empiričnem delu smo osvetlili socialno-ekonomski status (SES) učencev 9. razredov mariborskih osnovnih šol z vidika izobrazbe staršev ter materialnega in socialnega kapitala družine. V nadaljevanju smo se ukvarjali s prostočasnimi aktivnostmi učencev, učnim uspehom pri posameznih predmetih in reševanjem osebnih in učnih težav učencev v šoli. Zanimale so nas učenčeve poklicne aspiracije ter razlika med željami in možnostmi izbire srednje šole in opravljanja bodočega poklica. Na koncu smo ugotavljali, kakšen je vpliv staršev in učiteljev pri izbiri srednje šole učencev. Temeljni namen empirične raziskave je proučevanje povezanosti med socialno-ekonomskim statusom učencev 9. razreda na eni strani ter njihovo učno uspešnostjo in poklicno orientacijo na drugi strani. Ugotovili smo, da pri večini predmetov SES vpliva na učni uspeh. Ta razlika se pojavlja pri naravoslovnih predmetih, jezikih in zgodovini. Pri teh predmetih velja, da učenci z višjim SES dosežejo boljše ocene kot pa učenci z nižjim SES. Statistično značilna razlika obstaja tudi med poklicnimi aspiracijami in SES. Učenci z višjim SES težijo k temu, da se vpišejo na šole, ki prinašajo višjo stopnjo izobrazbe, kot učenci z nižjim SES. The theoretical part of this diploma paper deals with definitions and different theories on poverty. It also attempts to explain the relationship and difference between poverty and social exclusion and to present data on poverty and social exclusion in Slovenia. After that, the diploma paper analyses the impacts of poverty on quality of life and developmental and educational possibilities. Special attention has been devoted to the role of school in reducing the effect of poverty. The paper deals with the general principles of education, values in schools and equity in education. It also raises awareness for building social capital in schools and kindergartens and emphasizes the importance of cooperation between school and home, i. e. teachers, counselors and parents. Finally, the theoretical part presents the correlation between schools and developing self-respect and points out the importance of volunteering. The empirical part of the paper deals with the socioeconomic status (SES) of ninth grade students from primary schools in Maribor from the perspective of the education of the parents and the material and social capital of the families. After that, it deals with students' extracurricular activities, academic achievement in particular school subjects and resolving students' personal and academic problems. One of the aims of this diploma paper was to determine students' career aspirations and to differentiate between enrollment and career ambitions and opportunities. Finally, the paper analyses the influence of parents and teachers in students' career choices. The main aim of the empirical research was to investigate the correlation between the socioeconimic status of ninth grade students on the one hand and their academic achievement and career choice on the other.It can be concluded that the socioeconomic status has an influence on academic achievement in most school subjects. The difference is most observable in science, languages and history. Students with a higher socioeconomic status have better grades than students with a lower socioeconomic status in these school subjects. There is also a statistically significant difference between career aspirations and socioeconomic status. Students with a higher socioeconomic status have a higher tendency to enroll in secondary schools where they can acquire better qualifications than students with a lower socioeconimic status.

Revščina je kljub sodobnim pristopom družbe aktualen problem. Ljudje se spopadajo z njo povsod, še posebej pa so izpostavljena območja, ki so oddaljena od mest, saj je na podeželju industrija manj razvita, posledično pa imajo prebivalci manj možnosti za zaposlitev. Revščina ima mnogo negativnih vplivov, med drugim tudi na zdravje. Iz tega vidika je pomembno patronažno varstvo, ki s svojimi zaposlenimi pomaga pri odkrivanju revščine, mnogokrat pa se z zdravstveno-vzgojnim delom, vključevanjem inštitucij za pomoč socialno ogroženim družinam in s samo oporo posameznikom in družinam lahko pomaga k zmanjševanju tega družbenega problema. Namen diplomskega dela je bilo ugotoviti, ali patronažne medicinske sestre pri svojem delu zaznajo pojav revščine in kako ob tem ravnajo. Poverty is after all modern approach of community topical problem. Poverty is present everywhere, exactly on country, because there are less industries and that is why in the country people do not have enough jobs for everybody who lives there. Poverty has many negative influences, between them, there is influence on health too. On the other hand there is important community care, because home care nurses are the ones, who come to a patient's home. Home care nurses do the health education and give people some psychological support. They are important also, because they include other organizations who treats socially vulnerable families. The purpose of the diploma thesis was to find out, if home care nurses do detect poverty and how they deal with it.

Diplomsko delo Stari starši in vnuki obravnava odnos med starimi starši in njihovimi vnuki. V diplomski nalogi smo v teoretičnem delu predstavili pojme socializacija, družina, razširjena družina, staranje, starost in starostna obdobja. Raziskovali smo vlogo, ki jo imajo stari starši v družini s predšolskim otrokom. Posvetili smo se vertikalno razširjeni družini in medosebnim odnosom med člani družine. Pri opredelitvi starih staršev nas je zanimalo, kakšno vlogo v družini imajo člani družine, kakšna je bila vloga starih staršev skozi čas in kakšno vlogo imajo v življenju vnukov danes. Napisanih je tudi nekaj predlogov strokovnjakov, kako naj stari starši uresničujejo svojo vlogo danes, podkrepljenih s praktičnimi primeri. V empiričnem delu smo ugotavljali vlogo in vključenost starih staršev v družini s predšolskim otrokom danes. Uporabili smo dva podobna anketna vprašalnika. Prvi anketni vprašalnik je izpolnil starš, drugi anketni vprašalnik pa stari starš vertikalno razširjene družine. Primerjali smo mnenja staršev in starih staršev o vključenosti v mlado družino, skušali ugotoviti, koliko časa preživijo skupaj in kakšne so njihove aktivnosti. Rezultate obeh anket smo analizirali in predstavili v obliki grafov in tabel ter jih interpretirali. Ugotovitve raziskovanja smo strnili v sklepu. The thesis Grandparents and grandchildren discusses the relationship between grandparents and their grandchildren. The theoretical part of the thesis presents the terms socialization, family, expanded family, aging, old age and age periods. We have explored the role, which grandparents have in a family with preschool children. We have focused on the vertically expanded family and interpersonal relationships between the family members. When we were defining grandparents we wanted to find out what role the family members take, what was the role of grandparents through time and what role they play in the lives of their grandchildren today. We have stated some suggestions of experts on how grandparents realize their role today and we have supported these suggestions with practical examples. The empirical part discusses the role and inclusion of grandparents in the families with preschool children today. We have used two similar questionnaires. The first questionnaire was filled out by a parent and the second one by a grandparent of a vertically expanded family. We compared the opinions of parents and grandparents regarding the inclusion into a young family, we attempted to determine how much time they spend together and what their activities are. The results of both questionnaires were analysed and presented in the form of diagrams and tables and the results were also interpreted. The findings were summarized in the conclusion.

Motnje hranjenja so duševne motnje, ki se kažejo kot duševne ali čustvene stiske ter nesprejemanje samega sebe. Tu pa se tudi izgublja posameznikova individualnost, saj vsi želijo biti čim boljši približek idealom družbe. Sociološki vidiki motenj hranjenja se kažejo kot družbena manipulacija predvsem ženskih teles in kot ena osrednjih strategij razkazovanja družbenih razmerij in moči med spoloma. V družbenih teorijah je mogoče anoreksijo razumeti kot patološko kristalizacijo kulture, kot družbeno manipulacijo (ženskih) teles in kot enega od načinov razkazovanja razmerij moči med spoloma. Prav tako pa je moč anoreksijo razumeti kot način osvoboditve izpod vse večjega nadzora globalnih živilskih verig. Namen diplomskega dela je bil predstaviti družbeni pogled na anoreksijo in njene posledice ter aktualno problematiko motenj hranjenja med mladostniki sodobne družbe. Diplomsko delo temelji na deskriptivni metodi dela. Postavljena so teoretična izhodišča izbranih teorij z različnimi vidiki in pogledi sodobne družbe in medicinske sestre na motnje hranjenja. Motnje hranjenja so nedvomno bolezen današnjega časa, čeprav so jih poznali že v preteklosti. Razmah težav lahko po eni strani pripišemo izobilju dobrin razvitega sveta, po drugi strani pa ravno v tem delu sveta ljudje trpijo zaradi velikih pritiskov lastnih ambicij, pridobitništva, modnih trendov, osamljenosti in drugih obremenitev, ki gredo v korak s hitrim razvojem. Takih obremenitev se ljudje navadno dolgo ne zavedamo in še le, ko se stopnjujejo in se pokažejo kot motnje v našem vsakodnevnem življenju, spoznamo, da je nekaj hudo narobe. Eating disorders are mental disorders, which reflect one's emotional and mental distress and lack of acceptance of one's self. Individual's identity is herein being lost due to adapting to modern society's ideals. Sociological aspects of eating disorders are displayed as a social manipulation of (mostly) women's bodies and as one of the main strategies portraying social relations and gender equality. It is possible to understand anorexia as a pathological crystallization of culture, as a social manipulation of women's bodies and as one of the ways of demonstrating power proportions between sexes. It is also eligible to analyze anorexia as a way of liberation from rising control of global food chains. Purpose of this dissertation was to present social view over anorexia and her consequences and also to portray contemporary issues of eating disorders amongst youngsters of modern society. This dissertation is based on the descriptive method of research work. Findings from selected theories are confronted and analyzed, as well as views of modern society and of a nurse, all on the subject of eating disorders. Eating disorders are undoubtedly diseases of today, although they have been known in the past as well. Expansion of eating disorders phenomenon can result from materialism and abundance of modern world's goods, however in our part of the world people are suffering from intense pressures, carried by their own ambitions, gaining assets, fashion trends, loneliness and other kinds of distress, which are consequences of hipper development. People are usually unaware of these burdens, only when they escalate and show as disturbances in our everyday lives, we tend to see them as a problem.

Ob intenzivnem staranju prebivalstva in podaljševanju življenjske dobe v vseh družbah sveta, predvsem pa v zahodnih, postaja vse pomembnejše tako razumevanje in zaznavanje dejavnikov lastnega staranja kot tudi vzpostavljanje pozitivnega odnosa do starejših nasploh. Kljub dejstvu, da je starost lahko zdrava in produktivna, sta diskriminacija starejših in strah pred staranjem globoko zakoreninjena v kulturo sodobnih družb. Žal, tudi slovenske. Cilj doktorske disertacije je preučevati sociološke vidike odnosa mladih do staranja, starosti in starejših ljudi v slovenski postmoderni družbi. Na osnovi teoretičnih socioloških pristopov o staranju in ageizmu smo obravnavali nekatere dejavnike, ki nakazujejo razlike v odnosu do starejših in dojemanju strahu pred staranjem med mladimi. Osredotočili smo se na srednješolsko in študentsko populacijo in v raziskovalni vzorec zajeli 1234 anketiranih mladih, v starosti od 15 do 29 let (M = 19,1, SD = 3,1) na območju severovzhodne Slovenije. Rezultati analize empirične raziskave niso potrdili našega predvidevanja, da med anketiranimi mladimi prevladujejo ageistična stališča. Smo pa med anketiranimi mladimi na osnovi dobljenih empiričnih podatkov zaznali strah pred staranjem - natančneje strah pred izgubo (npr. osamljenostjo). Signifikantne razlike so se pokazale glede na spol tako v odnosu do starejših (anketirani moški so pogosteje ageistični) kot v dojemanju strahu pred staranjem (anketirane ženske v prihodnosti bolj skrbi fizični izgled in osamljenost). Prav tako smo zaznali, da med anketiranimi mladimi obstajajo razlike v dojemanje strahu pred staranjem glede na stopnjo izobrazbe in kraj njihovega bivanja. Ugotovili smo tudi, presenetljivo, da tip družine ne vpliva na stopnjo ageizma. Veliko bolj pomembna povezava se je pokazala med stopnjo ageizma in vzgojnimi slogi v družini. Nadalje lahko potrdimo tudi pozitivno povezanost med strahom pred staranjem in ageizmom, ki sta v negativni povezavi z znanjem o staranju. Na osnovi teoretičnih in empiričnih spoznanj smo izoblikovali sociološko-izobraževalni model za preprečevanje negativnega oz. ohranjanje pozitivnega odnosa mladih do starejših, za lažje premagovanje strahu pred staranjem med mladimi in, nenazadnje, za učinkovitejšo implementacijo vsebin na področje družine, izobraževanja in medgeneracijskega sodelovanja. According to intensive aging and prolonged life expectancy of population in all societies in the world, especially in the Western countries, it is becoming increasingly important to understand and perceive factors of one’s own aging, as well as the creation of a positive attitude to the elderly in general. Despite the fact that the age can be healthy and productive, discrimination against the elderly and the aging anxiety is deeply rooted in the culture of modern societies. Unfortunately, it is present in Slovenia, too. The aim of the doctoral thesis was to study the sociological aspects of the attitudes of young people to aging, age and older people in the Slovenian postmodern society. Based on the theoretical sociological approaches on aging and ageism, some of the factors which indicate differences in attitude towards older people and the perception of fear of aging among young people were discussed. We focused on high school and the student population, and in the research sample were surveyed 1234 young people aged 15 to 29 years (M = 19,1, SD = 3,1) in north-eastern Slovenia. The results of the analysis of this empirical research did not confirm our prediction that among the interviewed young people predominate ageist attitudes. But on the basis of obtained empirical data, we recognized presence of fear of aging among young people more specifically, fear of loss (e.g. the loneliness). Significant differences were present regarding gender, both in relation to the elderly (male respondents more often feel ageism), and their perception of fear of ageing (women surveyed are more concerned about physical appearance and loneliness in the future).We also noted that among the interviewed young people there were differences in the perception of fear of age by level of education and place of residence. It was also found, surprisingly, that family type does not affect the level of ageism. Much more important liaison was found between the degree of ageism and educational styles in the family. Positive correlation was also confirmed between the fear of aging and ageism that are negatively correlated with knowledge about aging. Based on the theoretical and empirical knowledge, we have formed a sociological educational model for the prevention of negative or maintaining of positive young people's attitudes to the elderly, to help overcome the fear of aging among young people and, ultimately, for the efficient implementation of this content in the area of the family, education, and intergenerational cooperation.

Diplomsko delo je namenjeno seznanitvi nekaterih vidikov primerjave obravnave verskih vsebin v osnovnošolskem izobraževanju v slovenskem in hrvaškem šolskem sistemu. Pri ugotavljanju razlik smo se osredotočili na mnenje učiteljev o vključenosti ali izključenosti verouka kot predmeta v osnovnošolskem izobraževanju v obeh izobraževalnih sistemih. V teoretičnem delu predstavljamo zgodovinski pregled slovenskega izobraževalnega sistema skozi stoletja, vpogled v sedanjost in nekatere vidike izobraževanja, ki so se izkazali za dobre v prihodnosti, tako v Republiki Sloveniji kot v Republiki Hrvaški. Natančneje smo opisali, kako je s poučevanjem verouka v javnih šolah, kratek zgodovinski pregled in razliko med katehezo in religioznim poukom. Opisali smo tudi tri najpogosteje uveljavljene vzorce religioznega pouka v evropskih šolah. V nadaljevanju sledi pregled verskih vsebin v slovenskem izobraževalnem sistemu, kot je določeno z zakonom. Podrobno smo predstavili predmet verstva in etike in usposobljenost učiteljev za ta predmet. Primerjalno sledi pregled verskih vsebin v hrvaškem izobraževalnem sistemu in kako je to opredeljeno v njihovi zakonodaji. Govorili smo o statusu predmeta, vsebinah in ciljih ter usposobljenosti hrvaških učiteljev za poučevanje verouka. V empiričnem delu smo predstavili mnenje učiteljev o položaju verskih vsebin v slovenskih šolah in ga primerjali z mišljenjem učiteljev v osnovnih šolah na Hrvaškem. V raziskavo smo zajeli tudi ozaveščenost hrvaških učiteljev o položaju verouka v slovenskih osnovnih šolah in obratno. Ugotavljamo, da hrvaški učitelji niso zadovoljni s trenutnim položajem verouka, tj. kot izbirnega predmeta v javnem šolstvu. Zaradi prevelikih pritiskov Cerkve v zadnjih letih verouk uživa status rednega predmeta. Iz tega razloga so učitelji podali mnenje, da verouk dojemajo kot oviro v hrvaškem šolskem sistemu, kar je potrdilo naša predvidevanja. Z druge strani pa so slovenski učitelji še toliko bolj zadovoljni s petindvajsetletno izključenostjo verouka iz šolskega sistema. The thesis is to introduce some aspects of the comparison of the treatment of religious content in education in Slovenian and Croatian school system. In determining the differences we focused on the opinion of classroom teachers on the inclusion or exclusion of religion as a subject in primary education in both educational systems. We present a historical overview of Slovenian education system over the centuries in the theoretical part, an insight into the present and some aspects of education, which have proved to be good in the future, both in the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia. Specifically, we examined the teaching of religion in public schools, a brief historical overview and the difference between catechesis and religious lesson. We also described the three most commonly established patterns of religious teaching in European schools. It follows an overview of religious content in the Slovenian education system, as it is provided by the law. We presented in details the subject of religion and ethics and the qualifications of the teachers for this subject. Comparatively it is followed by a review of religious content in the Croatian education system and how it is defined in their legislation. We talked about the status of the subject, content, objectives and competence of Croatian teachers to teach religion. In the empirical part, we presented the opinion of the teachers on the situation of religious content in Slovenian schools and compared it with the thinking of teachers in primary schools in Croatia. The survey also included the awareness of Croatian teachers on the situation of religion in Slovenian primary schools and vice versa. We note that the Croatian teachers are not satisfied with the current situation of religious education as an optional subject in public schools. Due to the excessive pressures of the Church in recent years, religion enjoys the status of a regular object. For this reason, teachers are given an opinion that religion is perceived as an obstacle in the Croatian school system, which confirmed our prediction. On the other hand, Slovenian teachers are even more satisfied with 25 years long exclusion of religion from the school system.

Tema magistrske naloge so nekateri sociološki vidiki učencev s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi težavami (ČVT) prvega in drugega vzgojno-izobraževalnega obdobja. V teoretičnem delu magistrske naloge smo predstavili značilnosti učencev s ČVT ter opisali vzroke za pojav in pojavne oblike, v katerih se ČVT najpogosteje pojavljajo. Opisali smo psihosocialne dejavnike, ki vplivajo na ČVT ter raziskali, kakšne vrste pomoči lahko nudimo učencem s tovrstnimi težavami. Raziskava je temeljila na neslučajnostnem priložnostnem vzorcu učiteljev z osnovnih šol v Koroški in Štajerski regiji, ki v šolskem letu 2015/2016 poučujejo v prvem ali drugem vzgojno-izobraževalnem obdobju in imajo v razredu učenca, ki kaže znake ČVT. Pri tem so nas zanimale razlike med razredom in spolom učencev s ČVT ter delovnimi izkušnjami anketiranih učiteljev. Kot merski pripomoček smo uporabili spletni anketni vprašalnik. Na podlagi rezultatov je bilo ugotovljeno, da se znaki ČVT pri učencih pokažejo že v prvem vzgojno-izobraževalnem obdobju, da imajo razredni učitelji ključno vlogo pri prepoznavanju in pomoči učencem s ČVT, da je družinsko socialno okolje glavni povzročitelj ČVT ter da je vedenje učencev po ocenah učiteljev najpogosteje odraz neupoštevanja pravil in razvajenosti ali pomanjkanja emocij in pozornosti v domačem okolju. Ocenjujemo, da ti otroci potrebujejo pomoč, ki jim jo najpogosteje nudijo razredni učitelji v sodelovanju s strokovnjaki in starši. Ugotovili smo, da so učenci s ČVT v drugem vzgojno-izobraževalnem obdobju med sovrstniki slabše socialno sprejeti, da so sovrstniki manj tolerantni in ne odobravajo njihovega vedenja, saj motijo učni proces in se jih bojijo. Anketirani učitelji menijo, da imata športna vzgoja in šport pozitiven vpliv na samopodobo učencev s ČVT in njihovo socialno sprejetost med sovrstniki. The subject of this master’s thesis is Some Sociological Aspects of Pupils with Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties in the First and Second Educational Period. In the theoretical part we introduced the characteristics of pupils with emotional and behavioral difficulties, and at the same time we described the causes of occurrence and forms in which these difficulties appear most frequently. We described psychosocial factors which affect the emotional and behavioral difficulties, and we also researched the types of assistance that can be offered to pupils with such difficulties. Our research was based on non-probability, convenience sample of teachers from elementary schools in Carinthia and Styria, who teach in the first or secondary educational period in the school year of 2005-2016 and have a pupil in class with emotional and behavioral difficulties. In the process we were interested in the differences of pupils with emotional and behavioral difficulties by grade and sex, and in the differences of interviewed teachers by work experiences. As a metric accessory we used an on-line survey questionnaire. The results showed that the signs of pupils’ emotional and behavioral difficulties are already shown in the first educational period, that the class teachers have a crucial role in recognition and in offering help to pupils with emotional and behavioral difficulties, that family social environment is the main cause of emotional and behavioral difficulties, and that by teachers’ reckoning the behavior of pupils is most frequently the reflection of failure to respect the rules and of being spoiled or lacking emotions and attention in home environment. We evaluate that these children require assistance which is most frequently offered by class teachers in association with professionals and parents. We established that pupils with emotional and behavioral difficulties in the second educational period are less favorably socially accepted by peers, that peers are less tolerant and do not approve their behavior because these children disturb the learning process, and peers fear them. Teachers believe that physical education and sport have a positive influence on self-image of pupils with emotional and behavioral difficulties, and on their social acceptance between peers.

Magistrska naloga je namenjena raziskovanju in razkrivanju dilem o sodobnem lepotnem idealu in motnjah hranjenja. V sodobni družbi je postal lepotni ideal vitko telo in disciplino, kot lastnost posameznika, sodobna družba nagradi z uspehom. V določenih primerih pride do motenj hranjenja, ki spadajo v skupino duševnih bolezni. V teoretičnem delu je predstavljen nastanek ideala vitkosti skozi zgodovino in sedanji sodobni lepotni ideal. Da je lepota v današnji kulturi pomembna, je potrdila raziskava. Izkazalo pa se je, da to ni pogoj za osebno srečo. Predstavljene so motnje hranjenja: anoreksija, bulimija, kompulzivno prenajedanje, ortoreksija in bikoreksija. Pri teh motnjah je potrebno poiskati vzroke, saj pogosto sledijo neželenemu življenjskemu dogodku (zlorabi, izgubi bližje osebe, izgubi službe, alkoholizmu v družini, slabemu šolskemu uspehu …). Določene osebnostne lastnosti – pridnost, rigidnost, želja ugajati, perfekcionizem, introvertiranost – lahko vplivajo na nastanek motenj hranjenja, ki jih nekateri dejavniki spodbudijo. Dejavnike, ki vplivajo na motnje hranjenja, delimo na tri skupine: biološko-genetske, socio-kulturne in psihološke. Družba kot odgovor na družbene norme krivi medije in modno industrijo za nastanek motenj hranjenja. Vplivi medijev na odnos do telesa je viden tudi iz rezultatov raziskave. Posamezniki, ki se primerjajo z osebami iz medijev, bi se prej odločili za estetsko operacijo in vsekakor bolj pazijo na telesno težo. V Ameriki, Angliji in Nemčiji so popularni spletni formi Pro Ana in Pro Mia – v Sloveniji taki forumi, ki promovirajo izrazito vitkost (in s tem anoreksijo in bulimijo) še niso prepoznavni. Raziskava je potrdila hipotezo, da več žensk (11,5 %) kot moških (2,2 %) zboli za motnjami hranjenja in da za motnjami zboli več mlajših do 20 let (11,8 %) in do 30 let (12 %), od 31 do 50 je samo ena oseba s prenizkim ITM, ki ima vpliv na telesno samopodobo. V raziskavi se preverjajo tudi prehranjevalne navade v slovenski družbi. Raziskava je pokazala, da so pogost pojav v slovenski družbi motnje prehranjevanja, neredno uživanje obrokov, uživanje preveč maščob in sladkorja. Samo polovica posameznikov dnevno uživa sadje in zelenjavo. Pri hranjenju se načrtno omejuje več žensk. Telesna teža vpliva na prehranjevalne navade in iz slabih prehranjevalnih navad se lahko razvijejo motnje hranjenja. Dokazana je tudi signifikantnost vpliva sociodemografskih dejavnikov na prehranjevalne navade in na skrb za telo (spol, starost, zakonski stan, izobrazba, izobrazba staršev, kraj bivanja, prihodek). My master degree is about the contemporary ideal of beauty and eating disorder. In today's society the ideal of beauty is a slim body and the characteristics are rewarded with a success. This sometimes leads to eating disorder that is considered as a mental illness. In the theoretical part of my degree the beginning of the ideal of the slimness is presented through its history as well as the contemporary ideal of beauty. In the present the beauty is very important in today’s culture but it is not the subject of somebody's happiness. There are different eating disorders presented: anorexia, bulimia, compulsive overeating, orthorexia and bigorexia. The causes for eating disorder should be found. The eating disorder is often the result of undesirable life events such is the abuse, the loss of the family member or close friend, the loss of a job, the presence of alcoholism in family, the school failure etc. Certain personal characteristics such is diligence, rigidity, desire to please, pperfectionism and introversion can cause the beginning of the eating disorder. The factors that affect the eating disorders are divided into three groups: biological-genetic, sociocultural and psychological factors. Media and fashion industry are blamed for the beginning of the eating disorders as the answer of the society standards. The impact of the media in relation to the body is also seen from the results of my study. Individuals compared with people in the media would rather choose a plastic surgery as well as they pay attention to their body weight. There are online forums Pro Ana and Pro Mia in America, England and German but in Slovenia such forums promoting thinness like anorexia and bulimia are still not recognizable.

Izhodišča: Sodelovanje med zdravniki in medicinskimi sestrami je ključnega pomena, saj dobro sodelovanje omogoča višjo varnost pacientov ter kompleksnejšo in kvalitetnejšo obravnavo. Raziskava je bila opravljena z namenom ugotoviti, kako odnose med medicinskimi sestrami in zdravniki ocenjujejo študenti medicine in zdravstvene nege, torej kadri v pripravi. Metodologija: V uvodnem teoretičnem delu smo predstavili sodelovanje kot konjuktivni družbeni proces, izobraževanje različnih profilov v zdravstvu in pomen timskega dela in sodelovanja zdravstvenih delavcev. Raziskovalni del magistrskega dela temelji na kvantitativni metodologiji. Raziskavo smo izvedli s pomočjo validiranega anketnega vprašalnika. Uporabili smo Jeffersonovo lestvico za oceno sodelovanja med zdravniki in medicinskimi sestrami (Jefferson Scale of Attitudes toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration- JSAPNC). Anketa je bila izvedena med 428 študenti Medicinske fakultete in Fakultete za zdravstvene vede Univerze v Mariboru. Rezultati: V raziskavi smo ugotovili statistično pomembne razlike glede na spol anketirancev pri nekaterih trditvah pa tudi glede na vrsto študija. Zelo visoko stopnjo strinjanja smo ugotovili pri želji po vključenosti medprofesionalnih odnosov v izobraževalne programe (M=3,3). Diskusija in zaključek: Po analizi obeh študijskih programov smo ugotovili, da vsi študentje tekom študija usvojijo znanja s področja komuniciranja, profesionalnega sodelovanja in medsebojnih odnosov v zdravstvu. Predlagali smo, da bi se določene študijske vsebine predavale študentom obeh fakultet v skupnem študijskem predmetu sočasno. Introduction: Cooperation between physicians and nurses is crucial because good cooperation enables higher patient safety and more complex and higher-quality treatment. In our study, we aimed to find out how medical and nursing students assess the relationship between nurses and physicians. Methodology: In the theoretical part, we presented cooperation as a conjunctive social process, education of various profiles in health care, and the importance of teamwork and cooperation between health professionals. The empirical part of the master thesis is based on a quantitative methodology. The survey was conducted by using a validated questionnaire. For the purpose of physician-nurse collaboration assessment we used the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration - JSAPNC. The survey was conducted among 428 students of the Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor. Results: In the study, we found statistically significant differences by gender of respondents in some claims, and also as regards the type of study. A very high degree of agreement was found as regards the respondents` desire to include topics on interprofessional collaboration in study programs (M = 3.3). Discussion and conclusion: In our analysis of both study programs, we found that during the study, all students acquire knowledge in the field of communication, professional cooperation and interaction in health care. We recommend that certain specific study contents are offered to students of both faculties in a joint subject, at the same time.

Diplomsko delo obravnava vlogo starih staršev v razširjeni družini in je razdeljeno na dva dela: na teoretični in empirični del. V teoretičnem delu smo pozornost namenili družini in starim staršem. Opisali smo pojem družina, kakšne tipe in naloge družin poznamo, predstavili smo obdobja družinskega življenja in opisali, kakšna je bila družina v moderni in kakšna v aktualni postmoderni družbi, ter se osredotočili na aktualne tipe družin v sodobni slovenski družbi. Potem smo se podrobneje seznanili s temo staranja in starosti ter analizirali vlogo starih staršev v razširjeni družini. Ker nas je v empiričnem delu zanimala vloga starih staršev v razširjeni družini, kakšen je njihov vzgojni vpliv na vnuke in kakšna je njihova vloga v šoli in pri domačih nalogah, smo se temu posvetili s pomočjo strokovnih virov. V empiričnem delu smo z anketnim vprašalnikom izvedli anketiranje, s katerim smo želeli ugotoviti, ali obstajajo kakšne razlike med vlogo starih staršev v razširjeni družini v mestu in na podeželju ter kakšen vpliv ima izobrazba starih staršev na pomoč vnukom (osnovnošolcem) pri domačih nalogah in učenju. Poleg tega smo želeli ugotoviti tudi, ali so v sodobni postmoderni slovenski družbi stari starši večinoma že upokojeni, s čim stari starši družini svojega otroka najbolj pomagajo ter ali vsaj občasno prihaja med starimi starši in njihovimi otroki do konfliktov pri vzgoji vnukov. The purpose of this dissertation was to discuss the role of grandparents in an extended families. The dissertation is divided into two part: the theoretical and the empirical part. In the theoretical part, the focus is on family and grandparents. We described the definition of the term “family”, the types and tasks of families, as well as different stages in family lives. Furthermore, we described the characteristics of families in modern and in current post-modern era, as well as the current types of families in modern Slovenian society. Next, we discussed the topic of senescence, oldness and the role of grandparents in an extended families. In the empirical part of the dissertation, we explained the role of grandparents in an extended families, discussed grandparents’ educational effects on their grandchildren, their role in grandchildren’s schooling and their involvement in homework. In the empirical part of the dissertation, we carried out a survey, using a questionnaire, in order to establish the differences between the roles of grandparents in an extended families living in a city and the roles of grandparents in an extended families living in the country. We also wanted to examine the effects of grandparents' education and profession on their grandchildren's learning and to examine grandparents' involvement in homework. In addition, our purpose was to establish whether the grandparents in current post-modern Slovenian society are mostly retired, how they help their children's families and whether, at least occasionally, there are conflicts between grandparents and their children when it comes to raising their grandchildren.

Diplomsko delo z naslovom Vzgojiteljevo zaznavanje revščine v družini predšolskega otroka je empirično diplomsko delo, s katerim smo želeli ugotoviti, ali vzgojitelji v vrtcih prepoznavajo revščino pri predšolskih otrocih in kako nanjo reagirajo. Diplomsko delo je sestavljeno iz teoretičnega in empiričnega dela. V teoretičnem delu smo podrobneje opredelili pojem revščina. Opisali smo teorije revščine in funkcijo revščine. Analizirali smo tudi razloge, ki pripeljejo do revščine in posledice revščine, ki pogosto kršijo človekove pravice. Poseben poudarek smo namenili družini predšolskega otroka, ki se znajde v revščini. V zaključku teoretičnega dela pa smo opisali vpliv revščine na predšolskega otroka in stiske, ki jih pri tem doživlja. V empiričnem delu smo si zastavili štiri raziskovalne hipoteze, ki smo jih na osnovi dobljenih empiričnih podatkov s pomočjo dobljenih odgovorov na anketni vprašalnik tudi preverili. Anketni vprašalnik smo oblikovali z namenom, da raziščemo ozaveščenost, možnost prepoznavanja in ravnanja strokovnih delavcev ob prepoznavi revščine. Razdelili smo ga med 100 vzgojiteljev in pomočnikov vzgojitelja v vrtcih. Podatke, ki smo jih pridobili s pomočjo anketnih vprašalnikov, smo obdelali z uporabo programa SPSS. Vse pridobljene podatke smo analizirali, predstavili v tabelah in jih interpretirali. The thesis titled Nursery Teacher's Perception of Poverty in Families of Pre-School Children is an empirical thesis which tries to determine if nursery teachers recognize poverty when working with pre-school children and how do they react to it. The thesis consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part explains the term poverty itself and the theory of poverty as well as the function of poverty are also described. Furthermore, the reasons that lead to poverty and the consequences that often result in violation of human rights are analysed. Special emphasis has been placed on the families of pre-school children that find themselves caught in poverty. The conclusion of the theoretical part describes the influence of poverty on a pre-school child and the distress that he/she goes through in such circumstances. In the empirical part four research hypotheses were first proposed and they were further tested on the base of acquired empirical data gathered by the survey questionnaire. The survey questionnaire was formed with the intention to research the nursery teachers’ awareness, their possibilities of perception and their conduct. It was distributed among 100 nursery teachers. The information gathered by the questionnaire was processed by the SPSS Statistics. All the collected data has been analysed, presented in charts and interpreted.

POVZETEK Predmet diplomskega dela je doživljanje smrti v družini s predšolskim otrokom, s posebnim poudarkom na doživljanju smrti predšolskega otroka v njegovi družini. Tema nas je zanimala tudi zato, ker sem v svoji preteklosti in sedaj v bližnji okolici zasledila zadržano obnašanje in ravnanje odraslih do predšolskih otrok ob doživljanju smrti v družini. Le-ti največkrat v odnosu do predšolskega otroka postanejo zadržani in tihi in o smrti sploh nočejo spregovoriti. Res pa je, da smrt ni nevsakdanja stvar. To je del našega življenja in z njo se vsak od nas kdaj sooči. Tudi v vrtcu se o tej temi sploh ne pogovarjajo, saj ocenjujejo, da to v vzgojno in izobraževalno delo vrtca ne spada. Prepričani pa smo, da imajo otroci pravico izvedeti čim več o smrti. Tudi starši se izogibajo tako pogovorom kot vprašanjem o tej družbeni tabu temi. Največkrat so prepričani, da so njihovi predšolski otroci premajhni za pogovore o smrti in da vsebin ne bodo razumeli. Še več, bojijo se, da jih bodo teme vznemirile in prestrašile. Sami pa ocenjujemo prav nasprotno. Pogosto se namreč zdi, da imajo odrasli večje težave, tako s pogovori kot s samim doživljanjem smrti, kot pa otroci. Otroci se lažje spopadajo z njo. Prav tako lažje doživljajo žalovanje, če jim seveda starši dovolijo žalovati na njihov način. Pri obravnavi zadanega problema diplomske naloge smo zaznali tudi pomembne razlike med žalovanjem odraslih in žalovanjem otrok. Spoznali smo namreč, da otroci niso tako ranljivi, kot jih včasih ocenjujemo odrasli, ampak so razumevajoča bitja, ki razumejo življenje in pojave v njem. Za potrebe emiričnega dela diplomske naloge smo opravili intervju s starši predšolskih otrok, s predšolskimi otroki in vzgojitelji, ki so se soočali s smrtjo. V teoretičnem delu smo predstavili vlogo družine za predšolskega otroka ob primeru smrti s posebnim ozirom na doživljanju, razumvanju in soočanju s smrtjo. V empiričnem delu pa smo izvedli analizo dobljenih empiričnih rezultatov s komentarji. Preverili smo tudi zastavljene raziskovalne hipoteze. Abstract The subject of the thesis is the family of a preschool child and death, with special emphasis on experiencing death within a family with preschool children. We were also interested in the topic because I myself, in the past and today, in the vicinity, have noticed retained behaviour of adults when experiencing death within the family. These most often become reserved in their relation towards the child and remain quiet, do not wish to talk about death at all. It is however true, that death is an everyday phenomenon. It is part of our life and we are all faced with it eventually. This topic is also never discussed in kindergartens, because they assess, that this pedagogic and educational work does not belong in the kindergarten. We believe that children have the right to learn all about death. Parents tend to avoid conversations and questions connected to this socially prohibited topic as well. They are most often convinced that their preschool children are too small for conversations about death and that they will not understand the content. They are even afraid that these topics will agitate and scare them. We estimate just the opposite. It often seems that adults have greater problems with talking about and experiencing death than children do. Children deal with death easier. It is also easier for them to experience grief, of course if parents let them mourn in their own way. In studying the topic of the thesis, we also noticed an important difference between the mourning of adults and the mourning of children. We recognised that children are not as vulnerable as we adults often perceive them to be, they are understanding beings, who understand life and the phenomena connected with it. For the purposes of the empirical part of the thesis, we conducted an interview with parents of preschool children, with children and with preschool teachers, which have been in contact with death. In the theoretical part, we presented the role of the family for the preschool child, with special consideration of the experiencing, understanding and coping with death. In the empirical part, we performed an analysis of the obtained empirical results with comments we also checked the set research hypotheses.

V sodobni družbi se vse bolj zavedamo kakovosti lastnega življenja in življenja naših bližnjih. Tako tudi kakovost starostnikov predstavlja vedno večjo prioriteto v institucionalnem varstvu. To vse prinaša določene spremembe in izboljšave, ki omogočajo starostnikom storitve, kakršne si želijo in potrebujejo. Kakovostne storitve so dobra naložba v prihodnost in tega se zaveda vodilni kader v domovih za ostarele. Ustanove se trudijo, da bi stremele k novostim in spremembam, ki vodijo v kakovost in izboljšanje življenja starostnikov. Diplomskega delo se začne s predstavitvijo termina starost in osamljenost. Ta dva pojma sta v povezavi in v veliki meri vplivata na starostnike. Osamljenost je velik problem naše družbe, saj velikokrat raje pogledamo stran, kot se soočimo s tovrstno problematiko. V delu je prikazano, kako se starostniki spopadajo z boleznijo in kako poteka njihovo zdravljenje. Spopadanje z boleznijo pušča določene posledice in naša odgovornost je, da se seznanimo s posledicami in ukrepi. Z osamljenostjo se srečujejo starostniki, ki živijo v lastnem domu in prav tako tudi oskrbovanci domov. V delu so predstavljeni dvojni domovi, javni in zasebni. Želeli smo predstaviti delovanje in storitve domov, kako se razlikujejo ter kakšna je njihova ponudba. Podrobneje smo analizirali delovanje Doma Danice Vogrinec, kjer smo izvedli ankete in intervju z delavko doma. Intervju smo izvedli tudi z dvema starejšima osebama, ki imata drugačna pogleda na preselitev v dom. Dobljeni empirični rezultati so pokazali, kako različne so ocene starostnikov o domovih za ostarele. In modern society we are aware of the quality of our own lives and the lives of our loved ones. The quality of the elderly is becoming a higher priority in the institutional care. This all brings some changes and improvements, which allow older people, to make decisions about their needs and desires. Quality services are a good investment in the future, and this is recognized by the leading personal in nursing homes. Facilities are trying to see the innovations and change. They are seeking initiative to improve the quality and the lives of older people. Graduation thesis begins with the presentation of the term age and loneliness. These two concepts are connected and have large effects on the elderly population. Loneliness is a major problem in our society, because many times we prefer to look away rather than confront the issue. The work shows how older people cope with the disease and how to work with different treatments. We have to cope with the disease and learn about the consequences. We have a responsibility to familiarize ourselves with the disease. People living in their own homes and as well people in retirement homes face the problem of loneliness. In the second part, we learn about two different types of homes, public and private. We wanted to present the operation and services of homes, how they differ and what is their offer. We analyzed the function of Dom Danice Vogrinec, where we conducted a survey and made an interview with their worker. We also made two interviews with two elderly people, who have a different perspective on the retirement homes. The empirical results show different assessment of nursing homes.

Diplomsko delo z naslovom Vnuki in stari starši je sestavljeno iz dveh delov, teoretičnega ter empiričnega dela. Diplomsko delo obravnava stare starše ter predšolskega otroka. V teoretičnem delu smo opisali družino, katere so družinske navade ter vrednote, kaj pomenijo prazniki ter katera darila kupijo stari starši svojim vnukom. Opredelili smo pojem stari starši, vzgoja vnukov, babica nekoč in danes ter dedek nekoč in danes, staranje, ruralno ter urbano okolje, kaj ponuja podeželje in mesto predšolskemu otroku ter razmerje med številom starejših in številom otrok v prid starejših. V empiričnem delu smo s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika za stare starše prišli do dobljenih rezultatov. Vzorec sestavljajo stari starši, ki imajo svoje vnuke vključene v vrtec Jurček pri OŠ Gornji Petrovci ter v vrtec Otona Župančiča Maribor, enota Oblakova. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 106 starih staršev. Prikazali smo tudi razlike v odgovorih, glede na kraj bivanja in stari starši, če živijo v razširjeni družini skupaj z vnuki. Zanimalo nas je, koliko vnukov imajo, ali živijo v razširjeni družini, kakšno pomoč nudijo družini svojih vnukov, katere vrednote privzgajajo in kako jih posredujejo svojim vnukom. Vprašali smo jih tudi, kaj počnejo v prostem času s svojimi vnuki. Podatki, ki so bili zbrani z anketnim vprašalnikom, so obdelani s pomočjo programa SPSS. The diploma paper titled Grandchildren and grandparents consists of two parts theoretical and empirical. This thesis discusses grandparents and preschoolers. In a theoretical part we have described family, family habits and values, the importance of holidays and what kinds of presents grandparents are buying for their grandchildren. We have categorized the following concepts: grandparents, grandchild upbringing, the role of a grandmother and a grandfather once and today, ageing, rural and urban environments, what does a countryside and what does a city offer to a preschooler, the ratio between the number of elderly and the number of children in favour of elderly. In the empirical part we have obtained the results using the questionnaire for grandparents. The sample consists of grandparents whose grandchildren are attending kindergarten Jurček at Primary School Gornji Petrovci or Oton Župančič kindergarten, Oblakova unit. One hundred and six grandparents have participated in the survey. We have also described the differences between the answers by the place of residence and if grandparents are living with their grandchildren in the extended families. We also wanted to know how many grandchildren they have and if they’re living in the extended families, what kind of help are they offering to the family of their grandchildren, which values and how are they imparting them to their grandchildren. In an addition we have asked them what they are doing with their grandchildren in free time. The data gathered with the questionnaire was processed with the help of SPSS program.

Predšolski otrok ob sebi nujno potrebuje odraslo osebo, ki ga usmerja, vzgaja in uči. Starši, skrbniki ali strokovni delavci se morajo za otroka zavzeti in mu nuditi čim boljše življenjske pogoje. V teoretičnem delu diplomskega dela so navedeni in opisani razlogi, kaj starše ali skrbnike privede, da začnejo zanemarjati svojega otroka, na kakšne načine to počnejo in kako se predšolski otrok ob tem počuti. Razčlenjene so vrste zanemarjenosti in vsaka izmed njih je posebej opredeljena. Predšolski otrok v času zanemarjanja trpi, zato je pomembno, da se problemi in težave odpravijo. Opisani in navedeni so pristopi k reševanju zanemarjanja ter predlogi kako pomagati tudi staršem ali skrbnikom. Pomembno je, da starši ali skrbniki s tem dejanjem nemudoma prenehajo in ga več ne ponavljajo. V empiričnem delu diplomskega dela so navedeni rezultati ali obstajajo razlike med mestnimi in podeželskimi otroci glede na higieno, ali se otroci ločenih staršev manj gibajo, kateri starši ali skrbniki (zanemarjenih ali ne zanemarjenih otrok) pogosteje komunicirajo z vzgojitelji in ali obstaja povezava med ustvarjalnim področjem otroka ter izobrazbo staršev ali skrbnikov. Vsi pridobljeni podatki iz anketnih vprašalnikov so bili obdelani s programom SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) in prikazani v tabelah. A preschool child urgently needs an adult person which guides and educates him. Parents, guardians or practitioners must take great care of the child and provide him with the best possible living conditions. The theoretical part of this thesis consists of stated and characterized reasons regarding what leads parents and guardians towards a neglecting behavior of their child, how they are neglecting the child, and how does a preschool child feel. Moreover, the types of neglect are analyzed and each of the types is defined individually. During the period of neglect a preschool child is suffering badly, due to that it is necessary the problems and issues get eliminated. Described and stated are also the approaches for solving neglect, and how to help parents and guardians. It is of great importance that parents and guardians immediately stop with their neglecting behavior and do not repeat it. The empirical part of this thesis presents the results of whether there is a difference between urban and rural children regarding hygiene, if children of divorced parents are less physically active, which parents (of neglected or not neglected children) frequently communicate with the educators, and whether there is a link between the creative area of a child and the education of their parents or guardians. All data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) and presented in tabular form.