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Geotermalni potencial Zemlje je izjemno velik. Tudi na ozemlju Slovenije obstajajo geotermalni pogoji za izgradnjo geotermalne elektrarne. V zaključni nalogi je bilo raziskano področje proizvodnje električne energije iz geotermalnih virov. V teoretičnem delu naloge so analizirane geološke in geotermične zahteve za delovanje in postavitev geotermalne elektrarne, proučene fizikalne osnove pretvorbe toplotne energije v delo in nato v električno energijo ter pregledane sodobne tehnologije in trendi razvoja na področju geotermalnih elektrarn. Največ pozornosti je posvečene tehnologijam, ki bi bile primerne za inštalacijo v Sloveniji. Ker je zaključna naloga v največji meri usmerjena v raziskovanje ekonomske upravičenosti so posebej proučene ekonomske značilnosti izgradnje in delovanja sodobne geotermalne elektrarne. V aplikativnem delu naloge je s programskim orodjem SAM za potrebe analize in oblikovanja referenčnega modela narejena ekonomska analiza za delujoče geotermalne elektrarne v regiji. Na podlagi spoznanj je nato izvedena ekonomska analiza uravnoteženih stroškov električne energije (LCOE) v potencialnih geotermalnih elektrarnah v Sloveniji. Na podlagi primerjave obeh profilov geotermalnih elektrarn so nato z metodo simulacij različnih scenarijev poiskane optimalne možnosti za potencialne elektrarne v Sloveniji. Z veliko verjetnostjo se lahko trdi, da bi v primeru določitve ustreznih geotermalnih virov v Sloveniji gradnja geotermalne elektrarne bila ekonomsko upravičena in privlačna za investitorje. Ne glede na vse trenutne dvome in težave bo razvojna prihodnost usmerjena predvsem v manjše geotermalne elektrarne. The geothermal potential of the Earth is extremely large. Slovenia has a geothermal potential for the construction of a geothermal power plant. In the final thesis, I researched the generation of electrical energy from the geothermal resources. In the theoretical part, I analysed the geological and geothermal requirements for the installation and operation of a geothermal power plant. Furthermore, I explored the physical basis of conversion of thermal energy into the work and then into electrical energy. I also reviewed latest technologies and trends in geothermal power plants. In this context, attention was oriented towards the most suitable technologies for installation in Slovenia. Since the final thesis is mostly focused on economic entitlement, the modern geothermal power plant construction and operation economic characteristics are studied specifically. For analytical needs and designing a reference model, in the applicative part of the thesis and based on the SAM software model, I first performed an economic analysis for operating geothermal power plants in the region. Based on the findings, I performed an economic analysis of Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of potential geothermal power plants in Slovenia. Based on the findings from a comparative analysis of two-different geothermal power plants model, I developed a few scenarios for simulations in SAM model. In the end, I developed the best options for potential power plants in Slovenia. It can be concluded with a very high-level of probability that the construction of a geothermal power plant would be economically justified and attractive for investors if appropriate geothermal resources in Slovenia would be explored. However, future developments will be primarily oriented on small geothermal power plants.

Magistrsko delo obravnava dolgoročne koncepte uporabe geotermalne energije za namene ogrevanja stanovanjskih stavb in pridobivanje električne energije. Navedene so potrebe po koriščenju obnovljivih virov energije in vpliv na čistejše okolje. Opisana je sestava zemlje, njen temperaturni gradient in razložen nastanek geotermalnih virov. Podrobno so predstavljene možnosti proizvodnje toplotne energije iz geotermalnih virov v Sloveniji in v svetu ter podane primerjave emisij toplogrednih plinov glede na koriščenje fosilnih goriv oziroma toplotne črpalke. Natančno je opisan BTES sistem (akumulacija toplotne energije z uporabo vrtin) oziroma prenos toplote s toplotno črpalko v ogrevalni sistem s prednostmi in slabostmi. Za določitev toplotne prevodnosti je uporabljen test toplotnega odziva in izdelan računalniški program, ki omogoča izris diagramov odvzete toplote, kar je odvisno od posameznih geoloških lastnosti in parametrov produkcijske vrtine. V krajšem obsegu je predstavljeno delovanje toplotne črpalke in vertikalnega kolektorja z vsemi prednostmi in slabosti ter hladiva, ki se uporabljajo. Na koncu magistrskega dela je navedenih nekaj pogledov in razmišljanj o evropski viziji proizvodnje električne energije z izrabo geotermalnih virov do leta 2050 opisani so tudi postopki pridobivanja električne energije iz geotermalnih virov ogrevanja. Master thesis deals with the concepts of long-term use of geothermal energy for heating of residential buildings and electricity generation. The needs for exploitation of renewable energy sources and the impact on cleaner environment are given in the thesis as well as the structure of the Earth, its temperature gradient and the formation of geothermal resources. Furthermore, the possibilities to generate heat from geothermal resources in Slovenia and abroad, the comparison of greenhouse gas emissions to the utilization of fossil fuels and heat pumps are presented in details. Additionally, the system BTES - (accumulation of heat by using wells) and heat transfer in heat pump heating system is accurately given with all the advantages and disadvantages. To determine the thermal conductivity a thermal response test was used as well as the computer program that allows plotting of graphs depending on the individual deprivation of heat and geological parameters of the production wells. The activity of a heat pump, vertical collector, with all the advantages and disadvantages, and the refrigerant are briefly presented in the thesis. Finally, the thesis includes some European visions of geothermal power generation by the use of geothermal resources up to the year 2050 and the description of the procedures to generate electricity from geothermal heating.