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Pomen laserskega rezanja v industriji predstavlja hitro in kvalitetno doseganje želenih oblik. Omogoča obdelavo različnih materialov, debelin in zahtevnih oblik. Diplomska naloga se osredotoča na optimizacijo parametrov vlakenskega laserja pri razrezu nerjavečega jekla debelin od 1,5 mm do 4 mm. Pri optimiziranju tehnoloških parametrov s stališča ekonomičnosti in kakovosti reza se je izkazalo, da so ključni parametri rezalna hitrost in položaj fokusa laserskega žarka. Kakovost rezanja smo preverjali vizualno, glede na obarvanost površine, obliko rezalnih sledi in prisotnost srha, na rezalnih površinah pa smo izmerili tudi hrapavost. Ugotavljali smo tudi optimalne pogoje za začetek in konec reza ter izdelavo vogalov. Na vzorčnem izdelku smo določili tudi stroške izdelave in ocenili potencialne letne prihranke zaradi optimiziranja procesa rezanja. Ugotovili smo, da z optimizacijo parametrov dosežemo višje hitrosti rezanja in hkrati tudi boljšo hrapavost reza. Primerjali smo razrez pritrdilnih nosilcev debeline 4 mm na vlakenskem in CO2 laserju, ter prihranili čas izdelave 1250 kosov za 17,9 %. The importance of laser cutting in the industry lies in obtaining the desired shapes quickly and with high-quality. It enables the processing of various materials, thicknesses, and complex shapes. The diploma thesis is focused on the optimization of fiber laser parameters for cutting stainless steel with thicknesses from 1,5 mm to 4 mm. When optimizing the technological parameters from the view of economy and quality of cut, the cutting speed and the position of the laser beam focus turned out to be the key parameters. The cutting quality was checked visually according to the surface coloration, the shape of the cutting marks and the presence of burrs, as well as the roughness of the cutting surfaces. The optimal conditions for the beginning and ending of the cutting, as well as the production of corners, were also determined. Furthermore, the production costs were determined on a sample product and the potential annual savings due to the optimization of the cutting process were estimated. We found that optimizing the parameters increases cutting speeds and improves cutting roughness. We compared the cutting of fastening brackets with a thickness of 4 mm using a fiber laser and a CO2 laser and achieved a time savings of 17,9 % in the production of 1250 pieces.

V diplomskem delu je raziskana uporabnost laserskega rezanja pri vrezovanju navojnih lukenj. Ta alternativni pristop k procesu vrezovanja navojev bi lahko predstavljal možnost za učinkovitejšo proizvodnjo ter manjše stroške materiala, kot tudi dela. V prvem delu sta predstavljena procesa laserskega rezanja ter vrezovanja navojev, nato pa še vpliv parametrov na kvaliteto rezanja. V zadnjem delu naloge so prikazani rezultati meritev in diskusija, med drugim ustreznosti dimenzij rezanih lukenj, obrabe navojnih vreznikov, ter ekonomska analiza obeh metod vrezovanja navojev. This thesis researches the usefulness of laser cutting when threading holes with tapping drills. The alternative approach with the use of laser cutting the holes instead of drilling them, would represent a possibility for a faster and more efficient production processes and lesser expenses for both material and labour. In the first part, both laser cutting and hole threading processes are explained. In the next part, the influence of cutting parameters on quality of cut holes is reserached, and finally, in the last part of the thesis, results of the experiments are displayed and analyzed. That includes the dimensional tolerances of cut holes, wear of threading taps, and economical analysis of both methods of threading holes.

Tekom razvojnega procesa novega izdelka običajno pride do večih sprememb, vsaka sprememba pa terja tudi izdelavo vzorcev, ki morajo karseda natančno posnemati načrtovan serijski izdelek. Stremimo torej k natančni in ponovljivi izdelavi vzorcev, ki omogoča evalvacijo načrtovanega produkta in načrtovanje proizvodnih procesov potrebnih za serijsko izdelavo produkta. Z ozirom na to smo v okviru zaključne naloge zasnovali in izdelali ročno orodje za izdelavo prototipov paketov lamel potrebnih za izdelavo statorja električnega pogona. Za zagotavljanje ponovljivosti pa smo tudi preverili vpliv moči in hitrosti laserskega reza, ki je uporabljen za izdelavo lamel prototipov, na odrezane lamele, natančneje na stanje robov. Zasnovano orodje omogoča natančno izdelavo paketov brez večjega zamika lamel levo in desno izven idealne lege, rezultati testov za preverjanje vpliva moči in hitrosti na rez, pa so pokazali le omejen uspeh pri izboljšanju stanja robov. During the development process of a new product the designs encounter numerous changes, each one requiring prototype to be made, which needs to resemble the planned mass-produced products as much as possible. Thus, we strive to produce accurate and repeatable prototypes, which allow evaluation of the planned product and planning of the production processes needed for mass production. With regards to that we have within this final thesis designed and made a tool for producing prototypes of lamination stacks needed for a stator of an electric motor. We have also, with intention to ensure repeatability, checked the effects of laser cutting speed and power on the condition of cut edges of the lamellas, as laser cutting is used to produce them. The designed tool allows for accurate production of laminations stacks without major misalignment of the lamellas. However, the results of the tests intended to check the effects of laser cutting speed and power on cut edges showed only limited success at improving the quality of the edges.

V diplomski nalogi smo proučili in analizirali delovne procese določenega delovnega mesta v izbranem podjetju. Izbrano podjetje s sedežem v Mariboru, se že 12 let ukvarja z industrijo oz. obdelavo kovin ter izdelavo izdelkov, ki so v večini primerov namenjeni avtomobilski in traktorski industriji. V diplomski nalogi smo se osredotočili predvsem na laserski razrez, ki v podjetju predstavlja temelj izdelave določenega izdelka oz. polizdelka. Tako kot v večini podjetij, pa se tudi tukaj pojavljajo določene težave oz. napake v proizvodnji, ki negativno vplivajo na samo delovanje podjetja, kar se kaže predvsem v izgubi časa ter posledično denarja. V današnjem času je konkurenca teh podjetij tako velika, da se je zelo pomembno prilagajati okolju, prilagajati razmere in delo povpraševanju ter analizirati procese, ki podjetju predstavljajo izgubo in jih posledično poskušati odpraviti. V sami diplomski nalogi smo se dotaknili določenih teoretičnih temeljev, ki pripomorejo k izboljšavi delovanja podjetja. Podrobneje smo spoznali podjetje, njegove delovne procese in se predvsem osredotočili na delovno mesto laserskega razreza, ga analizirali, ter na podlagi analize podali predloge za izboljšavo in možne rešitve. Za izboljšavo obravnavanega problema, smo se odločili, da podamo predlog o uporabi metode 5S in metode celovitega produktivnega vzdrževanja, s pomočjo katerih bi podjetje postalo bolj organizirano, prav tako pa bi se na takšen način izognili izgubam. Podrobneje smo predstavili uporabo metode 5S ter metodo celovitega produktivnega vzdrževanja, ki smo jo uvedli v delovni proces in predstavili posamezne rezultate izboljšav. In the diploma, we examined and analyzed the work processes of a particular job position in the selected company. The selected company based in Maribor has been engaged in industry for 12 years. Metalworking and the manufacture of products are mostly intended for the car and tractor industries. Work processes and jobs are very significant in the company itself, which is why we focused mainly on laser cutting - the basis of the production of a particular product or the product and semi-finished products. Like in other companies, we can find some problems or mistakes like production errors, which have a negative impact on the company's own operation, which is mainly reflected in the loss of time, and consequently money. In this days the competition of these companies is so great that it is very important to adapt to the environment, to adapt the situation and work to demand, and to analyze the processes that represent the company's loss and consequently try to eliminate it. In the diploma we based on some theoretical foundations, which helped us to improve the company's performance. We got to know more about the company, its working processes and focused on the laser cutting job, analyzed it, and on the basis of the analysis, made suggestions for improvement and possible solutions. To improve this issue, we decided to propose the use of the 5S method and the comprehensive productive maintenance method, which would help the company become more organized and avoid losses in this way. We introduced some details of the use of 5S method as well as the full productive maintenance method, which was introduced into the work process and presented the individual results of improvements.

V diplomskem delu smo opisali izdelavo polnilne mize, ki lahko polni pločevinke, plastenke in steklenice na eni postaji. Cilj diplomskega dela je predstaviti tehnologijo izdelave polnilne mize, ki vključuje laserski razrez, upogibanje in varjenje po TIG-postopku. Poseben poudarek smo namenili laserskemu razrezu, na koncu pa je bila opravljena stroškovna analiza polnilne mize. Po izdelavi mize smo ugotovili, da je ta zelo zahtevna za izdelavo in sestavo, saj pri varjenju prihaja do torzije, kar prispeva k napakam pri končnih merah. Zato je bilo treba mizo dobro pričvrstiti na varilno mizo in z varjenjem na nasprotnih straneh uravnavati deformacije zaradi varjenja. Delo smo si malo olajšali tako, da smo to težavo vnaprej predvideli in na določena mesta dodali pritrdilne uhlje. V okviru diplomskega dela smo zajeli vse faze izdelave, in sicer od surovca do končnega izdelka. In the diploma thesis we described the production of a filling table that can fill cans, bottles and bottles at one station. The aim of the diploma thesis is to present the technology of manufacturing a filling table, which includes laser cutting, bending and welding according to the TIG procedure. Particular emphasis was placed on laser cutting, and finally, a cost analysis of the loading table was performed. After the table was made, we found that it was very difficult to manufacture and assemble, since torsion occurs during welding, which contributes to errors in the final dimensions. Therefore, it was necessary to secure the table well to the welding table and to adjust the deformation due to welding by welding on opposite sides. We made it a little easier by anticipating this problem and adding fixing earplugs to specific locations. The task covered all stages of production, from the workpiece to the finished product.

V diplomski nalogi je predstavljena uporaba tehnike zarezovanja dukte pri izdelavi izdelka. Cilj diplomske naloge je bil preskusiti različne vzorce zarezovanja, vpliv le-teh na upogibanje/krivljenje plošče ter zasnova izdelka z uporabo dukte tehnike in izdelava prototipa lesenega računalniškega ohišja. V prvem delu naloge smo preskušali različne vzorce zarezovanja vezane plošče in vpliv na upogibanje. Za izdelavo preizkušancev in izdelka smo uporabili furnirne vezane plošče različnih debelin, katere smo z laserjem različno zarezali ter jih testirali na tritočkovnem preizkusu, s posebno izdelanimi čeljustmi. Z izbranim vzorcem zarezovanja smo nato v programu SolidWorks zasnovali izdelek - računalniško ohišje. Izrez plašča z dukto vzorcem je bil izveden z laserskim razrezom. Pri izbiri tipa vzorca dukte so bili, poleg izgleda, pomembni tudi velikost radija, ki smo ga lahko dosegli pri krivljenju, velikost potrebne sile za ukrivitev dukte ter odpornost na dinamične obremenitve. The thesis presents the use of the “dukta” cutting technique in the manufacture of a product. The goal of the thesis was to test various cutting patterns, their impact on panel bending and product design using dukta patterns and the production of a prototype wooden computer case. In the first part of the research, we tested various patterns of cutting of plywood and their influence on bending. For the preparation of specimens and the product, we used plywood of different thicknesses, which were cut differently with a laser and tested using a three-point bending test with specially designed fixtures. We then designed in the SolidWorks computer program a wooden computer case using the selected cutting pattern. Laser cutting was used for cutting the computer case. Besides the appearance, the size of the radius which we could achieve in curvature, the size of the necessary force needed to bend the dukta pattern and the resistance to dynamic loads were all important when selecting the type of dukta cutting pattern used.

V letalski industriji se čedalje bolj uporabljo polimeri, ojačani z ogljikovimi vlakni(CFRP). CFRP kompoziti omogočajo izdelavo kompleksnih oblik, kar bistveno zmanjša število komponent in skupno težo, obenem pa omogočajo večjo trdnost izdelkov v primerjavi s konvencionalnimi materiali. Velika trdnost in heterogenost materiala predstavljata težave pri kontaktnem odrezovanju. Do težav pa prihaja tudi pri brezkontaktnem laserskem preoblikovanju. Epoksidna smola služi kot vezivo karbonskim vlaknom in je delno prosojna tako v vidnem kot v infrardečem spektru, kar povzroča slabo absortivnost laserske svetlobe. Preučili smo osnovne mehanizme laserske ablacije in preizkusili tezo o vmešavanju barvil epoksidni smoli za namene povečanja absorcije laserske svetlobe. S pomočjo podobne literature ter s sistemskim pristopom preizkušanja smo proučili tezo. Uporabili smo večino komercialno dostopnih barvil različnih panog ter tudi nekaj namensko razvitih pigmentov, namenjenih izključno laserskemu označevanju. Ugotovili smo, da barvila nekoliko izboljšajo rezalne lastnosti same epoksidne smole. Na obdelavo CFRP-jev je bistveno bolj kot obarvana epoksidna smola vplivala strategija rezov. Najučinkovitejše je odrezovanje z graviranjem, ki je sestavljeno iz kratkih prehodov rezanja pod kotom +-45◦. Ugotovili smo tudi pomembnost parametra ”prehod vrst”, ki narekuje zaporedje prehajanja vzorca graviranja. Rezultati potrjujejo tezo o povečanju absortivnosti obarvane epoksidne smole. Najpomembnejša ugotovitev je načrtno vodenje laserskega snopa za izboljšane rezalnih lastnosti CFRP materialov. In the aeronautical industry, carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) are increasingly used. CFRP composites enable the production of complex shapes, which leads to reduced number of required components, lower total weight and enables higher stength of the products comparing to the conventional materials. Great strength and the heterogeneity of the material present problems in contact machining. Problems also occur in non-contact laser processing. The epoxy resin serves as a binder for carbon fibers and is partially transparent in both the visible and the infrared spectrum, causing causing low absorption of laser light. We examined the basic mechanisms of laser ablation and tested the thesis about the dyeing of epoxy resins for the purpose of increasing the absorption of laser light. With the help of existing literature and by a systemativ experimental approach to the experiment, we examined the thesis. We used most of the commercially available dyes of various industries, as well as a few purpose-developed pigments exclusively dedicated to laser marking. We found that the dye slightly improve the cutting characteristics of the epoxy resin itself. Rather dyeing is significantly more important cutting patern. The most effective is engraving cuts, which consists of short cutting crossings at an angle of +- 45◦. We have found the importance of the parameter ''skip line'', which dictates the sequence of transitions of the sample engraving. The results confirm the thesis of increasing the absortiveness of the colored epoxy resin. The most important finding is the systematic management of the laser beam for improved cutting properties of CFRP materials.

Diplomsko delo prikazuje postopke mehanske obdelave, ki so potrebni za izdelavo škripca AL 100. V diplomskem delu je predstavljen potek dela od skiciranja neuspelih oziroma neuporabnih sistemov do nastanka skice sistema, ki se je v nadaljevanju izkazal kot primeren. Sledilo je modeliranje samozaporne gredi z vsemi ostalimi spremembami in dodatnimi deli. Po zaključku modeliranja je bil škripec izdelan in poslan v laboratorij za testiranje izdelkov za pridobitev certifikata. Pri kalkulacijah cen izdelave je bilo ugotovljeno, da se je sistem samozaporne gredi glede na staro izvedo podražil za 4,5 %. In ker se je izkazal za zelo praktičnega, uporabnega in predvsem varnega, se je podjetje odločilo da njegova prodajna cena ostane ista, po nekaj dodatnih testiranjih pa ga bodo vključili v proizvodnjo. This diploma thesis shows the mechanical processing procedures which are required for the manufacturing of an AL 100 pulley. The paper presents the work process from the sketching of failed or useless systems to the sketch of the system which finally proved to be appropriate. This was followed by the modelling of the self-locking beam with all the changes and additional work. Once the modelling was completed, the pulley was manufactured and sent to the product testing laboratory in order to obtain the certificate. When calculating the price of manufacturing, it was established that the system with the self-locking beam was by 4.5% more expensive than the previous version. As it has proven to be very practical, useful, and, most importantly, safe, the company decided not to change its selling price and once additional tests have been concluded, it will include it in production.

Diplomska naloga je nastala v sodelovanju s podjetjem Talum Izparilniki d.o.o., katero proizvaja Roll-Bond ploščate toplotne prenosnike. Predmet diplomskega dela je bilo poiskati primerno tehnologijo za izdelavo luknje v kanalski sistem Roll-Bond plošče, za potrebo serijske proizvodnje. V okviru praktičnega dela naloge je bilo opravljeno testiranje izreza luknje s CO2 laserskim strojem in s CNC rezkalnim strojem. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da uporaba laserja ni ustrezna za izrezovanje lukenj v Roll-Bond plošče. Prav tako je ekonomska učinkovitost laserja neupravičena. Kot mnogo boljša rešitev se je izkazalo odrezavanje z rezkarjem, ki je v našem primeru tehnološko kot tudi ekonomsko učinkovitejše. Thesis was created in cooperation with the company Talum Izparilniki d.o.o., which it produces flat Roll-Bond thermal heat exchangers. Subject of the thesis is to find suitable technology for making holes in channel system of a Roll-Bond panels in needs of serial production. Within the practical part of the task, a hole cut test was performed on a CO2 laser machine and on a CNC milling machine. It was found that the use of a laser is not apropriate for cutting holes in the Roll-Bond panels. Also, the economic efficiency of the laser is unjustified. Cutting with a milling cutter has turned out as a much better solution. In our case, it is also technologically and economicaly more efficient.

Cilj diplomskega dela je bil razvoj, izdelava in preizkus laserskega CNC rezalnika, ki je sposoben rezati pločevino do debeline 2mm. Uporabljen je bil vlakenski laser moči 400W. Sistem je bil zasnovan tako da je možno vertikalno prilagajati višino glede na debelino pločevine. Za vodenje laserskega žarka je uporabljena pozicionirna miza, povezana s krmilnikom ter nato z osebnim računalnikom. Rezultat diplomskega dela je CNC laserski rezalnik, ki je prilagojen potrebam laboratorija in je enostaven za uporabo. Sistem omogoča razrez jeklene pločevine do debeline 2mm, s pomiki do 7000 mm/min. Širina reza znaša 0,12 mm. Goal of diploma is to develop, make and try CNC laser cutter capable of cutting sheet metal of thickness 2 mm. 400W fiber laser was used. System is designed in that way that it is possible to adjust height based on different sheet thickness. For guidance of laser beam, positioning table is used, connected with controller and personal computer. The result of diploma is CNC laser cutter adapted for needs of laboratory and is easy to use. System is capable to cut steel sheet thickness of up to 2 mm, with speeds up to 7000 mm/min. Width of cut is 0, 12 mm.

Namen diplomske naloge je bil oblikovati sodobno žensko kolekcijo z inspiracijo v ročnih tehnikah. Inspiracija je izhajala iz prepleta niti pri pletenih košarah, kar je vodilo do raziskave in eksperimentiranja s tehniko ročnega tkanja. V teoretičnem delu sem temeljito raziskala tehniko tkanja, njeno zgodovino in razvoj ter uporabo ročnega tkanja v sodobnem življenju in modnih kolekcijah. Prav tako sem proučila razvoj digitalnega tiska in laserskega izreza ter njuno uporabo v sodobnih kolekcijah. V eksperimentalnem delu je predstavljen celoten proces razvoja kolekcije z izhodiščem v ročnem tkanju. Pojasnila sem, kako sem prišla do končne, uporabljene tehnike in kako sem jo vključila v samo kolekcijo. Razložen je tudi celoten proces izbiranja barv in materialov. The objective of my thesis was to design a modern women’s collection, inspired by handweaving techniques. The inspiration came from the interlaced threads in weave baskets and led to research and experiments with the handweaving technique. Theoretical part of the thesis thoroughly explains the weaving technique, its history and development and its usage in the modern world, especially in fashion. I explored the development of digital printing and laser cutting and their usage in the modern fashion collections. Experimental part represents the whole process of designing a collection based on a handwoven texture. It explains the methods that led to the chosen technique and its integration into the collection. It also elaborates the process of choosing colours and materials.

V diplomskem delu smo predstavili pomen laserskega razreza v kovinsko predelovalni industriji ter kako izdelati informacijsko rešitev za izračunu stroškov laserskega razreza, s katero bodo v podjetju Ključavničarstvo Ajd d. o. o. izboljšali in pohitrili proces izračuna stroškov ter izdajanja predračunov in sprejemanja naročil. Naša informacijska rešitev temelji na okolju JAVA. The thesis presents the importance of laser cutting in the metal processing industry and the development of information solution for calculating the cost of laser cutting, which will be used by metal processing company Ključavničarstvo Ajd d. o. o. to improve and speed up the process of calculating costs and issuing proforma invoices and accepting orders for laser cutting of sheet metal. Our information solution is based on the JAVA environment.

Diplomska naloga obravnava konstruiranje vpenjalne priprave za določevanje rezine transfernega orodja. Naloga najprej predstavi značilnosti orodja in osnovno vpenjalno pripravo za laserski razrez. Prikazan je celoten postopek in način konstruiranja priprave ter postopek določevanja rezine orodja s pomočjo laserskega stroja. Na koncu so podani še merilni rezultati in korekcija rezine na kritičnem področju vleka. Glede na teoretično določeno rezino, jo raziskovalno delo primerja z dejansko odrezano rezino, ter prikaže postopek dosega naročnikove zahtevane tolerance. This thesis deals with the design of a laser cutting fixture design and the determination of the cutting edge on a transfer tool. The work first presents the tool’s functions and the basics of the laser cutting fixture. The project is designed to show the whole procedure of fixture design and the determination of the cutting edge with a laser cutting machine. At the end of the work, both the measurement results and the correction of the cutting edge itself on a specific critical area are shown. Depending on the theoretically determined cutting edge, the research work compares it with the actual cutting edge and shows the procedure for achieving the buyers requested tolerance.

Zaključna naloga opisuje izdelavo oblikovnih jeder orodja za brizganje filigransko natančnih mrežic, ki v vodnih pipah zagotavljajo laminarni tok. Problem predstavlja izdelava čepov v obliki šestkotnikov na zgornji površini jedra. V nalogi so predstavljene in primerjane različne tehnologije izdelave oblike z vidika stroškov, ki nastanejo med izdelavo, in kakovosti površine po obdelavi. Ugotovili smo, da bi najboljše rezultate dosegli s postopkom frezanja, medtem ko s postopkom laserskega odvzema materiala in elektrokemijske obdelave najbrž ne bi dosegli zahtevane kakovosti obdelane površine. Seminar paper describes the manufacture of tool core used to craft filigree precise flow regulators, which provide a streamline flow in water faucets. What may represent a problem is the manufacture of the hexagonally shaped plug located on the upper surface of the core. In paper we compare different types of the hexagonal shape manufacture technologies from the viewpoint of their expenses, which occur during the manufacture as well as the final surface quality. It has been discovered that best results can be achieved by the process of milling. Laser cutting and electrochemical machining, on the other hand, do not achieve a required surface quality.

V diplomski nalogi smo primerjali obstoječi postopek izdelave rotorja strešnega ventilatorja, ki se ga poslužujejo v podjetju Klima Celje, z izboljšanim postopkom. Za razvoj novega načina izdelave smo se odločili zaradi povpraševanja na trgu ter konkurenčnosti podjetij. Primerjali smo dva, v praksi najpogosteje uporabljena, načina razreza materiala, to je plazemski in laserski razrez. Z razvojem smo želeli čim ceneje, hitreje ter natančneje izdelati rotor strešnega ventilatorja. Ugotovili smo, da je plazemski razrez, ki je sicer v podjetju v uporabi, cenejši od laserskega razreza, vendar je kvaliteta izdelka slabša. Laserski razrez je natančnejši od plazemskega razreza, kar omogoča krajši čas in lažjo sestavo rotorja. Poleg tega je zaradi natančnosti laserskega razreza težišče rotorja boljše, natančnejši pa je tudi kot naleganja lopatic. Na koncu smo tudi izračunali, kolikšna bi bila cena rotorja pri serijski proizvodnji desetih, stotih in tisočih rotorjev, če bi upoštevali popust na količino. In the diploma thesis the existing manufacturing process of the roof fan rotor is compared with streamlined manufacturing process. The entire manufacturing process is carried out in the company Klima Celje. Because of the better competitive position and market requests we decided to implement new manufacturing method of the roof fan rotor. In diploma thesis were compared the two most common cutting processes which are plasma cutting and laser cutting. With the new development we tried to implement more cost effective, in a more precise way as fast as possible to produce roof fan rotor. It was found out that plasma cutting is more cost effective but on the other hand the quality of the cut is much worse in comparison with laser cutting. Laser cutting is more accurate than plasma cutting, which allows us shorter assembly time of rotor in the assembly process. Furthermore, the center of gravity of the rotor is by cutting with laser better. Also angle of contact surface of the rotor blade is much better. In the end of the diploma thesis the price of the rotor by series of ten, hundred and thousand parts was calculated. Quantity discounts of the production processes of the rotor were also considered in the calculation.

Globalni trg in vse večja konkurenčnost na trgu usmerjata podjetja v investiranje v sodobne proizvodne tehnologije, ki so prilagodljivejše in produktivnejše. Nekonvencionalni postopki rezanja so se razvili do te stopnje, da v današnjem času predstavljajo nepogrešljiv tehnološki proces pri izdelavi določenega izdelka. Med najbolj razširjene postopke rezanja tako spadajo plazemsko, lasersko rezanje in rezanje z abrazivnim vodnim curkom. Vsaka od navedenih tehnologij rezanja ima svoje specifične fizikalne in tehnološke značilnosti, ki pomembno vplivajo na izbiro optimalnega postopka rezanja. Te značilnosti so v nalogi podrobno preučene in primerjane med seboj za izbrane postopke rezanja. Preučili pa smo tudi produktivnost in proizvajalne stroške posamezne tehnologije pri rezanju elementov iz konstrukcijskega jekla, nerjavnega jekla in aluminija. Ekonomska učinkovitost posamezne tehnologije rezanja je ugotovljena na podlagi primerjave strukture stroškov. V zaključku pa so predstavljene ključne prednosti in smernice razvoja posamezne tehnologije. Global market and increasing competitiveness on the market, lead companies to invest into modern production technologies, which are more flexible and more productive. Unconventional cutting processes have developed to this extent that they nowadays represent indispensable technological process in the manufacture of a certain product. The most prevalent cutting processes are plasma cutting, laser cutting and abrasive waterjet cutting. Each of these cutting technologies has specific physical and technological features which have important impact on the selection of optimal cutting process. In this paper we have closely examined and compared these features of selected cutting processes. We have also examined the productivity and the production costs of each technology when cutting elements of structural steel, stainless steel and aluminium. Economic efficiency of a certain cutting technology is identified by comparing the cost structure. In the closure we have presented key advantages and development directions of selected technologies.

Da bi podjetja v teh modernih časih bila konkurenčna, morajo iti v korak s časom. Ne gledajo več samo na hitrost, ampak je vedno več povpraševanja po zmogljivosti in fleksibilnosti obdelovalnih procesov. Še vedno ena najbolj priljubljenih postopkov rezanja, sta vsekakor rezanje z laserjem in vodnim curkom. Kljub temu, da imata veliko prednosti in slabosti, pa sta dva popolnoma različna postopka. [1] Rezanje z laserjem je zelo hiter obdelovalni postopek, omejen z nekaterimi materiali in debelino rezanja. Laserski žarek s pomočjo plina topi ali pa uparja material. Na drugi strani, je rezanje z vodnim curkom postopek, kjer voda pod visokim pritiskom, skupaj z abrazivom potuje proti obdelovancu, kjer erodira material in tako ustvarja rez. V diplomski nalogi je prikazana primerjalna metoda, ki nam na podlagi rezultatov poda ugotovitev, kateri obdelovalni postopek je bolj primeren glede na zahtevane želje in potrebe kupca. To be competitive in modern times, companies have to go with the time. In the field of industry cutting, the focus is shifting away from only speedy cutting machines. More and more companies today demand also power and flexibility in the cutting process. One of the most popular cutting processes are definitely laser cutting and water jet cutting. Although they have a lots of advantages and disadvantages, they are two completely different process. [1] Laser cutting is a very fast processing method, which is limited to certain materials and the thickness of the cut. The laser beam, with the help of the gas, melts or vaporizes the material. On the other hand, water jet cutting is process, where water under high pressure, along with the abrasive, travels toward the workpiece, where the material is eroded and so cut. In this bachelor thesis, we will use the comparative method. With the results of the comparison, we will get a conclusion, which method is better for the costumer.

V diplomskem delu je prikazana celotna tehnologija izdelave trgalnika papir, ki ga uporabljajo na bencinskih servisih. Največ pozornosti je v diplomski nalogi namenjeno operaciji globokega vleka, zanj je izdelana konstrukcija prototipnega orodja in predstavljena določitev sile pridržanja pločevine na analitično, numerično in z eksperimentiranjem. Cilj diplomske naloge je predstavitev tehnološkega postopka s poudarkom na preoblikovanju pločevine. Predstavljen je tehnološki postopek s poenostavljenim preoblikovalnim orodjem in izbrano tehnologijo. Konstrukcija orodja je izvedena s programom CATIA V5R20, simulacija vleka pa s programom AutoFormplusR5. In this study, the technology regarding the production of a paper cutter used at service stations is presented. The most attention is dedicated to the sheet metal forming process deep drawing ,for which the construction of a prototypical tool was produced and determination of blank holding force of sheet metal was showed with analytical, numerical and experimental techniques. The goal of this study is to present the technological process with the emphasis on sheet metal forming. In addition, the technological process with the simplified forming tools and a chosen technology is presented. The tool construction was made by CATIA V5R20, and the deep drawing simulation by AUTOFORMplusR5

V industriji se pogosto pojavlja vprašanje, kako bi lahko proizvedli več, v krajšem času, z boljšim izkoristkom časa in materiala, bolj kvalitetno, in če bi lahko to dosegli že z zamenjavo tehnološke opreme. Skušali smo ugotoviti, če je laserska tehnika, že uporabljana na mnogih zelo različnih področjih, primerna tudi za rezanje vlaknenih plošč. S CO2 laserskim sistemom smo razrezali 9 preskušancev 3 debelin, po metodi lameliranja z različnimi laserskimi parametri. Analizo širine in površine laserskih rezov smo opravili po metodi laserske triangulacije. Opazovali smo vpliv rezalne hitrosti, debeline plošč, pomožnega laserskega plina in položaja fokusne razdalje na širino reza, na katerega sta najbolj vplivali rezalna hitrost in položaj fokusne razdalje. Z naraščajočo rezalno hitrostjo in s pomikom fokusne razdalje bolj proti sredici plošče se je širina reza manjšala. Z analizo površin laserskih rezov smo ugotovili hrapavost, ukrivljenost in poševnost rezanih površin. Največji vpliv na te parametre sta imeli rezalna hitrost in debelina materiala, z njunim naraščanjem se je povečevala hrapavost in poševnost površin, radij ukrivljenosti pa zmanjševal. The never ending question asked in our industry is how to produce more, better, using less time and material, and if all these can be done by changing the technological equipment. Therefore, we tried to find out if the laser technology used in many different areas, could also serve for cutting of fiber boards. To do it the CO2 laser system was used. Using a method of lameling with various laser parameters, 9 testers of different thickness were cut. The analysis of width and surface of laser cuts was performed by a laser triangulation method. The influence of cutting speed, board thickness, additional laser gas, and position of focus distance on width of the cut were observed. The main factors influencing the width of cut were cutting speed and the position of focus distance. Rising the cutting speed and moving the focus distance towards the middle of board thickness, the cutting width diminishes. The roughness, curvature and obliquity of cut surfaces were assessed by an analysis of laser cut surfaces. The cutting speed and thickness of material have the main influence on these parameters. Increasing the cutting speeds and material thickness the roughness and obliqueness of surfaces rise, but the curving radius reduces.

V našem podjetju uporabljamo za izdelavo polizdelkov malih serij laserske obdelovalne sisteme, kateri omogočajo veliko fleksibilnost obdelave, poleg tega pa za izdelavo ne potrebujemo dragih namenskih orodij. V proizvodnji smo se hitro srečali s tehnološkim problemom, kako povečati produktivnost strojev in pri tem doseči ustrezno kvaliteto laserskega rezanja. Ugotovili smo, da kljub temu, da se celotni sistem obnaša zelo inteligentno, veliko časa izgubimo zaradi neustrezno definiranih tehnoloških parametrov rezanja in neustreznih nastavitev stroja. Glede na to smo se lotili optimizacije rezalnih parametrov, izdelali smo mikroskopsko analizo rezanih materialov ter izdelali ustrezne tehnološke baze materialov, katere obdelujemo na naših strojih. Z ustreznim definiranjem baz materialov v samem stroju ter izdelanimi tabelami napak smo povečali izkoristek naših rezalnih strojev do 20% in znižali porabo rezalnega plina. Na ta način sedaj programer in operater stroja uporabljata enake rezalne parametre, poleg tega pa je poenoten sam način nastavitve stroja med posameznimi operaterji. In our Small series production we are using laser cutting machines which allow us high processing flexibility and furthermore, we do not need any special tools which are usually very expensive. In the production we faced quite quickly a technological problem: how to increase the productivity of our laser machines and at the same time achieve suitable quality of laser cutting. Although the laser systems are designed as intelligent systems, we lost a lot of time due to unsuitably defined technological cutting parameters and inadequate machine settings. Consequently, we decided to optimize cutting parameters and we carried out microscopic analyses of materials which we process on our machines in order to define appropriate technological bases of materials. With properly defined bases of materials and tables of eventual defects, we have increased the efficiency of our laser cutting machines up to 20%. We have also reduced gas consumption during laser cutting. From now on our programmers and operators use the same databases of cutting parameters, besides, the mode of machine setting among individual operators has been unified.

V diplomi so predstavljene tehnologije, ki se uporabljajo pri izdelavi traktorskih prikolic. Na kratko je opisano samo podjetje in organizacija znotraj njega. Podrobneje so prikazane tehnologije, ki se uporabljajo pri izdelavi traktorskih prikolic, lasersko in plazemsko rezanje ter upogibanje pločevine. Na podlagi teh tehnologij je prikazan primer izdelave pločevine blatnika – vse od delavniške risbe, pripisovanja delovnih postopkov, izdelovanja programa za lasersko rezanje in upogibanje pločevine ter do končnega varjenja stičnih mest. Zaradi potrebe po inovacijah v podjetju je prikazana možnost izboljšave proizvodnega procesa traktorskih prikolic. Ta inovacija teži k izdelovanju izdelkov po zahtevi kupcev. In the graduation thesis are presents technologies which are used in the manufacture of tractor trailers. There is short presentation of company and organization within. Technologies which are used in the manufacture of tractor trailers are described in detail. These technologies are laser cutting, plasma cutting and bending sheet metal. Based on these technologies is an example of manufacturing sheet metal fenders. All of workshop drawings, the attribution of work processes, making the program for laser cutting, bending sheet metal and welding the final points of contact. Because is needed innovation in the enterprise, is shown the possibility of manufacturing process improvements tractor trailers. This innovation aims to manufacture products according to customer requirements.

Laserska tehnologija doživlja velike rasti po celem svetu, saj se je laser izkazal kot vsestransko orodje, ki obdeluje najzahtevnejše izdelke z največjo kakovostjo. Prikazan je postopek programiranja CO2 laserskega stroja in dodatne možnosti, ki nam jih ponuja programsko okolje TruTops 1.2.1. Opravljene so analize laserskega reza pločevine s 3D optičnim merilnikom in primerjava CAD modela z izrezanim. Prikazane so oblike obdelovancev, pri katerih morejo programerji laserskega stroja biti posebej pozorni pri določevanju tehnologije reza. S primerjavo vzorcev se je izkazalo, da gre za zelo natančno tehnologijo, katera upravičuje visoke začetne investicijske stroške. Laser technology is experiencing strong growth all around the world, as the laser proved to be a versatile tool for handling the most demanding products with the highest quality. The thesis presents a programming procedure for CO2 laser machine and additional options, offered by the TruTops 1.2.1 software environment. Conducted were the analyses of laser cutting sheet metal with a 3D optical meter and a comparison of the CAD model with the one being cut out. Shown are the types of work pieces, where the laser machine programmers have to be especially careful by determining the cutting technology. In comparing samples it proved that we are dealing with a high-precision technology, which justifies the high initial investment costs.