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Otroci zaradi njihove ranljivosti, občutljivosti in položaja v družbi uživajo posebno varstvo. Družinski zakonik je zato na področje družinskega prava vpeljal vrsto novosti, s katerimi se zasleduje izboljšanje položaja otroka, učinkovito zagotavlja uresničevanje načela otrokove koristi in preprečuje morebitno ogroženost otroka v domačem okolju. Primarno so za skrb, vzgojo, varstvo in splošno dobrobit otroka odgovorni starši, v okviru instituta starševske skrbi. Država lahko in mora v ta odnos poseči, kadar otrok odrašča v družinskem okolju, ki ni ustrezno za njegov razvoj in je s tem ogrožena njegova korist. V tem primeru Družinski zakonik podaja sodiščem in centrom za socialno delo splošno pooblastilo za izvedbo dejanj in izrek ter izvajanje ukrepov za varstvo koristi otrok. Novost, ki jo je uvedel Družinski zakonik je poenotenje ukrepov in postopkov odločanja o ukrepih za varstvo otrokove koristi. O ukrepih odloča sodišče v nepravdnem postopku, ki je nujen in hiter s čimer se učinkoviteje izvaja načelo otrokove koristi. Magistrsko diplomsko delo predstavlja ukrepe za varstvo otrokove koristi, med katere Družinski zakonik uvršča začasne odredbe, nujni odvzem otroka, ter večji sklop trajnejših ukrepov za varstvo otrokove koristi: omejitev starševske skrbi, odločitev o zdravniškem pregledu ali zdravljenju, omejitev ali odvzem pravice do stikov, odvzem otroka staršem, namestitev otroka v zavod in odvzem starševske skrbi. Intenzivnost ukrepov si sledi glede na stopnjo ogroženosti otroka. Večja kot je ogroženost otroka, strožji in bolj omejevalni ukrep bo izreklo sodišče. Due to their vulnerability, sensitivity and position in society, children are provided with special support and protection. Therefore the Family Code has brought a number of novelties in the field of family law, which aim to improve the situation of the child, effectively ensure the implementation of the principle of the best interest of the child and prevent specific danger to children in the home environment. Parents are primarily responsible for the upbringing, care and wellbeing of the child, within the framework of an insitute of Parental care. The state can and must intervene in the family relationship, when the child grows up in a family environment that is not suitable for his development and thus his best interests are endangered. When this occurs, the Family Code has given the courts and social services a general authority to take actions and impose the child. A novelty brought by the Family Code is a unified system of measures and procedures on measures for the protection of the best interest of a child. The measures are decided by a court in non-contentious proceedings which implement the principle of best interests of a child more effectively. This master thesis presents measures for the protection of best interests of a child among which the Family Code includes interlocutory injunctions, urgent child abduction and a set of long-term measures to protect the best interests of the child: restriction of parental care, decision about medical examination or treatment, restriction or removal of the right to contact, removal of a child, placement of a child in an institution and removal of parental care. The intensity of measures is determined according to the level of risk to the child. The greater the risk to the child, the more restrictive the measures will be.

V diplomskem delu so opredeljeni sistem prispevkov za socialno varnost v Sloveniji in pravice, pridobljene na podlagi plačevanja prispevkov za socialno varnost. Primerjani so slovenski sistem in socialne pravice ter sistema socialne varnosti v Avstriji in na Madžarskem. Opredeljene so podobnosti med temi tremi državami, kakor tudi razlike, prednosti in slabosti. Za raziskovanje so bile uporabljene različne metodologije: deskriptivna metoda (proučevanje pojava na podlagi opisovanja dejstev, odnosov in procesov brez vzročnega pojasnjevanja), komparativna metoda (proučevanje na podlagi primerjanja dejstev, odnosov in procesov z namenom odkrivanja podobnosti, razlik, prednosti in slabosti), študija primera (pristop k raziskovanju procesov in postopkov s pomočjo proučevanja posameznih primerov) in eksplorativna ali povezovalna metoda (spoznavanje nekega področja in njegove problematike). Med raziskovanjem je bilo ugotovljeno, da med državami ni večjih razlik pri prispevkih za socialno varnost. Obstajajo manjše razlike, ki pa drastično ne vplivajo na pravice in ugodnosti, ki jih uživajo zavarovanci na podlagi plačevanja prispevkov. Pokazale so se manjše težave pri pridobivanju informacij. Pisnih virov je izredno malo oziroma skoraj nič, še posebej v primeru drugih dveh držav. Prav tako je bilo težko priti do kontaktov, ki bi zagotovili verodostojne informacije, vendar se je na koncu skoraj za vsa raziskovalna vprašanja našel odgovor. Spoznanje ob zaključku diplomskega dela je bilo, da so v vsaki državi prednosti in slabosti ter da bi vsaka država lahko nekaj prevzela od druge. In the bachelor’s thesis, the system of social security contributions in Slovenia and the rights acquired on the basis of the payment of social security contributions are defined. Slovenian system and social rights and the social security system in Austria and in Hungary are compared. The similarities of these three countries are defined, as well as differences, advantages, and disadvantages. Different methodologies were used for the research: the descriptive method (studying of the phenomenon based on describing the facts, relationships, and processes without any sample explanation), the comparative method (studying on the basis of the comparison of facts, relationships and processes with the purpose of discovering similarities, differences, advantages, and disadvantages), the case study (an approach to studying the processes and procedures by means of studying of individual cases), and the exploratory or integrative method (being acquainted with an area and its issues). In researching the topic of the bachelor’s thesis, it was ascertained that there were no significant differences in social security contributions between those countries. There are some minor differences. However, they do not affect the rights and benefits, enjoyed by the insured persons on the basis of contributions, drastically. Within the framework of researching this topic, minor difficulties in obtaining information occurred. There are very few or almost no written sources, especially in the case of Austria and Hungary. It was also difficult to find people who would provide credible information. In the final analysis, however, almost all research questions were answered accurately. The finding at the conclusion of the bachelor’s thesis was that in every country there are advantages and disadvantages and that each country could learn or assume something good from the other two countries.

Otroci so najranljivejši subjekt družbe, zato jim je treba nameniti posebno varstvo. To naj bi bilo vsakemu otroku zagotovljeno v njegovi družini. Vendar zaradi različnih vzrokov otroci ne morejo vedno živeti v svoji biološki družini. V tem primeru mora vmes poseči država in otroka zaščititi ter mu zagotoviti odraščanje v urejenem okolju. Za varstvo otrokovih koristi obstajajo različni ukrepi, eden izmed njih je posvojitev. Posvojitev ureja Družinski zakonik, ki je v veljavi od 15. aprila 2019 in je nadomestil Zakon o zakonski zvezi in družinskih razmerjih. Ena izmed novosti, ki jih je uvedel Družinski zakonik, je prenos pristojnosti odločanja o posvojitvah na sodišča. Prej so postopke v celoti vodili centri za socialno delo, ki imajo po novem pristojnost le za podajanje mnenj, ki sodišču pomagajo pri sprejemanju končnih odločitev. Pomembna novost je tudi institut podelitve starševske skrbi sorodniku. S tem institutom je rešena dilema glede posvojitve sorodnika v ravni vrsti oziroma brata ali sestre, ki je v Sloveniji prepovedana. Sorodniku, ki je pripravljen prevzeti vzgojo in varstvo otroka mrtvih staršev, se lahko podeli starševska skrb. Starševska skrb bo sorodniku podeljena le, če bo v skladu z otrokovo koristjo. Pri vseh postopkih, ki zadevajo otroke, je namreč treba upoštevati otrokovo korist, ki je z Družinskim zakonikom povzdignjena na raven načela. Children, as the most vulnerable part of our society, require special care. This care should be provided for every child in his family. However, due to various reasons children cannot always grow up in their biological families. In order to protect those children and provide them with healthy environment, the state has to intervene. There are many different measures to ensure the best interests of a child. One of those measures is adoption. Since 15 April 2019 adoption is regulated by the Family Code which replaced the Marriage and Family Relations Act. One of the novelties, introduced by the Family Code, is the transfer of competence. Earlier the adoption procedure was led by social work centres. According to the regulations of the Family Code social work centres only have the competence to provide opinions and advice to courts, which are now in charge of adoption procedure. Furthermore, the Family Code incorporated the new institute of granting parental care to a relative. This saved the dilemma of adopting a relative, which is prohibited in Slovenian legal system. Parental care is granted to a relative, who agrees to raise and take care of a child whose parents died. However, parental care can only be granted if it is in accordance with child's benefits. The child's benefit was elevated into a principle by the Family Code and has to be taken into account in all procedures where children are concerned.

Otroci so najranljivejši člen naše družbe, zato je pomembno, da je zaščita njihovih pravic in koristi primarna skrb slovenske zakonodaje. Dokler otrokove pravice in obveznosti ne pridejo navzkriž s pravicami in obveznostmi drugih, država v razmerje ne sme poseči. Ker je na žalost konfliktov v družinskih razmerjih veliko, je država vedno znova postavljena v položaj, ko mora pretehtati, kako priti do sorazmerja med otrokovimi pravicami in obveznosti ter pravicami in obveznostmi drugih. Pravni standard otrokove koristi je tukaj ključnega pomena, saj nam predstavlja cilj, h kateremu stremimo, ko se konflikt pojavi. Magistrsko delo predstavlja, kako sta otrok in varstvo njegovih koristi urejena v novi ureditvi ukrepov otrokovih koristi, ki je bila sprejeta v Družinskem zakoniku 15. aprila 2017. Družinski zakonik bo v veljavo stopil 15. aprila 2019 ter nadomestil Zakon o zakonski zvezi in družinskih razmerjih, ki je že klical po bolj posodobljenih ureditvah na družinskem področju. Pred sprejetjem so se razmerja urejala v pravdnih, nepravdnih in upravnih postopkih, le ta porazdeljenost pa je včasih imela za posledico, da otrokove koristi niso bile najbolj učinkovito zaščitene. Sprejetje Družinskega zakonika je zaradi prejšnje, razpršene ureditve močno dobrodošlo, saj smo dobili urejeno, enotno in sistematično zakonodajo na področju ukrepov varstva koristi otrok. Children are the most vulnerable part of our society. Therefore, it is important that the primary concern of Slovenian legislation is the protection of their rights and interests. If children's rights and obligations do not clash with those of others, the state cannot interfere. However, because there are many conflicts in family relations, the state needs to consider and establish a balance between children's rights and obligations and the rights and obligations of others. The legal standard of children's interests is of key importance here, because it represents the goal towards which we strive when the conflict occurs. The thesis presents how children and the protection of their interests are regulated in the new arrangement of measures for the protection of children’s interests that was accepted in the Family Code on April 15th 2017. The Family Code will become effective on April 15th 2019 and will replace the Marriage and Family Relations Act which already strived towards modernised arrangements in the family sphere. However, before the passing of the new law, relations were arranged in litigation, contentious and administrative proceedings. As a result, children’s interests were not always effectively protected. The passing of the Family Code shows improvement in comparison to the previously sprawling arrangement, because we now have an ordered, unified and systematic legislation concerning measures for the protection of children’s interests.

Magistrsko delo obravnava problematiko perfekcionizma v povezavi z odnosi s starši med otrokovim odraščanjem ter kasnejšim pojavom tesnobe in depresije. Teoretični del zato vključuje pregled področja perfekcionizma v povezavi s starševstvom, tesnobo in depresijo. Najprej je zajeta problematika opredelitve perfekcionizma z vidika različnih perspektiv, nato pa so predstavljene morebitne razlike v možganski strukturi, po spolu in starosti glede na prisotnost perfekcionizma. Predstavljeni so tudi različni dejavniki, ki jih je treba upoštevati pri razvoju perfekcionizma, s poudarkom na starševstvu. Sledi obravnava perfekcionizma v povezavi s posameznikovimi izkušnjami iz primarne družine ter kasnejšim pojavom tesnobe in depresije. V okviru empiričnega dela je predstavljena raziskava, katere glavni namen je bil raziskati povezanost med perfekcionizmom, posameznikovim doživljanjem odnosa s starši med odraščanjem ter kasnejšim pojavom tesnobe in depresije. Obenem so nas zanimale tudi razlike glede na spol in starost v pojavljanju perfekcionizma ter razlike po spolu glede odnosa s starši. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 454 udeležencev, ki so poleg splošnih vprašanj odgovarjali tudi na tri vključene vprašalnike (Frostovo lestvico perfekcionizma, Vprašalnik vezi s starši ter Lestvico depresije, anksioznosti in stresa). Rezultati so pokazali, da je neprilagojeni perfekcionizem povezan s pomanjkanjem ljubeče skrbi in pretirano zaščitniškim vedenjem s strani staršev ter s tesnobo in depresijo. Prav tako se je izkazalo, da je tudi prilagojeni perfekcionizem povezan s tesnobo in depresijo, medtem ko se slednji statistično pomembno ne povezuje s skrbjo ali zaščito staršev. Se pa pomanjkanje skrbi ter pretirana zaščita staršev povezujeta s pojavom tesnobe in depresije. Ugotovljeno je bilo tudi, da med spoloma ni razlik v pojavu prilagojenega in neprilagojenega perfekcionizma ter v pretirani zaščiti staršev. So pa razlike glede na starost v dimenziji prilagojenega perfekcionizma, kjer se je izkazalo, da so posamezniki v pozni adolescenci bolj perfekcionistični v primerjavi s srednjo oziroma pozno odraslostjo. This master's thesis deals with the problems with perfectionism in relation to parental bonds during a child's upbringing and the later occurence of anxiety and depression. The theoretical part therefore includes an overview of the field of perfectionism in relation to parenting, anxiety and depression. First of all, the problems of defining perfectionism from different perspectives are covered, and then the possible differences in brain structure, gender and age regarding to the presence of perfectionism. Different factors that need to be acknowledged in the development of perfectionism are also presented, with emphasis on parenting. This will be followed by an analysis on perfectionism in relation to an individual's experience in their primary family and the later occurence of anxiety and depression. Within the empirical work, a study is presented, the main purpose of which was to investigate the correlation between perfectionism, the individual's perception of their relationship with their parents in adolescence, and the later onset of anxiety and depression. We were also interested in gender and age differences in relation to their relationship with their parents. 454 people participated in the survey, who, in addition to general questions, answered three questionnaires (Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Parental bonding instrument and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales). The results showed that unadapted perfectionism is correlated with a lack of loving care and over-protective behavior by parents, and with anxiety and depression. It has also been shown that adapted perfectionism is also correlated with anxiety and depression, while the latter is statistically irrelevant to the care or protection of parents. However, age differences in the realm of adapted perfectionism have shown that individuals in late adolescence are more perfectionistic compared to middle or late adulthood.

Magistrsko delo obravnava fenomen sindroma pretirano ambicioznih staršev na eni ter pravico otrok do igre ter prostega časa na drugi strani. Da bi ugotovili, ali je sindrom pretirano ambicioznih staršev nekaj, kar je mogoče zaznati v resničnem življenju in ne zgolj v teoriji, smo se lotili raziskovanja, v smislu obdelave podatkov, ki so na voljo in zadevajo to področje. Ker pretirana ambicioznost staršev vpliva na povečan obseg obveznosti njihovih otrok ter s tem na čas, ki ga otrok lahko nameni prostemu času in igri, smo ugotavljali, kaj sploh je prosti čas in kaj igra. Ugotovili smo, da je otrokom že v mednarodnih aktih zagotovljena pravica do prostega časa in igre, ki bi jo tako starši kot tudi ostali, morali spoštovati. Starši imajo določene pravice ter dolžnosti oziroma obveznosti, ki se nanašajo na izobraževanje in vzgojo otrok, poskrbeti pa morajo tudi za njihov celovit razvoj. Njihovo glavno vodilo mora biti otrokova korist. Ambiciozni starši imajo visoka pričakovanja in veliko ambicij, ki zadevajo njihove otroke. Da bi jih ti dosegli oziroma uresničili, starši pretirano pritiskajo nanje. Otroci postajajo vedno bolj obremenjeni s šolskimi obveznosti, dodatno pa jih obremenjujejo še vedno bolj organizirane in strukturirane interesne dejavnosti. Zaradi teh jim premalo časa ostane za dejavnosti, ki bi jih lahko prilagodili svojim željam in interesom. Predvsem pa jim zmanjka časa za igro, glede katere je ugotovljeno, da ima pozitiven vpliv na razvoj otrok. The master's thesis deals with the emergence of an over-ambitious parent syndrome on one hand, and the right of children to play and spare time on the other. To find out if the syndrome of too ambitious parents is something that can be detected in real life, and not only in theory, we began to research in terms of data processing that is available and relevant to this field. Since the over-ambition of parents causes the increased scope of their children's obligations and thus impacts the time that a child can devote to free time and play, we tried to find out what the free time and play really are. We found out, that children already have guaranteed right to free time and play in international acts, which both parents and others should respect. Parents have certain rights and obligations that relate to the education and upbringing of their children, and they also must ensure for their general development. Their main guidance must be for the benefit of the child. Ambitious parents have high expectations and many ambitions for their children. In order for a child to reach or realize them, parents often exert pressure on them. Children are becoming more and more burdened with school obligations, and are additionally burdened by more organized and structured extracurricular activities. Because of this, they do not have enough time for activities that can be adapted to their desires and interests, or play that has been found to have a positive impact on the child's development.

Zaradi otrokove ranljivosti in občutljivosti je potrebno še posebej skrbno varovati njegove koristi in pravice. Kadar to v primarni družinski skupnosti ni zadovoljivo doseženo, nastopijo ukrepi omejevanja roditeljske pravice, ki predstavljajo intervencijo države, katere namen je zavarovati korist otroka. S tem namenom Ustava Republike Slovenije in Zakon o zakonski zvezi in družinskih razmerjih predvidevata ukrepe, s katerimi je mogoče poseči v intimno družinsko okolje. Ti ukrepi morajo biti na podlagi Ustave Republike Slovenije urejeni stopnjevito, saj se je le na takšen način mogoče ustrezno odzvati na različne življenjske okoliščine. Načelo sorazmernosti izhaja iz mednarodnopravnih aktov, kakršna sta Evropska konvencija o varstvu človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin ter Konvencija Združenih narodov o otrokovih pravicah, ki zavezujejo tudi Slovenijo. To načelo predvideva uporabo v prvi vrsti milejših ukrepov, s katerimi je mogoče v zadostni meri zavarovati otrokove koristi. Država si zato prizadeva pomagati družini najprej s pozitivnimi ukrepi. Kadar pa to ne prinese želenih rezultatov, sme poseči v pravice staršev in tako poskrbeti za otrokovo dobrobit. Zakon o zakonski zvezi in družinskih razmerjih ne uresničuje v celoti ustavne zahteve po stopnjevitosti ureditve ukrepov omejevanja roditeljske pravice, saj predvideva le nekaj ukrepov centra za socialno delo, s katerimi se omejujejo določena upravičenja, ki izhajajo iz roditeljske pravice in, kot skrajni ukrep, popoln odvzem roditeljske pravice s strani sodišča. Ne ureja pa milejših ukrepov sodišča, s katerimi bi se hitro in učinkovito zavarovalo koristi otroka, ne da bi bila obenem staršem popolnoma odvzeta roditeljska pravica in bi posledično prišlo do dejanske ločitve otroka od družine. Tudi sodna praksa potrjuje, da zakonska pravna podlaga sodiščem in centrom za socialno delo ne omogoča izvajanja vseh potrebnih ukrepov, s katerimi bi na najboljši možen način zavarovali položaj otroka v različnih kompleksnih življenjskih okoliščinah. Odgovore na navedene pomanjkljivosti trenutne zakonodajne ureditve prinaša novi Družinski zakonik, ki preko svojih določb uvaja stopnjevitost ukrepov za zavarovanje koristi otrok. Na to kaže med drugim tudi nova določba Družinskega zakonika z naslovom 'Omejitev starševske skrbi'. Ena izmed pomembnejših sprememb, ki jih prinaša Družinski zakonik, je tudi prenos velikega dela pristojnosti s centrov za socialno delo na sodišča. Na novo uveden pojem starševske skrbi, ki nadomešča pojem roditeljske pravice, pa jasno izraža zahtevo zakonodajalca, da se skrb za otroka vedno postavi na prvo mesto. Because of the child’s fragility and vulnerability, the child's interests and rights need particular care and protection. If this is not accomplished satisfactory in the primary familial community measures of restricting parental rights step into place. They represent an intervention by the state, the main purpose of which is to protect interests of the child The Slovenian Constitution and the Law on Marriage and Family Relations provide measures that allow an intervention in a private family environment. Based on the Slovenian Constitution, these measures have to be organized gradually, because this is the only way to properly react to different life situations. The principle of proportionality originates from the International legal acts, such as the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which Slovenia is also obligated to follow. This principle primarily provides the use of milder measures, which are able to adequately protect the child's interests. The state, therefore, helps families with positive measures, and if this kind of action does not bring wanted results, it can intervene into the parental rights and thusly take care of the child's welfare. Law on Marriage and Family Relations does not fully carry out the Constitutional requirement of the staging measure of restricting parental rights, since it provides only a few measures of the Centre for Social Work, which restricts certain powers deriving from parental right and as the last measure, the complete termination of the parental right by the court. This legislation act does not regulate milder measures in order to quickly and effectively protect the interests of the child without completely depriving the parents of their parental right and consequent separation of the child from the family. We can also find Slovenian Case-Law confirming that the Slovenian legal basis of the courts and the Centres for Social Work, does not allow them to carry out all the necessary measures that would protect the position of the child in various complex life situations. The answer to the above-mentioned shortcomings of the current regulatory regime is brought by the new Family Code, which through its provisions introduces staging measures for the protection of the interests of the children. As a novelty of the Family Code, there is also a new provision entitled 'Restriction of Parental Care'. One of the major changes introduced by the Family Code is the transfer of the large part of the Centre for Social Work jurisdiction directly to the courts. The newly introduced concept of parental care, which replaces the concept of parental rights, clearly expresses that the legislators demand to always put the child care in the first place.

Roditeljska pravica je pravica staršev, v okviru katere skrbijo za korist svojih mladoletnih otrok. Gre za skupek pravic in dolžnosti staršev do svojih otrok. Temelj pravic in dolžnosti izhaja iz ustave RS, katera v 54. členu določa, da imajo starši pravico in dolžnost vzdrževati, izobraževati in vzgajati svoje otroke. V mednarodnih dokumentih je izraz roditeljska pravica nadomestil izraz starševska skrb. Gre za širši pojem. Ne obsega le pravice in dolžnosti naravnih staršev, temveč tudi tistih oseb, ki jih pravo šteje za starše, torej posvojiteljev. V Sloveniji je področje družinskega prava urejeno v Zakonu o zakonski zvezi in družinskih razmerjih, v katerem se še vedno uporablja izraz roditeljska pravica. V Italiji je to področje urejeno v Civilnem zakoniku, in sicer v prvi knjigi. Leta 2013 je zakonodajni odlok na podlagi reforme iz leta 2012 prinesel spremembe v Civilni zakonik, med katerimi je bil tudi prehod roditeljske pravice v starševsko odgovornost. Parental rights are rights of parents to take care of their minor children. It's a set of parents' rights and duties toward their children. The base of these rights and obligations comes from the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia which in the article 54 states that parents have the right and duty to maintain, educate, and raise their children. The expression of parental rights has been replaced with the term parental care in the international documents. It is a broader concept. Not only it covers the rights and duties of the natural parents, but it also covers those who are considered by law to be parents, so adoptive parents. In Slovenia is the area of family law regulated in the Marriage and Family Relations which still uses the term of parental rights. In Italy, however, this area is regulated by the Civil Code in the first book. A legislative decree by the reform of 2012 brought changes in 2013 in the Civil Code, one of which was the passage of parental rights to parental responsibility.

Namen diplomske naloge je predstaviti pravice, ki jih imajo osebe s spektroavtističnimi motnjami, pa tudi dolžnosti države, da takim osebam omogoči, da se lahko vključijo v družbo in vanjo prispevajo po svojih najboljših močeh. Na začetku je predstavljen avtizem, ki poleg opisa pojma in naštetih vrst zajema tudi zgodovinski opis, značilnosti te nevrološko – biološke motnje, morebitne vzroke, ki privedejo omenjene motnje in statistične podatke, ki kažejo na drastično povečanje števila avtističnih otrok in otrok z motnjami avtističnega spektra. V nadaljevanju je podrobneje predstavljena nacionalna zakonodaja, ki zajema področje zdravstva, socialnega varstva, starševskega varstva, vzgoje in izobraževanja, zaposlovanja in drugih pravic, kot so davek in carine, davek na dodano vrednost, davek na motorna vozila in oprostitev plačila za uporabo cest. Nadalje so v krajši obliki predstavljeni nekateri pomembnejši mednarodni pravni akti, ki na tem področju zavezujejo našo državo. Zadnje poglavje je namenjeno sodni praksi na domačih tleh, katere je do sedaj malo. Skozi analizo primerov ugotovimo, da vendarle obstaja povezava med avtizmom in cepljenjem ter da obstaja izredno močna biološka verjetnost, da so cepiva odgovorna za nastanek avtističnih motenj. The aim of this thesis is to present the rights of people with autism spectrum disorders and also the duty of the state to allow this people to be able to reintegrate into society, so they can contribute their best. At the beginning it is presented the concept of autism, which involves types of autism, historical description, characteristics of the neurological - biological disorders, possible causes and statistics. In addition it is presented national law, which covers the area of health care, social care, parental care, education and schooling, employment and some other rights. Further are listed some important international legal instruments which are also obligatory for national law. Last chapter is about judicial practice. There are very few cases that are associated with autism. Through the analysis of the cases we found out that there might be a connection between autism and vaccination and that there is a very strong biological plausibility that vaccines are responsible for the emergence of autistic disorders.

Diplomska naloga je bila napisana z željo, da bi se slovenska zakonodaja na področju instituta poslovne sposobnosti posodobila. V diplomski nalogi sem opisal postopek normalne pridobitve poslovne sposobnosti in vse izjeme. S primerjalno pravno metodo sem razložil, kako poteka pridobitev poslovne sposobnosti drugod po svetu. Opisal sem postopek odvzema delne poslovne sposobnosti, kot tudi postopek odvzema popolne poslovne sposobnosti. Prav tako sem razložil postopek ponovne pridobitve, tako delne, kot popolne poslovne sposobnosti. Posvetil sem se še postopku podaljšanja roditeljske pravice, ki je zelo podoben institut kot odvzem poslovne sposobnosti. Pri osebah, ki še niso dosegle starosti 18. let in niso same zmožne skrbeti zase oziroma za svoje pravice, se celo pogosteje uporablja, kot institut odvzema poslovne sposobnosti. Pri institutu poslovne sposobnosti sem v diplomski nalogi za slovenski pravni red predlagal podobne rešitve kot jih je našlo avstrijsko pravo, torej predvsem znižanje starostne meje za pridobitev delne poslovne sposobnosti in spregled manjših pravnih poslov, ki jih sklepajo osebe z delno poslovno sposobnostjo, spet po vzoru avstrijskega pravnega reda. Velik del diplomske naloge sem namenil centru za socialno delo, ki ima v postopku odvzema poslovne sposobnosti veliko vlogo. Po mojem mnenju je njegova vloga prevelika. Center za socialno delo lahko namreč predlaga začetek postopka, je v postopku stranka in na koncu postopka tudi postavi skrbnika. Temu skrbniku določi pravice in dolžnosti. Sodišče le okvirno določi pravice skrbnika. Center za socialno delo nato v popolnosti nadzoruje delo skrbnika. V diplomski nalogi sem omenil tudi nekaj drugih institutov, pri katerih ima center za socialno delo preveliko vlogo (npr. rejništvo in posvojitve). Prišel sem do ugotovitve, da do postopka odvzema poslovne sposobnosti ne prihaja tako pogosto, kot bi moralo, velik vzrok za to so predvsem stroški postopka, ki jih nosi predlagatelj, zaradi česar pogosto niti sodišče, niti javni tožilec, niti center za socialno delo ne predlaga postopka, ko bi ga po uradni dolžnosti moral. V diplomski nalogi sem prišel tudi do sklepa, da lahko v prihodnosti, po vzgledu drugih držav (predvsem Nemčije in Švedske), pričakujemo vedno manjšo uporabo postopka odvzema poslovne sposobnosti. V Družinskem zakoniku je bil predlog, da sodišče ne bi več začelo postopka odvzema poslovne sposobnosti, ko bi zaznalo, da ga oseba potrebuje, temveč bi takšno osebo le postavili pod skrbništvo. Ugotovil sem tudi, da se bo v prihodnosti delo centra za socialno delo na tem področju krčilo. Do takšne ugotovitve sem prišel zaradi določb Družinskega zakonika. Po njem sodišče sploh ne bi začelo postopka za odvzem poslovne sposobnosti osebi, ki ni zmožna sama skrbeti za svoje pravice, temveč bi takšni osebi le določilo skrbnika. Prav tako bi Družinski zakonik omejil še določene druge pravice centra za socialno delo, ki so opisane v samem diplomskem delu. The title of this diploma is Acquisition, limitation and loss off capacity for legal acts. I have chosen this topic because in my opinion this area of law is overfilled with the legal persumption that it is not in compliance with the reality of the situation. All over the world it is established that the person gaines general legal personality at their birth. Slovenia is no exception. A person loses general legal personality when they die. This rule is also true all over the world. There is an exception: declaration for deceased persons. That rule does exist in Slovenia, but there are only a few cases of it. The world is not so unite on when it is the right time for the person to gain limited capacity for legal acts. In slovenian law order that happens when a person reches the age of 15. In my opinion that rule should be changed in Slovenia, because the whole population engages in legal acts before they are 15. years old, eventhough they have no legal capacity. Slovenian citizens have limited capacity for legal acts from the age of 15 untill the age of 18, when they become fully capable for legal acts. The only exception is if the person is married before that age, or if they have a child, but they have to send a court application. If a person is handicapped they may never reach the acquisition of full capacity for legal acts. The court of law can extend the parental rights for such children. The handicapped person can be completely without the capacity for legal acts or they can have the limited capacity for legal acts. A person can also lose the capacity for legal acts. The reasons are being mentaly chalanged, being a handicapped person, alcoholism, gambling and others. This happens in a legal proceeding. The proceeding can start with the proposition of the person himself, a close relative, by official duty or with the proposition by centre for social work. This proceeding can ends in four different ways: 1. The judge can rule in favour of limiting the capacity for legal act 2. The judge can rule in favour of losing of the capacity for legal acts 3. The judge can stop the proceeding and dismiss the case 4. The judge can refuse the proposition If a person in the process loses the capacity for legal acts or their capacity is limited, the centre for social work has to »determine« the guardian for such a person. The centre has no limitations whatsoever as to who they choose as the legal guardian. The centre for social work later also supervises the work of such a guardian. The person that has lost the capacity for legal acts or the person whose capacity was limited can acquire the legal capacity for legal acts back. The new acquisition for the capacity for legal acts occures in the reverse proceeding.