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Uvod: Placenta je organ, ki se formira v zgodnjem obdobju nosečnosti in se porodi v kratkem času po rojstvu ploda. Edinstvena cirkulacija krvi, ki poteka preko placente, z vsemi svojimi nenadomestljivimi in kompleksnimi funkcijami skrbi za normalen ter zdrav potek nosečnosti in ustrezen razvoj ploda. Placenta se lahko pojavi v več anatomskih različicah, ki imajo še vedno enako sposobnost delovanja. Pri nekaterih oblikah placente se lahko pojavijo razni zapleti in težave. Poleg težav, ki jih povzroča lega ali anatomske variacije placente, na njeno delovanje vplivajo tudi materina obolenja in drugi zunanji dejavniki. V mnogih vzhodnih kulturah ima placenta poleg dihalne, prehranjevalne, endokrine in zaščitne vloge tudi zelo pomembno duhovno vlogo. Hkrati ponekod še vedno izvajajo in ohranjajo tradicionalne rituale, povezane s placento. Namen: Namen diplomske naloge je predstaviti razvoj placente, njeno vlogo ter opisati s placento povezane zaplete v času nosečnosti. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila opisna ali deskriptivna metoda. Pregledana je bila ustrezna domača in tuja strokovna literatura, povezana s temo diplomskega dela. Zbrali smo jo s pomočjo različnih spletnih brskalnikov (COBISS, DiKUL, Google Books, ScienceDirect itd.). Razprava in zaključek: V povezavi s tematiko diplomskega dela je opravljenih veliko študij, ki raziskujejo vpliv posameznih dejavnikov na incidenco zapletov in povezavo med posameznimi zapleti. S pomočjo teh študij smo pridobili poglobljen in širši pogled na pojavnost in kompleksnost zapletov, povezanih s placento in hkrati tudi na delovanje placente. Predvsem pa je znanje o osnovni zgradbi, nalogah in procesih placente ključnega pomena za razumevanje z njo povezanih zapletov ter pravilno ravnanje ob srečanju z njimi v babiški praksi. Introduction: Placenta is an organ that forms in the early stage of pregnancy and is delivered after the birth of the fetus. With unique blood circulation and its complex functions, it ensures a normal and healthy pregnancy and fetal development. The placenta can occur in different anatomical variations that still have the same ability to function as normal placenta while some forms of the placenta can cause complications. In addition to the problems caused by the position or anatomical variation, maternal diseases and other external factors can have an impact on placental function. In many eastern cultures, the placenta has a very important spiritual significance in addition to the respiratory, nutritional, endocrine, and protective role. They also keep performing some traditional culture rituals connected to the placenta. Purpose: The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis is to represent the development of the placenta, its role, and function and to describe placental related complications during the time of pregnancy. Methods: The descriptive method of work was used in the bachelor’s thesis. We collected scientific and academic literature, found in different databases (COBISS, DiKUL, Google Books, ScienceDirect, etc.), and evaluated the key findings. Discussion and conclusion: Many studies have been made in connection to the topic of the thesis, especially those that explore the influence of individual risk factor on the incidence of complication and the connection between complications. By critical reading and evaluating these studies, we gained a deeper and broader view of the incidence and complexity of placental-related complications and of the role of the placenta as a unique regulatory organ. Above all, knowledge about the basic structure, role, and processes in the placenta is crucial for understanding the individual complication related to it and for the proper response to the occurrence of complications in practice.