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La Clínica de Asistencia Legal de la Escuela de Derecho de la Universidad de Puerto Rico es un vehículo de acceso a la justicia. Esta reflexión expone el trabajo que se realiza en la Sección de Desarrollo económico comunitario: Organización y autogestión. En ésta el estudiantado da cumplimiento al deber ético de garantizar acceso a representación legal capacitada, íntegra y diligente. En cambio, recibe de las comunidades las experiencias y valores comunitarios de lucha, perseverancia y resiliencia contra un sistema socioeconómico que les sume en la pobreza y limita el desarrollo de capacidades. Esta reflexión analiza literatura sobre diversos abordajes a servicios legales que propenden el cambio social. A partir de éstos, expone casos sobresalientes en los que el estudiantado y las participantes de la Clínica lograron contribuir al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida y desarrollo de capacidades para un orden social sensible a las necesidades de los vulnerables. The Legal Assistance Clinic of the University of Puerto Rico School of Law is an instrument for the disadvantaged, disregarded, and discriminated population to demand justice. This reflection presents the work done by the Community Economic Development: Organizing and self-management section of the Law Clinic. As a required course, it offers the students the opportunity to start complying, early in their professional careers, with the ethics of serving the vulnerable ones by warranting access to quality legal representation. This paper analyses the different approaches to progressive advocacy for social change. Then it examines some outstanding cases worked by the Community Economic Development section of the Clinic where both the students and the clients have mutually contributed to improve the quality of life and their development. Revealing this academic model exposes its benefits and encourages its practice for giving students opportunities to serve and contribute to a sustainable social transformation. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=3130617

This paper discuss the role of domestic architecture in the construction of narratives of power and its importance as a key feature to determine and analyse both the economic system and the social change in the 4th-3rd century BC. On the one hand, scrutiny of domestic architecture is a fruitful way by which to draw out a deeper insight with respect to social organisation, as well as being an indicator of ideology. On the other hand, social change is frequently reflected in the household in the same way as it is in settlement structure. After taking into account the empirical analysis, this paper contributes by determining that power can be concentrated for a number of reasons. -- Este artículo analiza el papel de la arquitectura doméstica en la construcción de narrativas de poder y su importancia como elemento clave para profundizar en el estudio y conocimiento tanto del sistema económico como del cambio social en los siglos IV-III aC. La investigación y posterior análisis de la arquitectura doméstica conduce a un conocimiento más profundo de la organización social además de aportar claves sobre la ideología imperante. Por otra parte, el cambio social se refleja a menudo en el hogar de la misma manera que en el patrón de asentamiento. Después de llevar a cabo el análisis empírico, la contribución de este ensayo se fundamenta en la tesis de que el poder puede ser concentrado.

The increase in life expectancy, coupled with other factors, has led to an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases and multiple morbidity. This has led to the need to develop new health and social care models, which will allow managing these efficiently and in a sustainable manner. In particular, there seems to be consensus on the need to move towards integrated, patient-centered, and more proactive care. Thus, in recent years, chronic care models have been developed at international, national and regional level, as well as introducing strategies to tackle the challenge of chronic illness. However, the implementation of actions facilitating the change towards this new model of care does not seem to be an easy task. This paper presents some of the strategic lines and initiatives carried out by the Department of Health of the Basque Government. These actions can be described within a social and organizational innovation framework, as a means for effective implementation of interventions and strategies that shape the model required for the improved care of chronic illnesses within a universal and tax-funded health system., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.)

Health system reforms in Colombia and Brazil introduced policies that promote social participation in health care quality control. The objective of this paper was to analyze users' and leaders' perceptions of their capacity to achieve changes in the countries' health services. An exploratory and descriptive qualitative study was performed with individual interviews and focus groups of users and leaders in Colombia and Brazil. Most informants perceived themselves as having the capacity to induce changes to improve the quality of health services. They attributed this capacity primarily to internal factors related to their participatory behavior, plus only one external factor, the availability of institutional participatory spaces. The lack of capacity to influence change was only related to passive attitudes and fear of retaliation in Colombia. The existence of a population with high self-perceived capacity to achieve change appears as a potential factor to be strengthened, while institutional democratic space needs to improve in order to enhance the effectiveness of social participation in health policies.

Although the socialist ideology of the Catalan psychiatrist Emilio Mira y López (1896-1964) is relatively well known, his psychological-political contribution has been ignored. The aim of this paper is two-fold. First, Mira's psychological analysis of the social revolution is situated in the historical context of Catalonia and Spain before Franco's Dictatorship, taking account of biographical and political as well as scientific and cultural aspects. Second, the way in which Mira related psychology to politics is explored by examining the extent to which his scientific work reflected his socialist ideas.

"This paper begins by reviewing some conceptual frameworks for the study of female mortality and indicates some of its application problems. Next it presents results of mortality of women in reproductive-age classified by age, causes of death, and socio-demographic traits (marital status, schooling, and occupation) for ten states [in Mexico] differentiated according to level of development and well-being. The data suggests differences according to age, marital status, and schooling. Finally, testing of the mutual independence and partial independence hypotheses indicates that age, marital status, and schooling correlate to the degree of development of each state." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

"Given the importance of information on the population age structure when planning short, medium and long-term needs within the different social strata, this paper is a proposal to deepen...the study of changes in the population pyramids.... Based on the most recent methodologies a study of age discontinuities is carried out and a method of follow-up by cohorts is suggested, taking the 15-19 and 20-24 age groups as an example. The purpose is to show that, as a...cohort ascends in the age pyramid, new and different necessities arise and also different responses are demanded on the part of the social system." Data are for Brazil as a whole and for the state of Sao Paulo. (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

"This document discusses the impact of the social institutions in the childbearing experience of...families and the reproduction of...society. Despite the difficulties of empirically demonstrating the association of the macro and micro spheres, the paper presents evidence of the relationship, introducing the case of Ecuador, based on broad indices of fertility and child mortality.... The analysis utilizes the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), individual and community questionnaire." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

Since 2014, immersive media storytelling has gained significant attention, with technologies such as 360° video providing unique first-person experiences, leading to the emergence of immersive journalism and documentaries. Some view immersive media as an “empathy machine” for fostering social change by creating strong connections between the audience and the issues portrayed. This paper critically examines this claim through a practice-based research approach, exploring five socially-driven immersive media projects from 2018-2020 in various countries, and interviewing 21 experts, both scholars and practitioners. The insights derived from this research provide an innovative conceptual framework that encompasses socially-driven immersive media productions, moving from initial empathy towards a more comprehensive concept and phenomenon native to the medium, referred to as “emotional geography”. This framework aims to shed light on the affective dynamics of immersive media in relation to social change, and offers valuable insights for future research, productions and critical discussions on the growing, emotionally-charged digital media ecosystem driven by advancing technologies.

This paper investigates whether there are different patterns of traditionality in different countries with regard to a perceived negative impact of labor-force participation of mothers on their children and family life. For this purpose, individual-level traditionality subgroups and segments of countries with different traditionality patterns of their nationals were identified simultaneously by means of multilevel latent-class (ML-LC) analysis of the answers to three items of the Changing Family and Gender Roles module of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP). This module was fielded in 22 countries in the years 1994 and 2002. Six individual-level subgroups and five country segments can be discerned. The structure of individual-level subgroups is almost identical in both years. Four individual-level subgroups differ only quantitatively in their level of traditionality. Two further subgroups are characterized by a unique tendency to defend working mothers against criticism. From 1994 to 2002 the sizes of traditional subgroups decrease, and there is also some change in the composition of country segments. This paper investigates whether there are different patterns of traditionality in different countries with regard to a perceived negative impact of labor-force participation of mothers on their children and family life. For this purpose, individual-level traditionality subgroups and segments of countries with different traditionality patterns of their nationals were identified simultaneously by means of multilevel latent-class (ML-LC) analysis of the answers to three items of the Changing Family and Gender Roles module of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP). This module was fielded in 22 countries in the years 1994 and 2002. Six individual-level subgroups and five country segments can be discerned. The structure of individual-level subgroups is almost identical in both years. Four individual-level subgroups differ only quantitatively in their level of traditionality. Two further subgroups are characterized by a unique tendency to defend working mothers against criticism. From 1994 to 2002 the sizes of traditional subgroups decrease, and there is also some change in the composition of country segments.Este trabajo analiza si existen diferentes patrones de tradicionalismo en los diferentes países sobre la percepción de un impacto negativo de la participación laboral de las madres en sus hijos y en su vida familiar. Para ello se identificaron, de forma simultánea, subgrupos de tradicionalismo a nivel individual y segmentos de países con diferentes patrones de tradicionalismo de sus ciudadanos, a través de un análisis multinivel de clases latentes (ML-LC) de las respuestas a tres preguntas del módulo Familia y Roles de Género del International Social Survey Program (ISSP), que se aplicó en 22 países en los años 1994 y 2002. Se identificaron seis subgrupos de nivel individual y cinco segmentos de países. La estructura de los subgrupos a nivel individual es casi idéntica en ambos años. Cuatro subgrupos a nivel individual difieren solamente de manera cuantitativa en su nivel de tradicionalismo. Dos subgrupos más se caracterizan por una tendencia a defender de la crítica a las madres que trabajan. De 1994 a 2002 el tamaño de los subgrupos tradicionales disminuye, y también se ha producido algún cambio en la composición de los segmentos de países.

This paper is an introduction to the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Social Therapy and its practical application as a group intervention. Developed from the post-modern Marxist approach and inspired by the Vygotksy development theory, it is a performatory therapy which is very little known in Brazil. In this paper, initially, we will present the historical background in which this approach was developed and its main authors. Later we will present its concepts and methodology and finally its practices, taking the group as the focal point of this modality of work. Having in its proposal the permanent focus in building the group and in its emancipation, the Social Therapy has been presented as a potent group intervention in the construction of social change.

Analytical sociology is a middle-range approach to sociological theorizing which seeks to develop precise and realistic action-based explanations of various social phenomena. At the heart of the analytical approach is the idea that acceptable explanations must detail the mechanisms through which the phenomena to be explained were brought about. In this article I discuss the most important elements of this approach and I try to illustrate the various components involved in an explanation of social change. The analytical approach adopted here seeks to closely integrate mechanism-based theories of action and interaction, and agent-based computational modelling. The article is organized in the following way: first I present the guiding ideas behind the mechanisms approach. Second I discuss various mechanisms of action and interaction to illustrate what it is all about. Third I use a socalled agent-based model for illustrating how one can link individual-level mechanisms to social outcomes. Fourth I show how important it is to empirically calibrate these types of models. And fifth, and finally, I round it all up with some concluding remarks.

Amid the Covid-19 pandemic, conversations about how to build sport back better are becoming increasingly pronounced. The crisis both deepens inequities and creates opportunity as a new way to configure sport post-pandemic demands to be discovered. The challenge has been thrown down to sociologists to help reimagine and reshape the course of sport. What might such re-enchantment look like? And how might it help realise the sociology of sport’s untapped potential to advance impactful public sociology? This paper explores these questions with a particular focus on sociologists of sport as co-creators of, and actors in, social change. I discuss five issues that I see as being relevant for rethinking and reconfiguring sport beyond the pandemic: (1) reclaiming the ludic and pleasure; (2) rethinking sociality in sport; (3) social inequities and ‘sport for all’; (4) de-/re-centring power in sport for development; and (5) global interdependence and interconnectedness. The insights presented can hopefully make a modest contribution to our collective understanding of transformative practice in and through the sociology of sport in uncertain times.

"At the beginning of the seventies, important economic investments aimed at developing and commercializing the newly discovered oilwells were made in the state of Tabasco [Mexico]. As a result of this, the distribution and the social growth of the population in this state changed. This paper analyses the general characteristics of these changes, particularly those related to migration.... Generally speaking, the most important migratory movements which took place in this state during the oil boom were from one municipality to another and not from other states to Tabasco, as was thought at first.... This paper also describes the direction of the migratory flows and provides information about the sex of the migrants and about their insertion within the sphere of employment." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

Changes in the relationship between population factors and the development process in Mexico from 1940 to the present are reviewed. The authors show how the development that occurred up to about 1970 both absorbed and encouraged rapid population growth. They then describe how the emergence of problems concerning this relationship led to the development of a population policy during the 1970s. "The paper then takes up the implementation of that policy and the determinants of the fertility decline that took place afterwards, and closes with a brief review of the implications that demographic considerations have for Mexico's future." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

Modern society is changing and becoming increasingly multilingual and multicultural. There is a growing need for interpreting in different contexts and for languages that were previously rarely required in the Slovene context (e.g., Albanian, Arabic, and Persian). This paper is based on the premise that if higher interpreter education is to be performed ethically, it must respond to these changes within its capacity and educate interpreters for the languages and fields that society actually needs, thus ensuring respect of human rights in medical, asylum or judicial procedures. In the past, interpreter training at the University of Ljubljana was limited to conference interpreting. However, due to changes in practice the Faculty of Arts has responded to the emerging needs and also formed educational modules for interpreters working in court and asylum procedures, state administration and in medical settings. It continues to invest efforts to expand the range of language combinations to include languages of lesser diffusion, and to offer quality interpreter training to the interpreters of Slovenian sign language. In the academic environment, we are also constantly confronted with internal ethical dilemmas related to the assessment, enrolment, and accreditation processes. It is the latter that significantly slow down the response of the Faculty to needs in society. Despite the numerous administrative, financial and human resources challenges, we may conclude that the Faculty of Arts is committed to investing its maximum efforts and responding with a high level of awareness to the changing interpreting profession which has experienced, through the rapidly growing use of online interpreting platforms, the greatest leap since the introduction of simultaneous interpreting. All this can only be achieved in close cooperation with all the related stakeholders: professional associations, long-standing external trainers and state authorities.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the concepts of honor and honorability in Spain during the 18th and 19th centuries in order to offer an approximation of the changes in social values that took place in this period. Specifically, it is studied the development of these concepts, the transformations in their meanings and the reciprocal relations of these mu-tations. However, what is here so-called as from honor to honorability should not be in-terpreted as a finalist trajectory or a process of an evolutionary nature, but a complex de-velopment, composed of several variables and multiple directions. The work is organized in four sections that seek to show the complexity of these transformations. A first exami-nation was made through the national and international bibliography that focus on it and a second part is an analysis by means of primary sources of different nature —literature, presses, philosophical treatises, moralistic writings. One of the main conclusions that emerges is that the transformations of the concepts honor and honesty are closely linked with a deep variation of the sense of virtue, which gradually abandoned its traditional meaning —synonym of social inheritance— and acquiring a more personal matrix.

As a tribute to the thinking of Jean-Claude Gillet, this article aims to make accessible in the English language some of the notions of sociocultural community development and its function developed by this author in relation to their testing during a recent training course on the theme of Social action in times of crises: sociocultural community development as a lever of social change in the Middle East and North Africa region. Based on the knowledge of the participants and faculty members, this paper proposes a broad reflection on sociocultural community development as it is currently experienced and desired in various countries (Yemen, Syria, Libya, Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan and Palestine). This reflection, co-constructed from contexts experienced by the participants and selected contributions in reference to inspiring authors such as Gillet, seems necessary today for the potential development of intervention and investigation tools supporting social change in the English-speaking Arab countries.

The 4th Industrial Revolution has modified the model of society worldwide. Short-term change has taken hold of everyday life, and people who do not cope with it become obsolete. Under this scenario, the life and work of the university graduates became fickle since their near future grows in uncertainty. Thus, we aimed to shed light on human optimization pathways from Higher Education in the knowledge-based society and economy, which made possible a new industry. In this line, we conducted an analysis underpinned by critical hermeneutics from educational policy proposals, research findings, and analytical philosophy. After analyzing the context, the person, and the learning needs, we offered a clearer idea of the universities 4.0, where the ‘learning to learn’ meta-competence appears to be a key factor for working and living well. This meta-competence may lead to enable human optimization and overcome human obsolescence in a way in which people be increasingly valuable to invest their values in their communities. This paper includes some guidelines for Higher Education institutions to enhance organization and curriculum, according to the new model of society and the human conditions. The ideal of well-being, of what is better or convenient, is left to a necessarily subjective discussion, although not lacking in reasoned criteria for each moment and circumstance.

This paper shows assessment results regarding an intervention programme that uses sports as a resource to promote education for peace and coexistence. Students from three secondary educational centres located in an area with a social exclusion risk-rating took part in the research. Three phases were differentiated in the procedure: awareness, the sporting event and assessment. 91 students took part in the first phase, 120 attended the sporting event and 53 collaborated in the assessment. An "ad hoc" questionnaire divided into two dimensions was designed: (1) benefits brought in regards to personal and social enrichment for peace and coexistence; and (2) satisfaction with the organization. Results show adequate reliability ratings (α = ,677 and ,866). The assessment by all the agents involved was highly satisfactory with the benefits brought (between M = 4,44 and 4,49). Despite the good assessment given by the participants regarding the organization of the programme (M = 4,25), teachers stated that it would have been interesting to submit improvement proposals (M = 3,34) such as the range of activities, the improvement of sports facilities and the management of the event in order not to disturb the day-to-day running of the centre.

El presente texto aborda la pregunta: ¿Cómo avanzar en el conocimiento del pasado reciente desde la perspectiva de los sujetos?, ello presenta un desafío epistémico-metodológico que supone abordar las formas de razonamiento capaces de involucrar al sujeto, en segundo lugar, el distinguir entre aquello que llamamos “saber histórico” como patrimonio del erudito, del investigador, donde lo histórico se coloca entre los hechos de la realidad como una aspecto más de ella, como objeto; y el saber histórico como una instancia superior donde se incorpora al sujeto como saber olvidado, es aquí donde la memoria social en la elaboración de la historia cobra un sentido diferente, porque los cambios sociales, la emergencia de nuevos actores y el mundo de sensibilidades e imaginarios implican transformaciones de los sentidos del pasado. This paper addresses the following question: How can we advance in the knowledge of the past from the perspective of subjects? This presents an epistemological and methodological challenge posed to address forms of reasoning capable of involving the subject, secondly, distinguishing between what we call the “historical knowledge” as a heritage of the scholar, researcher, where the historical is placed between the facts of reality as an aspect of it , as an object; and the historical knowledge as a higher authority where the subject is incorporated as forgotten knowledge, and it is here where the social memory in the elaboration of history takes a different sense, because the social changes, the emergence of new actors and sensibilities and imaginary world involve transformations of the ways of the past.

The Right to the City is not only a theoretical concept but also a political ideal. This paper will present empirical research and theoretical aspects ofo this right, and possibilities of change, through an analysis of a group of cities in the Brazilian Amazon, those located along the rivers Solimões and Amazonas, Amazonas state, Brazil. Cities have an in si and a per si character. Considering the in si character a city can be studied and comprehended in itself, its morphological structures (physical, imaginary) and its fluxes (of things, people and power). This understanding is a necessary first movement for change and how this understanding is done, the methodological procedures, will limit or expand transformative possibilities. The revolutionary force of the Right to the City is to comprehend the city per si, as entity that can influence and take lead on the changes that transform the premises of the future. Areas with low city density, as the Amazon, a city itself has an important (use)value. The functions that are intrinsic to cities are available in definite places/locations. These cities are special places, still opened to change, for the handcuffs of private property of land as defined by capitalism are not fully established. Land property in most of the cities in the western section of the Brazilian Amazon is not defined by law: houses and gardens merge. The socioecological relationships that define this diverse socio-biodiversity may give interesting insights to the discussion of the Right to the City world-wide.

Urban anthropological research on the review of previous experiences in Colombia is scarce. This paper presents a retrospective analysis of two different moments in the author’s research experience: one, in an initial period, and another one, over a period of more than two decades, at a later time. The case study is presented in the periphery of Popayán, more precisely, in Commune 7 in the south of the city, in what is known today as the Solidarity neighborhood, but which was originally considered an “invasion.” The article examines the consolidation of ideas such as community organizing, urban identity, and social change from the time the neighborhood first appeared, in the wake of the 1983 earthquake, to the beginning of the 21st century. The experience presented constitutes a vital reference point for highlighting the importance of critically “looking back” on the ethnographic experience of the past, at the same time that it allows us to highlight the importance of this type of ethnographic exercise in different settings.

O litoral português é um dos mais ameaçados pela erosão costeira na Europa, um fenômeno que deverá ser agravado pelas alterações climáticas, devido à subida do nível médio do mar e à alteração do regime das ondas na costa atlântica. A par desta fragilidade física, a zona costeira tem sido palco de uma acelerada pressão urbana e turística, que em Portugal se acentuou a partir dos anos 60. Este fenômeno gera uma condição de fragilidade social, que se vem associar a uma fragilidade política resultante da incapacidade do Estado para enfrentar com consistência a gestão do litoral. A principal resposta aos problemas do litoral tem sido o investimento em estruturas pesadas fortemente apoiado por fundos comunitários. Apesar deste tipo de investimento estar cada vez mais comprometido, devido à recessão económica e à perspetiva de redução dos fundos europeus. Partindo de três estudos de caso, a Norte, Centro e Sul, neste artigo abordamos a atual condição social da perceção do risco em três zonas instáveis do litoral português, nas quais foram instalados núcleos urbanos com forte motivação turística: Vagueira, Costa da Caparica e Quarteira. Apesar de terem em comum dinâmicas de crescimento recentes, estas zonas apresentam processos diferenciados de ocupação e erosão. O artigo aborda os três locais a partir da sua condição administrativa e dos efeitos das políticas públicas de ordenamento do litoral. E propõe uma reflexão sobre a necessidade de novos modelos institucionais de governança e de gestão costeira sustentáveis.The Portuguese coast is one of the most threatened by coastal erosion in Europe, a phenomenon that will be intensified by climate change, due to sea level rise and changes in the wave system in the Atlantic coast. Along with this physical fragility, the coast has witnessed an accelerated urban and tourist pressure, which increased in Portugal since the 60's. This phenomenon creates social fragility, which in turn links with a political fragility resulting from the state's inability to deal with coastal management in a consistent way. The main response to coastal problems has been investing in heavy defence structures strongly supported by EU funds. However, this type of investment is increasingly compromised due to the economic downturn and the prospective reduction of European funds. Based on three case studies - in the North, Centre and South of Portugal - we will address the current social condition of risk perception in three unstable areas of the Portuguese coast, where urban centres with a strong touristic motivation were installed: Vagueira, Costa da Caparica and Quarteira. Despite having in common recent growth dynamics, these areas show different occupation processes and different levels of coastal erosion. The paper addresses these three places from the point of view of its administrative condition and the effects of public policies for coastal planning. Furthermore we propose a reflexion about the need for new institutional models of governance and sustainable coastal management.

Este artigo visa analisar a posição de Marshall em relação ao capitalismo de sua época e às possibilidades de mudança social. Argumenta-se que, apesar de ser um grande defensor do sistema de liberdade econômica, Marshall considerava fundamental sanar o problema da pobreza e da indigência que assolava e degradava física, moral e intelectualmente boa parte da população. Todavia, ao contrário dos socialistas e coletivistas que visavam extinguir as principais instituições vigentes (a concorrência, a propriedade privada, o trabalho assalariado, entre outras), o autor vislumbrava uma sociedade melhor ainda sob a égide dessas instituições capitalistas. Essa situação melhor poderia ser atingida por meio da intervenção do Estado e de mudanças importantes nos valores dos indivíduos - que envolveriam a adoção de uma postura mais nobre e cavalheiresca no seu agir econômico.This paper analyses Marshall's view in relation to capitalism and to the possibilities of social change. It is argued that in spite of being an important defender of the system of economic liberty, Marshall thought it was crucial to solve the problems of poverty and indigence that degraded physically, morally and intellectually a great part of the population. He rejected the socialists and collectivists solutions - that aimed at extinguishing the main prevailing institutions, such as competition in the market and private property, and wage-labor; and defended that a better society could be built preserving the key institutions of capitalism. He believed that this better situation could be achieved by prompt intervention of the State, and by important changes in the values of the individuals of society, that involved more nobility and chivalry in their economic action.

Este artigo propõe analisar a articulação entre as esferas de poder local e o poder público, a partir de uma descrição etnográfica da organização social e de como, nesta, se estrutura a autoridade política local. Nesse processo de construção da autoridade local, na praia do Aventureiro, Ilha Grande - RJ, o poder político e a autoridade legitimada pelos moradores estão diretamente ligados à posse dos barcos e dos campings mais prósperos. Os donos de barco no Aventureiro assumem, nesse contexto, o papel de representantes legítimos do povoado na negociação com órgãos da Prefeitura e do Estado, na defesa dos direitos dos moradores, assumindo um papel de representação da organização doméstica (em famílias e grupos vicinais) nas relações políticas com o Estado.This paper proposes, from an ethnographic description of social organization and how it structures the local political authority, to analyze the connections between local power and public administration through the building of local authority at Aventureiro Beach, Ilha Grande, state of Rio de Janeiro. The inhabitants' political power and legitimate authority are connected to the ownership of boats and to the most successful campings. The boat owners take the role of legitimate at the negotiation with the municipality and state, looking after the inhabitants' rights, assuming a role in representing the domestic organization (families and vicinal groups) in political relations with the state.

successful planning for tourism cannot exist without taking into account the opinions and attitudes of the host population. This paper analyses the attitudes of residents in a region of the Spanish Mediterranean coast where tourism is mainly based on the building of second homes, often on a massive scale. A face-to-face survey indicates that the opinion context in which residential tourismhas developed with such intensity is contained in a framework of social legitimisation. It is possible to distinguish between two groups: the defenders who tend to justify the residential tourism process by recognising the economic benefits it may bring and the critics who tend to question the socio-cultural and environmental costs of such development.

This paper studies the relationship between planning and the process of social change in England, during the transition from feudalism to capitalism. As primitive forms of planning, enclosure acts were used to destroy old structures of social reproduction that were hindering the formation of the emergent capitalism in this period. The article describes the communal regime prior to enclosure and the ways of life depending on it. After that, we study the process of passing the laws and how they suppressed that regime. As a corollary, we propose a new historiography of the relationship between planning and social reproduction, which allows a subsequent treatment of the hegemonic and dispossessing instances embedded in our practices.

Today’s Angolan youth’s experiences of life are shaped both by conflict and new hopes. This applies to those who were born and raised in rural areas – the most affected by war – as well as to urban youth, with more access to modernity but whose future is equally under permanent threat. War and uncertainty affect the way young people face the future, limiting their possibilities takeoff making decisions about their lives. Peace has brought about new opportunities but also many challenges. Based on qualitative data collected in Angola, this paper analyses the challenges young people are facing nowadays in Angola, their expectations and aspirations for the future, and how the idea of modernity is shaping them.

A partir de las caracterizaciones realizadas sobre los pueblos prehispánicos de la quebrada de Humahuaca, proponemos una serie de expectativas sobre el estilo de vida y el estado de salud de las poblaciones que habitaron la región en los períodos Formativo Tardío (500-900 DC), Desarrollos Regionales I (900-1250 DC) y II (1250-1430 DC). Considerando que la bioarqueología constituye una vía importante para la realización de inferencias sobre los procesos de cambio social en las sociedades prehispánicas, se utilizan indicadores de estrés nutricional, estrés funcional, dieta y traumas para caracterizar cada período y evaluar las modificaciones en el tiempo en lo referido a patrones de subsistencia, tipos de recursos consumidos y estado de salud de las poblacionesThrough bioarchaeological characterizations of the prehispanic people of the Humahuaca valley, this paper suggests their lifestyle expectations and health status during the Late Formative (500-900 AD), Regional Development I (900-1250 AD) and II (1250-1430 AD) periods. Bioarchaeology constitutes an important way to make inferences about processes of social change in prehispanic populations. In this study, nutritional stress, functional stress, diet and trauma indicators are used to characterize each period and evaluate changes through time regarding subsistence patterns, the type of resources consumed and the health status of these populations

This paper readdresses the work published in the book Transnacionalização de Educação: da crise da educação à “educação” da crise, with the objective of interrogating three of the issues it raises: 1) the use of the concept of transnationalization in the title (rather than globalization, for instance); 2) the conception of social change that underlies the “crisis in education”; and 3) the relationship between regulation and emancipation.

This paper introduces the methodology of autobiographic-narrative interview created by Fritz SCHÜTZE. The procedure of interview analysis is illustrated using a case study about a female "Indian" activist who is involved in religious and grass roots organizations of the Otomi-"Indians" living in the central highlands of Mexico. The study investigates the link between individual and social processes of cultural change. The biographical development and social processes of cultural change regarding the categories gender, religion and creativity are also shown. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0502160

This paper explores the issue of context in conducting secondary analysis and draws out the particular epistemological, methodological, practical and ethical challenges associated with the re-use of historically specific, contextually bound archived datasets. Focusing on the topic of change and continuity in family life, it outlines our efforts to design a method of comparing contemporary data on parents with accounts collected in the 1960s. We discuss the contextual complexities and constraints we encountered in attempting to construct a viable approach to evaluating social change through comparative historical analysis, and we describe how we sought to address these issues. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0501444

São discutidas as transformações sociais e econômicas que incidem sobre a vida dos idosos decorrentes do aumento da população de 60 anos ou mais, no Brasil. O processo migratório e a intensa urbanização (em 1940 a população rural era de 68,8% e em 1980 de 32,4%) afetaram particularmente a população idosa dos grandes centros, ou daqueles que envelheceram nestas cidades. Esta nova organização social acentuou os problemas de solidão e pobreza dos idosos. Além desta perda de status social que exclui sua participação na sociedade moderna, o idoso teve também reduzido o suporte emocional no interior de sua família. Entre os fatores que concorrem para tal, destacam-se a mudança do padrão do modelo familiar, de extensa para nuclear, a maior mobilidade e o aumento do número de separações e divórcios. O maior período de vida da mulher e suas conseqüências (redução de renda, aumento do número de viúvas e maior freqüência de longos períodos de doenças crônicas), como também a mudança do papel social da mulher no mundo contemporâneo, fazem parte de uma discussão específica relativa à mulher e à velhice. A questão do trabalho, da aposentadoria e do custo social (coeficiente de dependência) é outro aspecto abordado.The social and economic transformation which has been occurring in the life of the elderly, and the increase of the Brazilian population aged 60 years or over is discussed. The migration process (in 1940 the rural population was 68.8% and in 1980, 32.4%) and the intense urbanisation in major Brazilian cities has been particularly evident for the elderly population, or for those growing older in these cities. This new social organization had increased the problems of loneliness and poverty among the elderly. Furthermore, as a consequence of the loss of social status which has reduced their participation in contemporary society, the elderly have been loosing the emotional suport within their own families. Traditionally, older people are viewed as an integral part of the family and enjoy high esteem and prestige. There are factors which play an important role in the family changes - these factors are the decrease in the number of children, their dispersion owing to migration and urbanisation, and the increase in the number of divorces between couples. The relatively longer life span of women has brought unique consequences such as a decrease of income, an increase in the number of widows and a longer period of chronic disease, as well as the changing role of women and their participation in the labour force which further diminish the chances of family support. This paper also discusses certain aspects related to the issues of work, retirement and social expenditure (dependency ratio).