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Start Over Topic amygdala Publication Year Range Last 10 years Language spanish; castilian
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1. Ablative stereotactic neurosurgery for irreducible neuroaggressive disorder in pediatric patients.

Author

Hernández Salazar M, Zarate Méndez A, Meneses Luna O, Ledesma Torres L, Paniagua Sierra R, Sánchez Moreno MC, and Serrato Avila JL

Subjects
Adolescent, Aggression, Child, Child Behavior Disorders complications, Child Behavior Disorders diagnosis, Child Behavior Disorders drug therapy, Dandy-Walker Syndrome complications, Female, Humans, Intellectual Disability complications, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuroimaging, Psychotropic Drugs therapeutic use, Surgery, Computer-Assisted, Treatment Outcome, Amygdala surgery, Child Behavior Disorders surgery, Gyrus Cinguli surgery, Hypothalamus, Posterior surgery, Internal Capsule surgery, Psychosurgery methods, Stereotaxic Techniques
Abstract

Introduction and Objectives: The irreducible neuroaggressive disorder (IND) is a well-described entity known to be associated with impulsive and aggressive behavior. While various studies have assessed available pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment regimens, patients with IND continue to pose a major threat to themselves and society. While targeted stereotactic therapy for IND has gained traction in recent years, there is a paucity of information describing comparative effectiveness of different validated anatomic regions. In this paper, we discuss the surgical results for patients with IND following targeted lesional therapy with a special focus on selection criteria and operative methods. The objective is to analyze the efficacy and safety of the different described targets for this disorder in pediatric patients., Materials and Methods: Eight pediatric patients met strict criteria for IND and were enrolled in this study. Electroencephalography (EEG), video electroencephalography (VEEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in all patients prior to surgery. Irreducible neuroagressive symptom was approached by lesional therapy based on most described targets for this disorder and assessed by The Overt Agressive Scale (OAS) pre-operatively and 6 months following surgery, using Wilcoxon test for statistical analysis., Results and Conclusions: The average patient age was 13 years 2 months. 7 of the 8 patients enrolled had intellectual disabilities, 1 patient suffered neurologic sequelae referable to Dandy Walker syndrome and 7 patients had no preoperative anatomical alterations. Following surgery, patients with IND noted improvement in their OAS. On average, the OAS improved by 39.29% (P=.0156), a figure similar in comparison to studies assessing treatment of IND in adult patients. The most satisfactory results were achieved in patients whose ablative therapy involved the Amygdala in their targets. There were no deaths or permanent neurological deficits attributable to procedure. To the author's knowledge, this is the largest series described in the literature for pediatric patients with IND treated with lesional stereotactic therapy., (Copyright © 2018 Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Published
2018
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2. Psychopathy: Legal and neuroscientific aspects

Author

Joaquin Ortega-Escobar, Miguel Ángel Alcázar-Córcoles, Leopoldo Puente-Rodríguez, and Enrique Peñaranda-Ramos

Subjects
Psychopathy, Legal aspects, Criminal liability, Dangerous offenders, Amygdala, Prefrontal cortex, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law, K201-487, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Psychopathy is characterised by emotional disturbances that affect interpersonal behaviour and decision-making. The objective of this paper is to review the most recent contributions to the field of neuroscience of psychopathy and the implications that this disorder has on the criminal legal field. In regards to this last aspect, we evaluate the issue of psychopaths’ accountability and the incidence of psychopathy in many other penal institutions. In terms of the contributions of neuroscience, we will focus on the orbitofrontal (ofPFC) and ventromedial (vmPFC) regions of the frontal lobes and on the amygdala. Data spanning from the nineteenth century to the present indicate that damage to the ofPFC and vmPFC is the basis of behaviours that have been referred to as pseudopsychopathic. The earlier during brain development the damage occurs, the more likely these behaviours will resemble those of psychopaths. The damage to the amygdala is rather related to impairments in the ability to distinguish facial expressions of fear and the capacity to feel emotions. Damage to ofPFC, vmPFC, and amygdala are highly relevant to the expression of pseudopsychopathic behaviours.

Published
2017
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3. Revisión sistemática sobre las diferencias de volumen y densidad celular de la amígdala entre individuos neurotípicos e individuos con trastorno de espectro autista

Author

Martínez García, José Andrés, Olucha Bordonau, Francisco Eliseo, and Universitat Jaume I. Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina.

Subjects
amígdala, neuroanatomía, volume, densidad celular, Grau en Medicina, neuroanatomy, Bachelor's Degree in Medicine, trastorno del espectro autista, Grado en Medicina, autism spectrum disorder, amygdala, volumen, cell density
Abstract

Treball Final de Grau en Medicina. Codi: MD1158. Curs acadèmic: 2019/2020 Introducción: El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es un síndrome caracterizado por alteraciones en el reconocimiento y comportamiento social, atención, interés y comorbilidades como la ansiedad. La amígdala telencefálica es el principal centro que procesa ese tipo de información por lo que las alteraciones observadas en individuos con TEA podrían ser la manifestación de déficits en la estructura y función de esta estructura cerebral. Objetivos: Evaluar si hay diferencias significativas entre individuos con TEA e individuos neurotípicos en cuanto a densidad celular o volumen de la amígdala. Metodología: Se han revisado 11 trabajos científicos a partir de una búsqueda sistemática en Pubmed. Se han creado dos tablas para recoger y resumir los datos de los estudios y sus resultados. Resultados: En varios de los estudios que investigaban las diferencias de volumen se vio que los grupos con TEA tenían un volumen de la amígdala significativamente mayor que el grupo control, ocurriendo esto con mayor frecuencia e intensidad en los grupos de menor edad, en la amígdala derecha y en los subgrupos con TEA más grave. En los tres estudios que valoraban la densidad celular, se observó una densidad de neuronas (núcleo lateral) y de oligodendrocitos significativamente menor dentro del grupo con TEA. Un estudio observó, también, un aumento significativo de la densidad de espinas dendríticas en las neuronas de la amígdala de niños y adolescentes con TEA. Conclusión: La amígdala en individuos con TEA se desarrolla de forma anormal y es distinta a una amígdala neurotípica. La amígdala puede tener por tanto un papel fundamental dentro de esta patología, y ser responsable de características de la misma como el déficit en el comportamiento social o la ansiedad. Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a syndrome characterized by alterations in recognition and social behavior, attention, interest, and comorbidities such as anxiety. The telencephalic amygdala is the main center that processes this type of information, so the alterations observed in individuals with ASD could be the manifestation of deficits in the structure and function of this brain structure. Objectives: To assess if there are significant differences between individuals with ASD and neurotypic individuals in terms of cell density or amygdala volume. Methodology: A total 11 scientific papers have been reviewed from a systematic search in Pubmed. Two tables have been created to collect and summarize the data from the studies and their results. Results: In several of the studies investigating the differences in volume, it was found that the groups with ASD had a significantly greater volume of the amygdala than the control group, this occurring with greater frequency and intensity in the younger groups, in the right amygdala and the subgroups with more severe ASD features. In the three studies assessing cell density, it was found a significant lower number of neurons in the lateral nucleus and oligodendrocyte in the ASD group when comparing to the control group. A study also observed a significant increase in the density of dendritic spines in amygdala neurons in children and teenagers with ASD. Conclusion: The amygdala in individuals with ASD develops abnormally and is different from a neurotypical amygdala. The amygdala can therefore have a fundamental role in this pathology and be responsible for its main features such as deficits in social behavior or anxiety.

Published
2020