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Ser considerada una de las mejores compañías de Estados Unidos es un gran honor, pero la buena reputación no exime a estas empresas de encontrar aspectos negativos en la Wikipedia, la enciclopedia en línea editada en colaboración. Mediante un análisis de contenido de las compañías que tienen mejor y peor reputación de Estados Unidos, este estudio demuestra que el contenido negativo de los artículos corporativos que se publican en la Wikipedia supera el contenido positivo con independencia de la reputación de la empresa. Se ha comprobado que tanto las mejores como las peores compañías contienen más contenidos negativos que positivos. Es una cuestión importante, puesto que la Wikipedia no es solo uno de los lugares web más populares del mundo, sino que se ha convertido en uno de los primeros lugares para buscar información corporativa. A pesar de que se han encontrado más contenidos relacionados con la responsabilidad social corporativa en las entradas de las diez compañías con mejor reputación, estos quedaban eclipsados por cuestiones vinculadas con escándalos o asuntos legales. La conclusión es que los profesionales de las relaciones públicas tendrían que supervisar y actualizar periódicamente sus artículos corporativos en la Wikipedia con independencia de la compañía para la que trabajen.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a time where social media allows increased conversations about it. These conversations have spread various conspiracies about vaccines against COVID-19. It is, therefore, necessary to develop communication strategies, led by official accounts, that offer accessible information on vaccination as a preventive public health strategy. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of public institutions on Twitter campaign #yomevacuno to deal with misinformation about vaccination against COVID-19., Methods: This paper performs a social network analysis and content analysis of Twitter data, using NodeXL software, from December 8 th to 23 rd , 2020. Tweets included content #yomevacuno hashtag., Results: A total of 6,080 interactions were collected, 82% were tweets. Data shows that public institutions generate 53.36% of traffic information, the most important was the Ministerio de Sanidad from Spain. Content analysis revealed that 48% of a sample of 50 Tweets the message was focused on vaccination as a social responsibility to defeat COVID-19 pandemic., Conclusions: The communication strategy of #yomevacuno hashtag, has been led by the Ministerio de Sanidad of Spain, by comparison to other campaigns in which there was no large presence of public institutions. This case represents the importance of social media as a way to spread information and prevention, even in public health and the need for them to be led by public organizations rather than by individual users., Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Nigerian has been grappling with battered image since independence but more so since the return of the nation to civilian rule in 1999. The various governments, conscious of the importance of good reputation at a time interdependence among nations is a necessity, have been embarking on image laundry activities but largely, the nation is perceived as a corrupt, insecure, lawless and economically weak nation with people who are not to be trusted for serious partnership. This has worsened with the negative stereotype of developing nations by global media. But developments in the entertainment industry—music, movie, comedy and related content making enterprises—which have produced several influencers, indicate that notwithstanding negative portrayal, social media influencers have made contents that have popularized and portray them in positive ways and through that, endear themselves to global audiences, using the social media. This gives rise to the need to find out whether the visibility of Social Media Influencers could be exploited to change the negative image of the country and to find out how the social media influencers could help in this regard, among other objectives. Using the library research approach, the paper analyses the relationship between the media and national image, the role of social media in image building as well as examine how popular social media influencers through their contents can boost Nigeria’s image. The SMIs analyzed were selected based on news publications of their popularities on the different social media platforms such as TikTok, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. The publications include top 10 lists of most popular people on these social media platforms and most popular viral contents by Nigerians in the past few years leading up to 2022. Supported by the precepts of perception and technological determinism theories respectively, the paper notes that updating of the perception of the country can occur through the interaction with the observed, in this case the SMIs and that technology (social media) can be leveraged upon to solve Nigeria’s image problem. It concludes that if the SMIs could make positive impacts as demonstrated by their large followings at the global stage, they could deploy their energies to create positive image for Nigeria. It recommends the deliberate involvement of SMIs as forces that can cause a positive update of the perspective of the global audience about Nigeria in the effort to change the narrative that has been built around the nation and indeed change the image of the country in order to rebrand and reposition it in the comity of nations.

This paper builds on the concept of ‘tagging aesthetics’ (Bozzi, 2020b) to discuss new media art projects that combine machine vision and social media to address how different kinds of socio-technical subjects are assembled through AI. The premise outlines how the naturalisation of machine vision involves a range of subjects, juxtaposed along different conflictual lines: ontological (human-machine), biopolitical (classifier-classified), socio-technical (tech worker-data cleaner), political (AI-viewing public). Embracing the ambiguity inherent in the shifting boundaries of these subjects, I analyse works by different new media artists who approach one or more of these juxtapositions by engaging with diverse forms of tagging. The practice of tagging is often discussed through data-driven analyses of hashtags and how related publics can be mapped, but in my framework, tagging can encompass a wider spectrum of techno-social practices of connection (e.g. geotagging, tagging users). I discuss artworks by Kate Crawford and Trevor Paglen, Dries Depoorter and Max Dovey to illustrate how these practices can be leveraged artistically to make visible and even ‘stitch together’ the manifold subjects of machine vision. I explain how those taggings denaturalise processes of socio-technical classification by activating awareness, if not agency, through the sheer proximity they enact. Far from being a tool to map knowledge and essentialised identities, tagging aesthetics are ways to perform the techno-social and shape future cultural encounters with various forms of others. By exploring different approaches to tagging aesthetics – (dis)identification, semi-automated assembly and embodied encounter – this paper illustrates how tagging can be used to culturally negotiate the impact of machine vision in terms of issues such as surveillance and the performance of digital identity.

Introduction: Alternative metrics or altmetrics are non-traditional measurements of scientific production that reflect a publication's influence in social networks and similar channels of dissemination. The aim of this study was to analyze the media impact of Archivos de Bronconeumología according to 2 altmetric aggregators and website visits., Methods: This was an observational study of the original articles and review and consensus articles published in Archivos de Bronconeumología during the period 2014-2018. Data from the PlumX Metrics and Altmetric aggregators and visits to the Archivos de Bronconeumología website were analyzed. Five comparisons were made: by specialty area, by funding received, by number of participating centers, by document type, and by topic. In a subanalysis, altmetrics were correlated with the conventional citation system., Results: We analyzed 273 papers, of which 186 were original articles (68.1%). The papers that achieved greater media impact in the 2 aggregators analyzed, and in terms of website visits, were pulmonology papers and review and consensus articles. The mean Altmetric Attention Score was 1.9±4.4 (range 0-59), which is above average for the date of publication of the paper. A statistically significant weak to moderate correlation was identified between altmetrics and conventional citations., Conclusions: Review articles, consensus documents, and pulmonology papers had a greater media impact. Mean Altmetric Attention Score was higher than the average based on the date of publication. A weak to moderate correlation between altmetrics and conventional citations was identified., (Copyright © 2020. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Las nuevas tecnologías digitales han modificado sustancialmente la forma en la cual se comunica el conocimiento científico. Este trabajo se propone evaluar el impacto de la implementación de un plan de comunicación sociodigital para la revista Arqueología (Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires), diseñado para favorecer la diseminación y el alcance de los contenidos publicados a través del ecosistema digital. Para ello se realizó una propuesta metodológica a fin de evaluar su visibilidad en las redes sociales, el comportamiento de los usuarios en la página web y el impacto de los contenidos publicados durante el período 2018-2022, a partir de distintos indicadores altmétricos y bibliométricos. Como resultado se constató que los efectos de la pandemia, así como la ejecución de una estrategia de difusión, aumentaron la visibilidad de la publicación en redes sociales, generando un incremento en la cantidad de visualizaciones y descargas de los artículos. Estos hallazgos subrayan la relevancia de considerar diversas dimensiones de interacción en línea para comprender el impacto académico de las investigaciones científicas = New digital technologies have modified the way scientific knowledge is being communicated. This work intends to evaluate the impact of a socio-digital communication plan implemented for the journal Arqueología (Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires), designed to boost the distribution and outreach of published content in the digital ecosystem. We proposed a method to evaluate the journal’s visibility in social networks, website user behavior and the impact of the published content from 2018 to 2022, based on different altmetric and bibliometric indicators. The results of said analysis show that the effects of the pandemic coupled with the implementation of a dissemination strategy increased the journal’s visibility in social networks, which in turn produced an increase in the number of views and downloads of its papers. These findings highlight the importance of considering various types of online interaction to better understand the academic impact of scientific research.

In the field of health, information and communication technology (ICT) can create a space that, regardless of place or time, enables information to be shared and disseminated quickly. In addition to the usual challenges of evaluating public health activities, other difficulties are present when evaluating activities using ICT, such as lack of previous standards, unknown individual exposure or lack of information on the characteristics of those exposed. The aim of this paper is to describe some tools and indicators that may help to assess the scope, use and parameters related to website positioning on search engines as well as the connected social networks., (Copyright © 2017 SESPAS. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

What does it take for a citizen movement to topple a deep-rooted authoritarian regime? This paper analyses the successes and failures of citizen-led social media campaigns in Zimbabwe. Using data drawn from an extensive ethnographic study of 50 WhatsApp and Facebook communities, this paper studies the conditions under which citizen activism, particularly those movements that originate on social media, become street protests that can effectively unseat an illegitimate regime. I find that the success of recent movements – evidenced by policy changes and increased citizen participation – is in part because of the rise of a youth citizenry that does not feel indebted to the liberation struggle. Zimbabwean born frees are more willing to take political risks by speaking candidly about politics online and mobilizing their peers.

The purpose of this paper is to determine which elements of Twitter stimulate the dissemination of messages in the microblogging community. We collected a database of 1,112 Spanish-speaking users for this study who had mentioned the keyword "Nissan" in their tweets, and performed a multiple regression analysis. We have found that certain characteristics of tweets (longer tweets that express feelings through mentions and lexical diversity) obtain higher dissemination rates compared to those that do not. Hashtags and links seem to distract users from processing the information and do not act as heuristic cues. Users want to find heuristic cues that help them process information easily in social media. However, the use of links or hashtags in tweets does not help with dissemination, as these elements distract users and decrease the limited writing space available. This paper offers insightful options for brands, marketers and professionals on how to maximize the impact of social media at no additional cost.

Commodification is «the transformation of goods, services, ideas and people into standardized objects of trade». The establishment of an unsustainable economic system has long been linked to the commodification of nature. This paper presents a view of commodification as a process that has applied to a growing spectrum of human affairs, which includes not only nature, goods and labor, but also our body, experiences and relationships. The enabling role of technoscience is discussed. The road to reconciliation —with nature, each other and ourselves— needs to recognize and appreciate what is unique and irreplaceable. This paper concludes with some possible roads for the use of technology as a tool for this reconciliation. Reversing this process if essential if we wish to establish a sustainable economy and a more human society.

The tenet of this investigation, stemming from Conoscenti (2016 and 2017), is that since 2014 the NATO military have been unable to introduce specific correctives to their social media strategy, particularly on Facebook, thus endangering their role and strategic capabilities. This paper builds on the chance that the author had to attend and lead, as a subject-matter expert, the NATO working groups that are active in this specific communicative environment. This also offered him the opportunity to be a participant observer and to access specific documents of the discourse community under scrutiny. After clarifying the elements that frame the military operations in this field, the current NATO communication on Facebook will be analysed in contrast to its communication in 2014. The paper also aims to document the effort of younger military generations to adapt to this new scenario. To account for this, an analysis of military discourse methodology is used. To achieve this goal a multimodal analysis approach (Conoscenti, 2017; Norris, 2011; Kress, 2010) is blended with netnography (Kozinet, Dolbec and Earley, 2014). Since the NATO Facebook page is a specific case of Computer-Mediated Communication to be analysed with a Discourse Analysis perspective that incorporates content analysis, this can be achieved through an extended paradigm of WebCA (Herring, 2010).

As social media continues to evolve, visual information has become a significant aspect in the media sector. Short videos on Instagram have revolutionized digital journalism and impacted management processes and journalistic practices in many ways. This paper aims to examine how reels are reshaping the way the news organizations make visual information available to the audience. Through a quantitative and qualitative approach, the profile of four of the main Portuguese national newspapers on the social network Instagram is analyzed. In the period under analysis, all of them increased the number of followers, presented differences and similarities in the use of strategies in the distribution of reels, used short videos in their strategies in order to be able to involve their target audience more. Furthermore, they discussed how the use of reels on Instagram has transformed communication management, such as the adoption of multimedia reporting and the integration of social media in news distribution. This article provides valuable insight into the evolving nature of digital journalism and the impact of social media on management processes and journalistic practices.

Since the emergence of Online Travel Reviews (OTRs), the collective co-creation of a destination brand image has been more evident than ever before. Stories and emotions expressed in these platforms by experienced tourists can significantly influence other users’ intention to visit. This study explores the extent to which political matters like the incidents that occurred during the last quarter of 2017 related with the Catalan independence process may have a negative impact on the brand image of a destination. This paper has used a specific methodology for content analysis of social media in the field of tourism to study the worst rated OTRs (one-star) of seven different attractions of Barcelona in three social media platforms that are able to geolocate places (TripAdvisor, Google Maps and Facebook) to determine the nature, discourses and the emotions raised. Although most complaints refer to the intrinsic problems of the attractions like high entrance prices and long queues due to tourism overcrowding, results reveal that OTR platforms also include tourists’ personal opinions on such issues as politics and religion. The originality of this research paper is that it delves into users’ co-creation of destination brand image through the analysis of negative OTRs and the emotions expressed in their comments.

The title of this paper is a play on words re-working the word democracy into demos-crazy. This re-working however is not a joke as the election of authoritarian illiberal candidates in the United States, the Philippines, Hungary, Turkey and Brazil (to name but a few) has called into question the future shape of politics. Electoral politics is under siege by new parties as well as spontaneous movements. There are fundamental questions which need to be addressed. What are the reasons for the rise of right-wing populism? Is populism undemocratic? What has been the role of social media and ICTs in helping to create a new political spectrum? Politically and socially what does it mean if we have entered a post-truth age? The demos has not become crazy but democracy is certainly in retreat. This paper argues that liberalism needs to construct an honest counter-narrative in contrast to the fear-mongering and false nostalgia of the right. The rhetoric of the right is opportunistic, but it would be a fatal mistake to dismiss its appeals. After all, it has won elections. The demos is not crazy, but has been ignored and in many cases left behind. Positive populism is grounded in human dignity and fairness. This is the essence of democracy.

Prison agencies around the world are reporting a rise in the use of illicit communication devices in prison. Nevertheless, there have been no criminological studies examining prisoners’ online behavior. Using Russia as a case study, this paper reports findings from new research on prisoners’ illicit internet use and the effects on prisoner agency and prison structure. Our main finding is that Russian penality sits at the nexus of two processes. First, penality is de-institutionalised whereby the prison, discursively speaking, is no longer fixed to a built form. Second, penality is reflexively re-territorialised by placing prisoner agency onto a third space. The paper presents a new conceptual framework of prisoners as absent, which reveals Russian penality as culturally contingent and politically resilient. The interplay between de-institutionalisation and re-territorialisation has produced a new penal imaginary - a carceral motif for the twenty first century - in the form of a virtual world. Con Rusia como estudio de caso, este artículo informa acerca de los hallazgos de nuevas investigaciones sobre el uso ilícito de Internet por parte de los reclusos, y de los efectos sobre la agencia de los reclusos y sobre la estructura de la prisión. Nuestro principal hallazgo es que las prisiones de Rusia son el punto de encuentro de dos procesos: primero, la vida en prisión se desinstitucionaliza, de modo que la prisión, en sentido discursivo, ya no está vinculada a una edificación; segundo, la existencia carcelaria se reterritorializa de forma reflexiva, a través de la traslación de la agencia del prisionero a un tercer espacio. El artículo presenta un marco conceptual nuevo de prisioneros en ausencia, que revela que la vida carcelaria de Rusia es culturalmente contingente y políticamente resiliente. La interrelación entre desinstitucionalización y reterritorialización ha producido un nuevo imaginario - un motivo carcelario para el siglo XXI - en forma de mundo virtual. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=3116813

Sharenting has been analyzed from different perspectives, introducing insights into the risks and opportunities of presenting children’s lives on social media. Researchers have addressed how this phenomenon impacts the lives of influencers, children, youth, and parents who engage in sharenting on YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok. From the perspective of “sharenters”, there is a common assumption that sharenting is not problematic, as they control and ensure the safety of children. However, some studies highlight the threats and consequences of this practice to the integrity of minors on the internet. In this paper, we analyze the perception of parents who are unfamiliar with the phenomenon of influencer sharenting on YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok, to understand their ethical concerns as seen from outside the communities of celebrity practices and their followers. Through a survey of 350 Ibero-American parents, we explored their opinions of this phenomenon, the reasons why they think influencers share their children’s lives, the potential risks, and whether there is a correlation between their use of social media and sharenting. Parents argued that there was a lack of moral integrity among influencers, and emphasized the importance of protecting children to avoid transforming them into promotional assets. We conclude that beyond the privacy policies of these platforms, further research should address how the unique affordances of these platforms impact children’s safety on the internet.

This paper originates from the results of the EU financed project, ECOPSI, which advanced understanding about the professional competences of European public relations and communication managers. The paper focuses on deficiencies in competences that practitioners identify for themselves and on the needs for the future generation that will perform four professional roles: chief communication officer (CCO), crisis communication, social media, and internal communication. Questions to understand the roles and their future requirements were defined around: means for achievement of current competences to perform the role, competence gaps, specialized competences, and future needs. They were explored with qualitative methodology through 53 in depth interviews. The analysis of data shows that European professionals understand and evaluate their way of performing the practice through a complex framework of competences. The findings provide evidence of synergies in the understanding and interpretation of the four roles and there is common identification of on-going gaps and future needs, suggesting that public relations is a maturing discipline with an accumulated set of standards in Europe. The study also targets the capacity of intervention for advancing the profession to an approach of knowledge acquisition and supporting the previous academic consensus about the necessity of a body of knowledge and specialized skills for professionalization

This paper is part of a research project that looks at how management of intangible assets can play a role to rebuild trust in the public sector. More specifically, it looks at legitimacy conceptualized as an intangible asset. The aim is to explore the logic of legitimacy judgments about public organizations and to assess whether there is congruence between a ministry (and the minister)’s actions and how the media perceive and assess them. Four types of legitimacy are examined: ‘Procedural’, based on evaluations of the soundness of the ministry’s procedures and processes; ‘Consequential’, which regards outcomes, results and achievements of the ministry’s public policies; ‘Structural’ refers to buildings, working policies, budgets and resources; and finally, ‘Personal legitimacy’ regards judgments which refer to the minister. It is also analyzed whether these dynamics of the legitimacy judgment followed a hybridization logic between online and offline organizational communication and between online and offline media. The analysed organization is the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, 2011-2015. Based on findings, the paper discusses practical implications for government communication legitimacy strategies.

Since IT projects have been the key to success in today’s competitive environment, the adoption of most appropriate tools for managing these projects is essential. Social media, such as wikis, blogs and microblogs, have emerged to facilitate knowledge management in new ways, and subsequently contribute to project success. However, companies underexplore these tools as support in project management. Some of the challenges faced by project managers are organizational culture, lack of familiarity with the tools and with data storage solutions. The objective of this paper is twofold: 1. Analyze the use of social media in project management, specifically in IT projects; and 2. Provide a research agenda for the use of social media in project management. This is an exploratory qualitative study based on hermeneutic approach. The literature review is based on academic papers published in the last 10 years and searchable by Google Scholar. The literature review shows that despite the potential of social media in project management, most of the empirical evidence presented in the literature so far involves adoption of a single tool or separate tools. The research agenda provides guidance for further research on the application of social media in IT project management (ITPM). This paper contributes to practice by offering project managers a broad view of how social media are being used and how they can be adopted in ITPM in the coming years.

This study aims at explaining the impact of Instagram social media influencers on behavioural intentions (i.e., intentions to interact with them and recommend them, and also purchase the products they endorse or post). It focuses on influencers’ expertise and their role as opinion and taste leaders. Based on opinion leadership theory, a survey was conducted on 210 Instagram users. Main findings reveal that post originality, uniqueness, and quality impact on influencers’ opinion leadership which, in turn, impacts on behavioural intentions. Influencers’ expertise impacts on the intention to recommend the influencers and purchase the products posted, while influencers’ taste leadership only influences the intention to interact with them. Few papers analyse the direct effects of influencers’ expertise and opinion and taste leadership on followers’ behavioural intentions. Consequently, when designing a social media marketing campaign influencers’ selection should be made according to those traits which stimulate specific behaviours such as fostering interaction, increase electronic word of mouth or persuade to purchase the products posted. In case of product endorsements, selecting influencers with acknowledged expertise is recommended as they will cause an impact on the intention to purchase endorsed products. Influencers perceived as opinion leaders have an overall influence on their followers’ behavioural intentions.

From the beginning, one of the most controversial features of the interaction on the Internet was the frequency of aggression and explicit violence in verbal exchanges. After two decades of the emergence of these spaces of virtual interaction, new discursive practices on the web have appeared and with them, new forms of violence that occur not only in forums, chats or blogs but in practice - like the newspapers- that they seemed beyond these verbal wars. In this paper we analyze one of the most widespread interactive practices in the public sphere, the comment in digital newspapers, which -even moderately- is common to find this type of behavior. In this paper, we propose to consider what kind of interpersonal / institutional relationship between the newspaper and its readers can sustain this kind of violent exchanges in the public sphere. The theoretical framework of this article is critical and multimodal discourse analysis (Fairclough 2003; Kress 2003, 2010). For the analysis of texts, the notion of image (Goffman1981) and politeness theory (Brown and Levinson 1978) and contributions to this model made Lavandera (1988), Bravo (2002) and Hernández Flores (2004) allow us to analyze the treatment of the image and the discursive strategies that remark changes in interpersonal and institutional relationship. The systemic functional linguistics (Halliday 2004) and appraisal theory (Martin and White 2005) allow us to analyze the evaluative resources in these texts. The corpus analyzed consists of a series of 70 news of one of major media of Argentina: La Nación.com.

This paper considers current cuts to social housing provision in the UK made in the name of austerity. It focuses particularly on the ‘bedroom tax’ —the cut to housing benefit for working-age social housing tenants whose property is deemed to provide more bedrooms than they need. It begins by explaining the long-standing political project of social housing in the UK. This background is important to explain the emergence of a discursively ghettoized population within social housing. We then turn to the ‘bedroom tax’ itself. We consider the two quite separate rationales underpinning its introduction. One rationale —fairness— is the focus of the politicians; the other —under-occupation— provides the focus for policy analysts. Both offer different versions of truth about the social in social housing and both are unconvincing. For us, this is significant because the politics of austerity require the support of public opinion. We then consider some strategies of resistance to the ‘bedroom tax’ which harness the disruptive potential of fairness before concluding that the bedroom tax requires relatively little unpacking to reveal it as an ideological device which operates to increase inequality whilst deploying a rhetoric of fairness. Este artículo analiza los recortes en las prestaciones de viviendas sociales que se realizan actualmente en el Reino Unido en nombre de la austeridad. Se centra particularmente en el 'impuesto dormitorio' -el recorte en el subsidio de vivienda para inquilinos en edad de trabajar, cuya vivienda se considera que tiene más dormitorios de los que necesitan. Comienza explicando el proyecto político de viviendas sociales, de larga tradición en el Reino Unido. Estos antecedentes son importantes para explicar el surgimiento de guetos en las viviendas sociales. A continuación se centra en el "impuesto dormitorio” en sí mismo. Se analizan los dos diferentes motivos que sustentan su promulgación. Una es la razón esgrimida por los políticos -legitimidad-, la otra –baja ocupación-, la esgrimen los analistas políticos. Ambos ofrecen diferentes versiones de la verdad acerca de lo social en materia de vivienda social y ambos son poco convincentes. En nuestra opinión, esto es relevante porque las políticas de austeridad requieren del apoyo de la opinión pública. Después consideramos algunas estrategias de resistencia al "impuesto dormitorio" que aprovechan el potencial disruptivo de equidad, antes de concluir que es relativamente sencillo revelarlo como un instrumento ideológico que opera para aumentar la desigualdad, a la vez que utiliza una retórica de equidad. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2565733

This paper studies the online communication strategies of world leaders during the war in Ukraine from February 24, 2022, to January 23, 2023. To analyze the collected data, various qualitative and quantitative methods such as content and sentiment analysis were used. The findings indicate that the majority of world leaders communicate via Twitter, and their tweets are mainly positive in tone. The most active communication strategies involve using hashtags related to the issues of the war, retweeting messages from other leaders, and issuing statements about the conflict. The results suggest that the participating leaders position themselves as the voice of the nation and emphasize the importance of international solidarity in achieving peace. Furthermore, the study reveals that the leaders are highly engaged in bidirectional communication, with the majority of messages focused on people's safety and the need for a diplomatic solution. The findings of this study could help policymakers understand how online communication plays a role in international conflict resolution as well as how world leaders can effectively use online communication to engage with their public.

Although many cases of the so-called Cancel Culture in the American and British colleges and are taking place nowadays, social science researchers claim for a better understanding of the phenomenon and a clarification of the concept. In this context, cultural perspectives can be an interesting tool to illuminate facts and meanings. This paper tries to contribute to this debate introducing theoretical aspects as well as case studies from the Hispanic context. To achieve this goal, first three different approaches to the Cancel Culture (critical, institutional, and moral) are explained. Then, we examine the role of social media and the new “fear of isolation”, connecting Cancel Culture with the classic theory of the spiral of silence (Noelle-Neumann, 1974). We complement the theoretical discussion with an exploratory work on cases of Cancel Culture in different Hispanic countries. Observing characteristics of those cases we can conclude that they do not follow the traces of the Anglosaxon world, but they share some aspects of the culture of fear in the new digital context. This is the first academic work in this field for the situation in Latin America and Spain.

ResumenEste artículo ofrece un análisis comparativo de los factores de liderazgo en el sector de las relaciones públicas y la gestión de la comunicación entre España y el conjunto de los 23 países que han participado en el Cross-Cultural Cultural Study of Leadership in Public Relations and Communication Management, promovido por la Universidad de Alabama y financiado por IBM y Heyman Associates. Siguiendo el modelo conceptual de Meng y Berger (2011), se abordan los desafíos que afrontan las relaciones públicas en la actualidad, así como los requisitos y características de los ‘líderes excelentes’. Los resultados obtenidos suponen un avance en el conocimiento científico sobre el liderazgo en la gestión de comunicación, un tema aún de escaso desarrollo en la literatura académica internacional y especialmente poco explorado en España.AbstractThis paper offers a comparative analysis of leadership dimensions in public relations and communication management between Spain and a group of 23 countries which have participated in the Cross-Cultural Study of Leadership in Public relations and CommunicationManagement, conducted by the University of Alabama and financed by IBM and Heymann Associates. Following the conceptual model from Meng and Berger (2011), this paper investigates the challenges faced by public relations, as well as the prerequisites of excellent leaders. Achieved results make a breakthrough in scientific knowledge about leadership in communication management, a little developed subject in academic literature, especially in Spain.

This paper aims to deepen our understanding of the relationship between young people in Mexico and disinformation, while shedding light on their practices and perceptions around this phenomenon. I have chosen a qualitative perspective to delve into the ways that Mexican college students interact and deal with the growing problem of false news in the current media landscape. Thus, I conducted semi-structured interviews (N = 28) using an elicitation technique, during which participants were exposed to real samples of disinformation content to encourage a conversation around the type of false news that they come across in their daily lives. Results reveal nuances in the ways that college students prefer social media over traditional media, even though they report finding more disinformation in the former. They also show the impact that students’ attitudes and habits have on their relationship with disinformation. Moreover, the study presents evidence that college students critically question disinformation, do not take it at face value, and are not prone to share it. However, findings also highlight differences related to the format in which the false content is presented. For example, TikTok videos were more likely to effectively deceive the viewer, more so than images shared on Facebook. Students also believe that older people are more likely to believe in disinformation, potentially indicating a third-person effect of this content. Lastly, this exploration emphasizes the need to further examine the broader consequences of disinformation and believing in false content, such as a reduced interest in political information.

The present age is called the age of communication. Undoubtedly, in all matters of the world, the most incredible information is on the shoulders of the mass media. Today, the media have influenced the identity of contemporary man by expanding geographical, cultural and political boundaries so that the identity of modern man can be called media identity. The increasing role of new means of mass communication in various parts of human life has led to multiple fields. One area that social media have influenced in the present age is political participation. The present paper sought to test the effect of social media on the Iranian citizens’ willingness to electoral participation political actions using the World Values Survey (WVS) wave 7 data release (49 countries/territories). The results show that social media indirectly, through the mediator variable of political trust, reduces the willingness of individuals to participate in elections. Moreover, the results show that social media, both directly and indirectly, increases citizens’ willingness to engage in political protests.

Resumo Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar a influência das práticas de gerenciamento de mídias sociais no desempenho dos hotéis. Originalidade/valor: O setor hoteleiro está passando por algumas transformações gerenciais por causa da inserção das mídias sociais como plataformas de comunicação que envolvem os clientes. Diante disso, verificar se as mídias sociais podem colaborar nos recursos internos e ajudar no desempenho das empresas tem sido uma fonte potencial de estudos. Design/metodologia/abordagem: A amostra do estudo apresentou 67 hotéis. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas presenciais com gestores hoteleiros a fim de coletar os dados de seus respectivos hotéis. Coletaram-se dados sobre a utilização de práticas de gerenciamento de mídias sociais e sobre medidas de desempenho mensuradas por meio do RevPAR (divisão das receitas pelo total de quartos disponíveis) e das notas de avaliação on-line do site Booking.com. A partir de uma abordagem quantitativa, aplicaram-se as técnicas de análise fatorial exploratória e análise de regressão múltipla para avaliar as hipóteses do estudo. Resultados: Evidenciaram-se que as práticas de gerenciamento de mídias sociais podem ser categorizadas na dimensão de práticas de monitoramento e de resposta aos comentários, e na dimensão de práticas de responsividade e disseminação de informações. A utilização dessas práticas influencia positivamente no desempenho hoteleiro medido por meio de notas de avaliação on-line e nas receitas medidas por meio do RevPAR. Diante dos resultados, espera-se que os hotéis tenham vantagens competitivas ao gerenciarem seus recursos com a ajuda das mídias sociais e que estudos nesse setor ganhem mais visibilidade. / Abstract Purpose: This paper aims to examine the influence of social media management practices on hotel performance. Originality/value: The hotel industry is undergoing organizational transformations due to the insertion of social media as a communication platform that engages customers. Given this, verifying whether social media can collaborate on internal resources and help the companies’ performance has been a potential source of studies. Design/methodology/approach: The study sample comprised 67 hotels. To this end, hotel managers conducted face-to-face interviews to collect data from their respective hotels. Data were collected using social media management practices and performance measures measured through RevPAR (a revenue division by total rooms available) and online review scores from Booking.com. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were applied to evaluate the study’s hypotheses from a quantitative approach. Findings: It was evidenced that social media management practices can be categorized into monitoring and comment responsing practices and the dimension of responsiveness and information dissemination practices. These practices positively influence hotel performance measured through online review scores and revenue measured through RevPAR. Given the results, it is expected that hotels will have competitive advantages by managing their resources with the help of social media and that studies in this sector will gain more visibility.

This paper explores the relationship between social media as tools used by public relations professionals and as part of the daily lives of organizations’ stakeholders, identifying emergent practices in public relations and confronting new perspectives, both professionaland academic, on public relations functions and on its role within organizational communication.Departing from the agreement shared by academics and professionals on a profound shift in public relations as a consequence of the increasingly widespread, intense and frequent use of social media, this paper intends to clarify the nature and terms of that shift. Twoperspectives are confronted: one of them is focused on emergent professional practices and regards social media as tools at the disposal of the PR professional; the other is broader in scope and views social media as a contextual factor that influences both the stakeholders’ behavior patterns and PR practices, thus redefining the role of public relations within organizational communication. The paper presents results from an exploratory study whose goal was to identify a conceptual framework for understanding the impact of social media on public relations.A relevant case study was identified, presenting the solution found by TAP, the Portuguese airline company, to deal with communication crisis involving the social media and to successfully manage social media use as a complementary communication channel. TAP’s social media presence is managed through an articulation of public relations, marketing andcustomer support where public relations assume a pivotal role. Drawing on this case study, we propose the PR pyramid as a theoretical model that redefines the role of public relations as the orchestrator of the consistent, coherent and integrated communication that is demanded by the contemporary digital context.ResumoEste artigo explora a relação entre os media sociais como ferramentas usadas pelos profissionais de relações públicas e como parte da vida quotidiana dos stakeholders das organizações, identificando práticas emergentes em relações públicas e confrontando novas perspetivas, tanto profissionais como académicas, sobre as funções das relações públicas e o seu papel no âmbito da comunicação organizacional.Partindo da concordância entre académicos e profissionais sobre uma mudança profunda nas relações públicas como consequência da utilização cada vez mais generalizada, intensa e frequente dos media sociais, este artigo pretende clarificar a natureza e os termos dessa mudança. Duas perspetivas são confrontadas: uma foca-se em práticas profissionais emergentes e vê os media sociais como ferramentas à disposição dos profissionais de RP; a outra é mais abrangente e concebe os media sociais como um fator contextual que influencia tanto o comportamento dos stakeholders como as práticas de RP, redefinindo o papel das relações públicas no âmbito da comunicação organizacional. Este artigo apresenta resultados de um estudo exploratório cujo objetivo foi a identificação de um enquadramento concetual para a compreensão do impacto dos media sociais nas relações públicas.Um estudo de caso é identificado como relevante para o desenvolvimento do enquadramento concetual pretendido, apresentando a solução encontrada pela TAP, a companhia aérea portuguesa, para lidar com situações de crise envolvendo os media sociais e para gerir com êxito a sua utilização. A presença da TAP nos media sociais é gerida através de uma articulação das relações públicas, do marketing e do apoio ao cliente na qual as relações públicas assumem um papel crucial. A partir deste estudo de caso, propomos a pirâmide das RP como um modelo teórico que redefine o papel das relações públicas como o orquestrador da comunicação consistente, coerente e integrada que é exigida pelo contexto digital contemporâneo.

This paper explores the relationship between adolescents and YouTubers, with the aim of understanding the meaning and extent of the impact of following a given YouTuber. The limited scientific research on this subject has noted the importance of aspects such as the type of content in video broadcasts, the state of mind that these figures impress upon adolescents, and the level of proximity and idealization displayed by younger followers. To conduct this study, we developed and validated an ad hoc questionnaire. The results support the dimensions proposed and perpetuate certain gender roles. We conclude it is necessary to develop critical media education, raising awareness among families and teachers of the importance of this issue and the need to foster a critical approach in young people to “following” these new idols.

Influencers currently play a key role in corporate communications. Their presence is increasing in promotional activities, initiated both by private companies and public institutions, which has transformed them into particularly important figures over the past decade. But what is their specific role in public relations? Are they also part of PR campaigns? Are they considered a useful tool? This paper intends to provide answers to these questions, first by reviewing the academic literature in order to gather information about the current position of influencers within PR campaigns; and next, by analyzing two surveys completed by professionals in the USA and Spain, in order to understand the situation in both countries and to compare them with one another, so as to give a more complete picture of the current scenario. The bibliometric review shows that academia is studying the figure of the influencer, both from a general and a public relations point of view, acknowledging its importance in strategic communication today. Furthermore, the results of the questionnaires reveal that PR companies are actively hiring influencers; that they are considered a good complement to their other tools; and that these partnerships are delivering good results for their clients. Although incorporating them involves challenges, practitioners are improving their managing processes and believe that such collaborations will continue in the future.

Currently, large amounts of health information, mainly in the social media field, have led to an infodemic which, together with the vast misleading and inaccurate information that can be accessed, represents a substantial public health issue. Healthcare professionals can help to identify and even prevent the dissemination of such information, as well as to lead the struggle against it by denying it. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose a guide to be used for the detection of health misinformation focused on health professionals. The model is based on an in-depth analysis, focused on assessing the contextualization of the type of scientific document, the possibility of extrapolation of the information, the causality, as well as the quality of the scientific evidence given. Besides requesting an effort from healthcare professionals to prevent the spread of health disinformation, we believe it is essential to offer tools to easily detect it, whereby training in research methodology is the main tool for healthcare professionals in the fight against misinformation and its negative implications on people's health

This research delves into Twitter analysis, a well-known social media messaging service recently acquired by Elon Musk for $44bn, which we argue to enable researchers to better monitor (and try to solve) the status of the general population regarding the type of user and content of the received messages. With this analysis, it is intended to show the possibility of disseminating reliable, immediate, and high-quality messages (that would be unlikely obtained through official information channels), potentially provoking in this way an exponential impact afterwards. This idea in particular is key, due to any average social media population user and especially from 'Gen Z' (which hold 25% lower attention capacity and 40% lower check of the reliability of sources than its predecessor generation) could easily understand wrongly the massive (and unfiltered) amounts of information received, therefore generating false alarms, beliefs and in some cases, even own welfare losses. To do so, along this paper we propose the development of a pedagogical activity with a multi-methodological approach through which to carry out a qualitative (and cross-sectional) analysis in the degree of ‘Business Administration and Management’ of EDEM-Business School. Thus, the aforementioned activity would constitute a successful teaching innovation exercise as regards to the acquisition of the required competencies and learning outcomes established within the course, as well as to the achievement of a (attainable and consensual) solution to a real problem faced nowadays and selected by the students: in this case, the increase of awareness about the cervical cancer, a type of cancer that is currently the fourth most common among women worldwide and one of the easiest to prevent through screening tests.

This paper investigates how the motivations, practices and experiences of adolescents self-identified as feminists are impacted by social networks. Based on semi-structured interviews, it was investigated how such social networks, especially YouTube, impacted the process of girls’ feminist education. The work concludes that social networks have outlined a “feminization of culture”, a long historical process of cultural change in which respect for the feminine, human dignity and difference are central values

Social media has modified the way that people access news and debate about public issues. Although access to a myriad of data sources can be considered an advantage, some new challenges have emerged, as issues about content legitimacy and veracity start to prevail among users. That transformation of the public sphere propels problematic situations, such as misinformation and fake news. To understand what type of information is being published, it is possible to categorize news automatically using computational tools. Thereby, this short paper presents a platform to retrieve and analyze news, along with promising results towards automatic news classification using a topic modeling approach, which should help audiences to identify news content easier and discusses possible routes to improve the situation in the near future.

Cancer hospitals enforce different initiatives to accelerate digital transformation, such as mobile health or artificial intelligence. Nevertheless, some health professionals are not willing to adopt these technologies. In order to change some employees’ perspectives, these hospitals resort to social media platforms. This paper aims to evaluate how the worlds’ best cancer hospitals manage social media platforms, as well as their corporate website, with the aim of disseminating brand-related content and reinforce their reputation. Therefore, we reviewed literature on cancer hospitals’ corporate communication strategies, brand, social media platforms and online patient communities. We then resorted to 48 quantitative indicators to analyze how the 200 best cancer hospitals in the world managed Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, as well as their corporate website, for branding purposes. In order to identify the 200 best hospitals, we explored the World’s Best Specialized Hospitals 2021, an annual ranking published by Newsweek and Statista. The 48 indicators covered different elements concerning the hospitals’ identity and communication activities, as well as patient engagement on social media platforms. Our quantitative analysis proved that most cancer hospitals had a corporate website (70.5%) as well as a profile on Facebook (74%), Twitter (74.5%) and YouTube (67.5%). Nevertheless, most of them did not respect the 48 key performance indicators. Finally, we proposed three main conclusions: a) cancer hospitals should establish a Corporate Communication Department employing different experts in communication, health and big data; b) they should promote an integrated corporate communication approach; and c) they should implement brand ambassador programmes.

This paper raises two questions: can the Web be a space for public debate? Can this debate be constructive? Adopting a non-normative and not overly narrow definition, it is possible to say that the Web is a space for public debate. However, some of its structural characteristics and some aspects of the dominant social media (individualism and the impossibility of establishing durable bonds of solidarity) can be interpreted as elements that contribute to social polarization on the Web. This makes it difficult to give a clear answer to the second question.

This paper analyses the impact of social media (SM) applications on English Language Teaching (ELT) by focusing on their integration into classroom practice. By drawing on a survey conducted among the students of the “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, two accounts recently set up on TikTok – the SM app based on the creation and sharing of short videos – are considered as tools to improve class practice for the teaching of English vocabulary, pronunciation, and idioms. The quantitative analysis adopted in the survey provides the notional ground for two sample lesson plans in which the integration of these TikTok videos into a Presentation-Practice-Production (PPP) approach is proposed. The motivation aroused by the short videos and the students’ perceived usefulness of these profiles prove instrumental in devising teaching strategies that may be successfully implemented in the EFL/ESL classroom.

In Italy, affectivity seems to become increasingly fluid and related to the use of social media: according to Censis, 90.2% of Italians between 14 and 29 years use the Internet, 86.3% have a smartphone and 85.1% have an active social account. Nonetheless, the Italian Institute of Statistics censuses, updated to 2020, show that one in three Italian families is made up of a single component. Italian adults, today, seem to be devoted to singleness: a new status quo increased by 10 percentage points compared to the early 2000s. Furthermore, singleness is often seen as a forced choice, due to the impact of scarce job opportunities and the Italian economic situation on the chances of emancipation of young people from their family of origin. This paper aims to stress the need of the recovery of symbolic and inter-relational values of Italian families, regardless of their composition, embracing an emotional and sentimental education firmly anchored to reality and competently informed by the ethics of love as a gift of self and care of others.