Search

ABSTRACT Introduction: Trauma primarily affects the economically active population, causing social and economic impact. The non-operative management of solid organ injuries aims to preserve organ function, reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with surgical interventions. The aim of study was to demonstrate the epidemiological profile of patients undergoing non-operative management in a trauma hospital and to evaluate factors associated with mortality in these patients. Methods: This is a historical cohort of patients undergoing non-operative management for solid organ injuries at a Brazilian trauma reference hospital between 2018 and 2022. Included were patients with blunt and penetrating trauma, analyzing epidemiological characteristics, blood transfusion, and association with the need for surgical intervention. Results: A total of 365 patients were included in the study. Three hundred and forty-three patients were discharged (93.97%), and the success rate of non-operative treatment was 84.6%. There was an association between mortality and the following associated injuries: hemothorax, sternal fracture, aortic dissection, and traumatic brain injury. There was an association between the need for transfusion and surgical intervention. Thirty-eight patients required some form of surgical intervention. Conclusion: The profile of patients undergoing non-operative treatment consists of young men who are victims of blunt trauma. Non-operative treatment is safe and has a high success rate.

ABSTRACT Objective: Establish the frequency of incidences, management, and description of the relationship between thoracic and abdominal trauma and spinal injury. Methods: Observational, retrospective study of quantitative analysis carried out through the analysis of medical records of patients who presented spinal fractures and associated thoracoabdominal injuries. The participants were treated at a reference hospital in trauma care in Curitiba-PR from 2019 to 2021. The data were from patients with spine fractures referring to gender, age, trauma mechanism, fracture classification, associated injuries, Frankel neurological scale, and proposed treatment. Results: There was a predominance of male patients (84.5%) and young, with a mean age of 37.3 years, victims of car accidents. The main vertebrae affected were the lumbar spine (36.8%) and thoracic spine (36.2%). The most prevalent associated injuries were extra vertebral and cervical spine fractures. The most observed thoracic injuries were hemothorax, chest contusion, and fracture of multiple costal arches, while the most observed abdominal injuries were kidney injury, hemoperitoneum/abdominal hematoma, and liver injury. Of the total patients analyzed, 68% had fractures with associated thoracoabdominal injuries. Conclusion: Abdominal and thoracic injuries are frequently associated with spine fractures, with an association of 14.6% and 53.4%, respectively. The production of knowledge on the subject contributes to creating action plans to optimize the management and reduce the morbidity and mortality of these cases. Levels of evidence III; Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT Introduction: in Brazil, trauma is responsible for 40% of deaths in the age group between 5 and 9 years old, and 18% between 1 and 4 years, and bleeding is the leading cause of preventable death in the traumatized child. Conservative management of blunt abdominal trauma with solid organs injury - started in the 60s - is the current world trend, with studies showing survival rates above 90%. The objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of conservative treatment in children with blunt abdominal trauma treated at the Clinical Hospital of the University of Campinas, in the last five years. Methods: retrospective analysis of medical records of patients classified by levels of injury severity, in 27 children. Results: only one child underwent surgery for initial failure of conservative treatment (persistent hemodynamic instability), resulting in a 96% overall success rate of the conservative treatment. Five other children (22%) developed late complications that required elective surgery: a bladder injury, two cases of infected perirenal collections (secondary to injury of renal collecting system), a pancreatic pseudocyst and a splenic cyst. Resolution of the complications was attained in all children, with anatomical and functional preservation of the affected organ. There were no deaths in this series. Conclusion: the conservative initial approach in the treatment of blunt abdominal trauma was effective and safe with high resolution and low rate of complications leading to a high preservation rate of the affected organs. Level of evidence III - prognostic and therapeutic study.

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the need of computed tomography (CT) for the definition of management in pediatric abdominal trauma. Methods: observational retrospective study with patients under 18 years old victims of blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma that underwent CT of the abdomen and pelvis at admission. We evaluated CT scan findings, indications and management. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of clinical variables and energy of trauma for findings on CT. Results: among the 236 patients included in our study, 72% (n=170) did not present abnormal findings on CT. It was performed surgical treatment in 15% (n=10), conservative treatment in 54,5% (n=36) and 27% (n=18) did not receive treatment for abdominal injuries. In the assessment of CT indications, 28,8% (n=68) presented no justifications. In this group, 91% (n=62) did not show any abnormal findings. Among the six patients with positive findings, half were selected for conservative treatment, while the rest did not need any treatment for abdominal injuries. The presence of abdominal pain, hemodynamic alterations and high energy blunt trauma had low positive predictive values when isolated, whereas the negative predictive values were higher. Conclusion: although CT is necessary in some instances, there is a possible high number of exams that did not make any difference in the management of the pediatric population.

Introduction Trauma is defined as damage to cells, tissues and organs caused by external factors acting on them. According to WHO data, trauma caused 4.8 millions of deaths in 2016. Urogenital trauma occurs in 10% of all the injuries in the human population. Aim of the study The aim of this study was to characterize the patients treated for injuries in Urology Department in Regional Hospital in Poland and compare the results with the data from literature. Material and methods The study involved patients hospitalized in Regional Specialist Hospital in Puławy, Poland from 2007 to 2018. The survey was based at analysis of medical documentation. The collected data has been subjected to statistical analysis. 66 patients were included in the study group. Their average age was 43.25 years. Results The absolute majority of patients were men – 81.81% (n=54), women – 18.18% (n=12). The average age for males was 42.27 and for the females – 44.25. Most frequent trauma in our study was the renal trauma 36.36% (n=24). 47.06% of this injuries were associated with MVA's. The second most frequent group was a genital trauma - 21 patients (31,81%). 81.81 % of them required surgical treatment. Another group constituted 10.6 % (n=7) were the patients treated for bladder injury. Penis was injured in 6.06% (n=4), 75% of patients required a surgery. Urether has been injured only in 4.55%. Conclusions Kidney is the most frequent organ of genitourinary tract, affected by trauma, particularly during MVA's. Victims are usually treated conservatively. External genitalia injuries, especially male, are also very frequent. Mostly patients need a rapid surgical intervention but appropriate treatment allows the patient to recover completely without any lasting disability

ABSTRACT Objective: the aim of this study was to identify associated factors with the increased length of hospital stay for patients undergoing surgical treatment for liver trauma, and predictors of mortality as well as the epidemiology of this trauma. Methods: retrospective study of 191 patients admitted to the Cajuru University Hospital, a reference in the treatment of multiple trauma patients, between 2010 and 2017, with epidemiological, clinicopathological and therapeutic variables analyzed using the STATA version 15.0 program. Results: most of the included patients were men with a mean age of 29 years. Firearm injury represents the most common trauma mechanism. The right hepatic lobe was injured in 51.2% of the cases, and hepatorraphy was the most commonly used surgical correction. The length of hospital stay was an average of 11 (0-78) days and the length of stay in the intensive care unit was 5 (0-52) days. Predictors for longer hospital stay were the mechanisms of trauma, hemodynamic instability at admission, number of associated injuries, degree of liver damage and affected lobe, used surgical technique, presence of complications, need for reoperation and other surgical procedures. Mortality rate was 22.7%. Conclusions: the study corroborated the epidemiology reported by the literature. Greater severity of liver trauma and associated injuries characterize patients undergoing surgical treatment, who have increased hospital stay due to the penetrating trauma, hemodynamic instability, hepatic packaging, complications and reoperations.

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the epidemiological profile of patients undergoing exploratory trauma laparotomy based on severity and prognosis criteria, and to determine the predictive accuracy of trauma scoring systems in terms of morbidity and mortality. Methods: retrospective cohort study and review of medical records of patients undergoing exploratory laparotomy for blunt or penetrating trauma at the Hospital de Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre, from November 2015 to November 2019. Demographic data, mechanism of injury, associated injuries, physiological (RTS and Shock Index), anatomical (ISS, NISS and ATI) and combined (TRISS and NTRISS) trauma scores, intraoperative findings, postoperative complications, length of stay and outcomes. Results: 506 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 31 ± 13 years, with the majority being males (91.3%). Penetrating trauma was the most common mechanism of injury (86.2%), predominantly by firearms. The average RTS at hospital admission was 7.5 ± 0.7. The mean ISS and NISS was 16.5 ± 10.1 and 22.3 ± 13.6, respectively. The probability of survival estimated by TRISS was 95.5%, and by NTRISS 93%. The incidence of postoperative complications was 39.7% and the overall mortality was 12.8%. The most accurate score for predicting mortality was the NTRISS (88.5%), followed by TRISS, NISS and ISS. Conclusion: the study confirms the applicability of trauma scores in the studied population. The NTRISS seems to be the best predictor of morbidity and mortality.

Fundamento: el trauma abdominal cerrado provoca grandes dilemas diagnósticos y terapéuticos, dado la necesidad de determinar si se lesionó alguna víscera y es necesario operar o no.Objetivo: caracterizar a los pacientes con trauma abdominal cerrado atendidos en el servicio de cirugía general del Hospital General Docente “Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna”, de las Tunas, entre noviembre de 2015 y abril de 2019.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el lugar y tiempo antes citado. La muestra fueron 71 pacientes, mayores de 19 años, con resultados de complementarios (hemoglobina, hematocrito, ecografía abdominal, radiografía de abdomen simple, y radiografía de tórax).Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino. Fueron más frecuentes en edades entre 19 y 39 años (37 %), como causa los accidentes de tránsito (34 %) y dentro del cuadro clínico el dolor abdominal (21 %). El 33,8 % de los pacientes presentaron anemia grave y en el 36,6 % valores del hematocrito menores de 0,24. La ecografía abdominal fue realizada a la totalidad de la muestra, el 60 % con líquido libre en la cavidad abdominal, 62 % presentó lesiones de partes blandas y el 67,6 % ausencia de neumoperitoneo. El 40,8 % de los pacientes fueron atendidos en menos de hora y media de haber ocurrido el trauma. El 87,3 % requirió tratamiento quirúrgico, ocurrieron lesiones hepáticas en el 27,8 %. 11 pacientes fallecieron (15,4 %).Conclusiones: se caracterizaron los pacientes con trauma abdominal cerrado incluidos en el estudio, predominando el tratamiento quirúrgico y egresados vivos.

Background: In abdominal trauma, spleen is the most commonly injured abdominal organ. Spleen injuries can be managed in three modes: splenectomy, nonoperative management and splenorrhaphy, all based on the scale of severity of splenic injury of the American Association of Trauma. Objective: To determine the incidence of splenic injury and management at the Balbuena General Hospital according to the severity scale of the American Association of Trauma. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive and retrospective study was conducted in patients attending at the General Hospital Balbuena with splenic injury in abdominal trauma, in the period from January 2010 to December 2014, excluding all patients under 18 years old, with splenic injury. Results: Were found a total of 59 cases of patients with splenic injury. Of the total population 84.7% splenectomy was performed, 85% of cases were male and 15% female. The group with the highest number of cases of splenic lesion was found in the range from 20 to 29 years, representing 28.81%. Of the study population 55.93% are blunt abdominal trauma. Conclusion: The blunt abdominal trauma remains one of the most common causes of splenic injury. The clinical status of the patient, the degree of hypovolemic shock, the degree of splenic injury and associated injuries are the guidelines on the type of approach and treatment in patients with splenic injury. Today the blunt abdominal trauma with severe splenic injury is the most frequent indication for splenectomy.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a influência do local de ocorrência do trauma nos escores de trauma de pacientes submetidos à laparotomia de emergência. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo observacional analítico. Foram incluídos 212 pacientes submetidos à laparotomias exploratórias no período de janeiro de 2015 e dezembro de 2017. Informações sobre o local do acidente e dados vitais dos pacientes foram obtidas com base na coleta de dados por meio de prontuários eletrônicos e físicos. Foram analisados os índices de trauma de pacientes provenientes de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana e o local em que o paciente foi socorrido (estabelecimento físico ou via pública). Resultados: entre os 212 pacientes estudados, 184 (86,7%) foram trazidos pelo Serviço de Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar provenientes da cidade Curitiba e 28 (13,3%) provenientes de Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. Foram socorridos em estabelecimentos físicos 25 pacientes (17,6%), enquanto 117 (82,4%) foram socorridos em via pública. Observou-se maiores valores de ISS (Injurity Severity Score) dos pacientes procedentes da Região Metropolitana em relação aos procedentes de Curitiba (29,78 vs 22,46, P=0,009), enquanto valores maiores do TRISS (Trauma Trauma and Injury Severity Score) foram observados em pacientes procedentes de Curitiba em relação aos da Região Metropolitana (90,62 vs 81,30; P=0,015). Pacientes socorridos em via pública apresentaram menor valor de RTS (Revised Trauma Score) (6,96 vs 7,65; P=0,024) e TRISS (86,42 vs 97,21; P=0,012). Conclusão: pacientes vítimas de trauma procedentes de locais mais distantes do atendimento no centro de referência apresentaram pior prognóstico à admissão e foi observado pior prognóstico em pacientes socorridos em via pública.

La experiencia en el manejo del trauma hepático adquirida durante la segunda guerra mundial, así como una mejor compresión de los mecanismos y grados de lesión hepática, llevaron a que en los últimos 25 años se presentara un descenso importante en la mortalidad por este tipo de lesiones; no solo se presentó un cambio radical en el abordaje terapéutico que viró de cirugía indispensable a manejo no operatorio, incluso para lesiones complejas y graves, sino que se implementaron nuevas estrategias terapéuticas no quirúrgicas y quirúrgicas, entre las que se destaca el control de daños. La presente revisión considera un consenso actual sobre las estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas más apropiadas para el manejo de estas frecuentes lesiones.The experience with the management of hepatic trauma acquired during World War II, as well as a better understanding of the mechanisms and degrees of severity of liver injury, has resulted in a marked decrease in mortality associated with this type of lesions. There has been not only a radical change in the approach that has varied from indispensable surgery to non-operative management, even for severe and complex injuries, and the implementation of novel nonsurgical strategies, standing out damage control, radiological embolization, and surgical packing. This review considers the current consensus on the most appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the management of these frequent lesions.

Objetivo: Describir la experiencia en la aplicación de la técnica de control de daños en pacientes exanguinados con trauma abdominal severo. Evaluar en la cirugía por etapas del control de daños la utilización de la ligadura transitoria del intestino delgado y del colon con hiladilla, y la anastomosis primaria diferida como una técnica viable. Material y métodos: Entre 1999-2004 se estudiaron los pacientes consecutivos que fueron sometidos a la técnica de control de daños. Se analizaron parámetros de morbi-mortalidad, estancia en UCI y complicaciones. Resultados: Se incluyeron 40 pacientes, edad promedio 34±12,7 años. El 90% fueron hombres. El mecanismo del trauma fue abierto en 75%. El APACHE II=15 (4-29), y ATI=32 (7-90). El 52,5% de los pacientes presentaron un ATI mayor de 25 puntos. El promedio de días en la UCI fue de 8,5±11,8. Se empaquetaron 38 (95%) pacientes. El 32,5% de los pacientes mostraron sepsis, el 45% falla múltiple de órganos. La mortalidad global fue de 45% (IC95%, 29,6-60,4). La mortalidad en las primeras 72 horas fue de 72,3%. Se realizaron trece anastomosis intestinales en doce pacientes (30%). En el análisis univariado se encontró asociación con mortalidad a la coagulopatía, la acidosis y la falla multiorgánica. Conclusiones: En este grupo la mortalidad global fue de 45%. Parece ser que la acidosis, la coagulopatía y la falla múltiple de órganos se asocian con mortalidad. La anastomosis primaria diferida se realizó en 30% de los pacientes y es viable y segura en la técnica de control de daños.Objective: To report our experience with the application of the damage control technique in exanguinating patients with severe abdominal trauma, and to evaluate the temporary ligature of the the small and large bowel and an intestinal anastomosis as a delayed procedure in the performance of this type of staged surgery. Material and methods: All consecutive patients that underwent damage control technique in the period 1999-2004 were studied. Parameters of morbidity and mortality, UCI stay, and complications were analyzed. Results: The study included 40 patients with average age 34 ± 12.7 years, of which 90% were men; 75% of patients presented open trauma; APACHE II = 15 (4-29), ATI = 32 (7-90), with 75% of patients presenting an ATI score >25. Average UCI stay was 8.5 ±11.8. Packing was used in 38 (95%) of patients. Sepsis developed in 32.5% and multiple organ failure in 45% of all patients. Overall mortality was 45% (CI 95%, 29.6-60.4), 72.3% mortality within the first 72 hours. Thirteen intestinal anastomoses were performed in 12 patients (30%). Univariate analysis showed mortality associated with coagulopathy, acidosis, and multiple organ failure. Conclusions: Overall mortality in this group was 45%, seemingly associated with coagulopathy, acidosis, and multiple organ failure. Delayed primary anastomosis was carried out in 30% of patients, appearing as viable and secure when performed within the context of the staged damaged control operative technique.

Las lesiones traumáticas del duodeno son infrecuentes, representan aproximadamente el 4% de las lesiones abdominales; pero conllevan una tasa de morbi-mortalidad significativa por lo cual es primordial su reconocimiento y tratamiento precoz. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una descripción concisa de la perspectiva histórica y de la anatomía de este órgano. Esta última cobra especial interés a la hora de la clasificación y manejo de la lesión duodenal. Asimismo, se describen los métodos de diagnóstico al alcance en la evaluación del traumatismo duodenal y la importancia de un conocimiento amplio de las técnicas quirúrgicas más utilizadas. Por último, se realiza un análisis profundo de los rangos de morbilidad y mortalidad de estas lesiones con base en una extensa revisión de la literatura actual, y el aporte de la experiencia de los autores en el manejo de este tipo de lesiones en un Centro Urbano de Trauma Nivel I.Traumatic lesions of the duodenum are not frequent, representing around 4% of all abdominal lesions. However, they are associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates and, therefore, it becomes of utmost importance their early recognition and treatment. The aim of this paper is to present a concise historical perspective and description of the anatomy of this organ. Anatomy is important because of the need to classify these lesions in preparation for their management. We also describe the diagnostic modalities and discuss the value of an ample knowledge of the different surgical techniques that are more generally utilized. Lastly, we analyze the ranges of morbidity and mortality based upon an extensive review of the current literature, adding our experience at an Urban Trauma Center Level I.

Se revisaron retrospectivamente 38 expedientes clínicos de pacientes que fueron ingresados por traumatismo abdominal con lesión de páncreas, en los hospitales "Dr. Mario Catarino Rivas", Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social, clínicas privadas de San Pedro Sula y en el Hospital Escuela (Tegucigalpa), Honduras, del 1 de enero de 1995 al 31 de diciembre de 1996. En esta serie predominó el sexo masculino en el (86,6 %), y fue la tercera década la edad cuando con más frecuencia se produjo el traumatismo pancreático (42,1 %). En todos los casos de esta serie el mecanismo del trauma fue penetrante y los agentes causales fueron por arma de fuego (68,4 %) y arma blanca (31,6 %). El tiempo de lesión-intervención fue menor de 5 h en el 44,5 % de los casos. Las lesiones asociadas más frecuentes fueron las de estómago (71 %), hígado (26,3 %), diafragma (26,3 %). En la mayoría de los casos (78,8 %) se practicó drenaje externo solo o asociado con otro procedimiento quirúrgico, pero 6 pacientes (15,7 %) requirieron pancreatectomía distal. Siete pacientes (18,4 %) presentaron 13 complicaciones, y fueron las más frecuentes: fístula pancreática (10,5 %), absceso de pared (7,8 %) y absceso intraabdominal (5,2 %). Fallecieron 2 pacientes (5,2 %). La estancia hospitalaria promedio es de 32 días (rango: 0 a 78 días)38 medical histories from patients that were admitted due to abdominal trauma with pancreas injury at "Dr. Mario Catarino Rivas" Honduran Institute of Social Security, at the private clinics of San Pedro Sula, and at the Teaching Hospital (Tegucigalpa), Honduras, from January, 1st, 1995, to December 31st, 1996, were retrospectively reviewed. Males predominated in this series (86.6 %) and the pancreas trauma appeared more frequently during the third decade of life (42.1 %). In all the cases of this series the trauma mechanism was penetrating and the causal agents were gunshot (68.4 %) and stab (31.6 %). The injury-surgical intervention time was lower than 5 hours in 44.5 % of the cases. The most frequent associated injuries were those of the stomach (71 %), liver (26.3 %) and diaphragm (26.3 %). External drainage was performed alone or associated with other surgical procedure in most of the cases (78.8 %), but 6 patients (15.7 %) required distal pancreatectomy. Seven patients (18.4 %) had 13 complications, among which the most frequent were: pancreatic fistula (10.5 %), wall abscess (7.8 %) and intraabdominal abscess (5.2 %). 2 patients died (5.2 %). Average hospital stay was 32 days (range: 0-78days)

Se efectuó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo de tipo observacional y corte transversal, en el que se incluyeron a 359 pacientes ingresados por trauma abdominal, en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital General Provincial Docente "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" de Bayamo, Granma, desde el 1ro de enero de 1986 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 1993. Los pacientes representaron el 1,67 % del total de ingresos, el 1,60 % de las operaciones mayores y el 6,63 % de los fallecidos del Servicio, en este período. La edad de los pacientes osciló entre 10 meses y 74 años, con una media de 27,85 años. El grupo etáreo más afectado fue el de 21 a 30 años. El 79,68 % de los casos se incluyó entre los 11 a 40 años. Predominó el sexo masculino, a razón de 5,41:1, sobre el femenino. Las heridas por arma blanca constituyeron la primera causa de lesiones. Predominaron las lesiones abiertas (69,64 %). Se detectó lesión visceral en el 59,61 % de los casos. La función abdominal tuvo una sensibilidad de 85,22 %, una especificidad de 96,42 % y una eficacia de 87,93 %. Se requirió tratamiento quirúrgico en el 91,92 % de los pacientes. Se encontró lesión visceral en 214 enfermos con predominio entre las hepáticas, las de intestino delgado, los esplénicos, las de colon y las de mesenterio. Egresaron vivos 333 pacientes y fallecieron 26 (7,24 %), y fue el shock hipovolémico la principal causa de muerteA retrospective, descriptive and observational study was conducted among 359 patients admitted due to abdominal trauma in the General Surgery Service of "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" Provincial General Teaching Hospital of Bayamo, from January, lst, 1996, to December, 31st, 1993. The patients accounted for 1.67 % of the total of admissions, 1.60 % of major operations and 6.63 % of the deaths occurred at this service in this period. The patients’ age ranged from 10 months to 74 years old, with a mean of 27.85 years old. The age group 21-30 was the most affected. 79.68 % of the cases were between 11 and 40 years old. Males prevailed over the females at a ratio of 5.41:1. The stab wounds were the first cause of injuries. It was observed a predominance of open injuries (69.64 %).Visceral injury was detected in 59.61 % of the cases. The abdominal function had a sensitivity of 85.22 %, a specificity of 96.42 % and an efficiency of 87.93 %. Surgical treatment was required in 91.92 % of the patients. Visceral injury was found in 214 patients with predominance among the liver, the smalll intestine, the spleen, the colon and the mesenterium injuries. 333 patients were discharged alive and 26 (7.24 %) died.The hypovolemic shock was the main cause of death

Se revisaron retrospectivamente 38 expedientes clínicos, de pacientes que fueron ingresados por traumatismo abdominal con lesión de páncreas, en los hospitales «Dr. Mario C. Rivas», Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social, clínicas privadas de San Pedro Sula y en el Hospital Escuela (Tegucigalpa), Honduras, del 1ro. de enero de 1995 al 31 de diciembre de 1996. En esta serie predominó el sexo masculino en el 86,6 %, y fue la tercera década la edad en que es más frecuente el traumatismo pancreático (42,1 %). En todos los casos de esta serie el mecanismo del trauma fue penetrante y los agentes causales fueron por arma de fuego (68,4 %) y arma blanca (31,6 %). El tiempo lesión-intervención fue menor de 5 h en el 44,5 % de los casos. Las lesiones asociadas más frecuentes fueron las de estómago (71 %), hígado (26,3 %), diafragma (26,3 %). En la mayoría de los casos (78,8 %) se practicó drenaje externo solo o asociado con otro procedimiento quirúrgico, pero 6 pacientes (15,7 %) requirieron pancreatectomía distal. Siete pacientes (18,4 %) presentaron 13 complicaciones, y fueron las más frecuentes: fístula pancreática (10,5 %), absceso de pared (7,8 %) y absceso intraabdominal (5,2 %). Fallecieron 2 pacientes (5,2 %). La estancia hospitalaria promedio fue de 32 días (rango: 0 a 78 días)38 medical histories of patients who were admitted due to abdominal trauma with pancreatic injuries in the "Dr. Mario C. Rivas" Honduran Institute of Social Security, in private clinics of San Pedro Sula and in the Teaching Hospital of Tegucigalpa, Honduras, from January 1st, 1995, to December 31st, 1996, were reviewed. Males predominated in this series (86.6%) and the pancreatic injuries were more frequent in the third decade of life (42.1%). In all the cases of this series the trauma mechanism was penetrating and the causal agents were gunshot (68.4%) and stabbing (31.6%). The injury-operation time was under 5 hours in 44.5% of the cases. The most frequent associated injuries were those of the stomach (71%), liver (26.3%) and diaphragm (26.3%)

El traumatismo abdominal representa del 15-20 % del total de las lesiones traumáticas. Nuestro objetivo fue conocer el comportamiento del traumatismo abdominal predominante en el lesionado complejo. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 24 pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intermedios Quirúrgicos del Hospital Militar Central “Dr. Luis Díaz Soto” durante el año 2002, con el diagnóstico de trauma abdominal predominante. Hubo una mayor incidencia del traumatismo cerrado (70.8%), predominando en el sexo masculino (75%). El lavado peritoneal diagnóstico y la punción abdominal fueron los procedimientos más utilizados. Las lesiones más frecuentes fueron del hígado, el intestino delgado y el hematoma retroperitoneal. La hepatorrafia (30%) fue la técnica quirúrgica más empleada. Las complicaciones (29.2%) más frecuentes fueron la sepsis intraabdominal, de la herida quirúrgica y los trastornos hidroelectrolíticos. La mortalidad fue del 8.3%. La tendencia del comportamiento del traumatismo abdominal no ha logrado variarse en los últimos años, su frecuencia se mantiene estable y el tratamiento quirúrgico continúa siendo el más empleado.The abdominal traumatism represents the 15-20 % of the total of the traumatic lesions. Our objective was to know the behavior of the abdominal traumatism, predominant in the patients with complex lesions. We went through the clinical records of 24 patients who entered the Surgical Intermediate Care Unit of the Central Military Hospital Luis Díaz Soto during 2002, with diagnosis of predominant abdominal trauma. There was a higher incidence of the closed traumatism (70.8 %), predominating the male sex (75 %). The peritoneal diagnostic lavage and the abdominal punction were the most used procedures. The most frequent lesions were those in the liver, the small intestine and the retroperitoneal hematoma. Hepatorraphy (30 %) was the most used surgical technique. The most frequent complications (29.2 %) intra-abdominal sepsis, complications of the surgical injury and electrolytic disturbs. There was 8.3 % of mortality. There was not any variation of the abdominal traumatism behavior tendency achieved in the last years, its frequency is steady and the surgical treatment is still the most used.

Se aborda la problemática de los traumatismos renales tomando en consideración a diferentes autores, así como la experiencia personal del autor del artículo y se plantean pautas, no solamente para la acción inmediata sino también para el seguimiento posterior, con el objetivo de elevar la calidad asistencial en el politraumatizado

Hepatic and biliary tract injuries due to traumatic causes are rare in pediatric patients. Of the total number of patients with closed abdominal trauma, less than 9 % have liver injury, and the frequency varies between 2 and 3 % of biliary tract lesions. Currently, the recommended treatment for closed abdominal trauma with liver injury without hemodynamic repercussion is conservative. In case of presenting intra or extrahepatic biliary tract lesion, the preferred approaches are minimally invasive, such as percutaneous or endoscopic surgery, using laparotomy in selected cases. We present the case of a patient with closed abdominal trauma and liver trauma, initially laparotomized on 2 occasions due to hemodynamic instability and hemoperitoneum; presented a subdiaphragmatic and coleperitoneal bilioma; it was performed minimally invasive percutaneous drainage under tomographic control., (Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría.)

OBJETIVOS: Pacientes com trauma abdominal tratados cirurgicamente são muito suscetíveis ao desenvolvimento de hipertensão intra-abdominal e síndrome do compartimento abdominal, cujo diagnóstico é baseado na medição da pressão intraabdominal associada a parâmetros clínicos. Este estudo teve por objetivos avaliar prospectivamente o comportamento da pressão intra-abdominal de pacientes com trauma abdominal cirurgicamente tratados e identificar se há relação entre tal comportamento e parâmetros clínicos destes pacientes. MÉTODO: A técnica de Kron foi utilizada para medir a pressão intra-abdominal. A casuística foi composta por 17 homens e três mulheres com média de idade de 36,9 anos (D.P. 12,943). O mecanismo de trauma mais freqüente foi contusão abdominal 12 (60%) contra oito (40%) pacientes com ferimentos penetrantes. Os dados foram coletados em 6 e 18 horas de pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: As médias de pressão intra-abdominal foram 10,4 cmH2O (D.P. 3,939) em 6 horas e 10,263 cmH2O (D.P. 3,445) em 18 horas de pós operatório. A análise dos resultados mostrou correlação estatisticamente significante entre o volume de colóides infundidos e a pressão intra-abdominal em 6 e 18 horas pós-operatórias (p = 0,0380 e p = 0,0033 respectivamente). É provável que tal correlação se deva ao edema visceral causado pelo extravasamento capilar de soluções, aumentando a pressão intra-abdominal. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados deste estudo ratificam a idéia de relação entre grandes volumes de infusão venosa, sobretudo colóides, e o aumento da pressão intra-abdominal e destacam a importância da avaliação da pressão intra-abdominal em pacientes com trauma abdominal submetidos a grandes reposições volêmicas, sobretudo as soluções coloidais.

OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores preditivos de complicações e mortalidade em doentes operados com trauma hepático. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo de 638 pacientes tratados no período de 1990 a 2003, identificando estatisticamente parâmetros epidemiológicos, fisiológicos e anatômicos associados com maior morbidade e mortalidade. RESULTADOS: Trauma penetrante foi o mecanismo mais freqüente. A instabilidade hemodinâmica esteve presente em 21,1% das vítimas e o Índice de Gravidade das Lesões anatômicas (ISS) médio foi de 20,7. A maioria das lesões hepáticas foi grau III. A morbidade foi de 50,4%, sendo as complicações relacionadas ao fígado mais freqüentes: sangramento persistente (9,8%), abscesso intraperitoneal (3,8%) e fístula biliar (3%). As complicações não hepáticas ocorreram em 273 pacientes (42,8%). A mortalidade foi de 22,1% (141 casos) decorrente principalmente de sangramento persistente e sepse. As vítimas fatais apresentaram-se com pior índice fisiológico na admissão, com lesões hepáticas mais complexas e índices anatômicos mais graves quando comparadas aos sobreviventes. CONCLUSÃO: Os fatores preditivos de ocorrência de complicações hepáticas foram: idade maior que 60 anos, instabilidade hemodinâmica ou alteração de parâmetros fisiológicos na admissão, presença de lesões hepáticas complexas (grau > III) e índices anatômicos de gravidade de lesão abdominal (ATI) ou em outros segmentos corpóreos (ISS) elevados (= 25). Todas estas variáveis, mais a presença de lesões associadas abdominais e não abdominais e o mecanismo de trauma fechado foram preditivas de ocorrência de complicações não-hepáticas. Todos os fatores estudados, exceto a presença de lesões associadas abdominais, foram preditivos para a evolução a óbito.

OBJETIVO: Analisar as lesões abdominais e seu impacto no prognóstico dos traumatizados com fraturas de bacia MÉTODO: Avaliamos retrospectivamente todos os prontuários das vítimas de trauma fechado com fraturas de bacia admitidos de 1996 a 2000. Nossa amostra incluiu 224 doentes, com média etária de 34 + 16 anos, sendo 137 (61,1%) do sexo masculino. Dados demográficos, índices de trauma, órgãos lesados, tratamento e evolução foram estudados. As lesões abdominais foram estratificadas pela Organ Injury Scale (OIS), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) e Abdominal Trauma Index (ATI). Empregamos os testes Qui quadrado e t de Student, considerando p 3 e 54 (24,1%) OIS > 3 em órgãos abdominais. A média dos ATI foi 9 + 8 nos com lesões abdominais diagnosticadas. Foram realizadas 55 laparotomias (nove não terapêuticas). Cinqüenta e um (22%) doentes morreram, principalmente devido ao choque hemorrágico (25 casos). A presença de lesões abdominais esteve relacionada significativamente com choque à admissão, fraturas complexas de bacia, fixação externa ou interna da fratura de bacia, maior morbidade e letalidade. CONCLUSÃO: As lesões abdominais são freqüentemente associadas às fraturas de bacia, e, quando presentes, relacionam-se a um pior prognóstico.

OBJETIVO: Determinar as características comuns referentes ao mecanismo de trauma, lesões anatômicas e fisiológicas, dor abdominal e à fratura de costelas das vítimas de trauma hepático contuso, no momento da admissão hospitalar. MÉTODO: Revisão dos prontuários de dezembro de 1999 a janeiro de 2003, e selecionados 524 através do Software TNVT Plus (versão 2.0.0.213 - ano 1996), admitidos no Serviço de Emergência, vítimas de trauma tóraco-abdominal contuso e posteriormente internados, que apresentavam hepatectomia parcial, hepatorrafia, laparotomia exploradora, redução de fratura de costelas ou tratamento conservador de fratura de costelas. Foram excluídos aqueles que apresentavam trauma penetrante, que foram a óbito na sala de emergência e os menores de 16 anos, restando 200 prontuários. RESULTADOS: Considerando todos os traumas hepáticos, 37,63% foram causados por acidentes com veículo automotor, sendo que os traumas por esse mecanismo provocaram 54,29% das lesões mais graves (grau III, IV e V). Estas lesões causaram dor abdominal em 75,86% dos casos, e as mais leves (grau I e II), em 69,70%. A freqüência cardíaca e a pressão arterial sistólica média dos pacientes com lesões grau I ou II, foram, respectivamente, 100,37 batimentos por minuto e 114,45 mmHg, e naqueles com lesões grau III, IV, ou V, foram 105,69 batimentos por minuto e 107,88 mmHg, respectivamente. A fratura de costela à direita associou-se à lesão hepática grau I ou II em 29,41% dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: Acidentes por veículo automotor foram a causa mais comum de trauma hepático e o mecanismo de trauma que provocou as lesões mais graves. Estas lesões causaram dor abdominal com a mesma freqüência que as mais leves. A freqüência cardíaca e a pressão arterial sistólica média não possuíram relação com o grau da lesão hepática e a fratura de costelas à direita influenciou apenas na presença da lesão hepática.

OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados obtidos com a introdução do protocolo de tratamento não operatório (TNO) dos ferimentos por arma de fogo (PAF) na transição toracoabdominal direita. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo com dados levantados no período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2011, tendo como critérios de inclusão: PAF localizado na região toracoabdominal direita, estabilidade hemodinâmica, ausência de sinais de irritação peritonial e realização de tomografia computadorizada. RESULTADOS: No estudo 115 pacientes preencheram os critérios de inclusão. A maioria dos pacientes (95,6%) era do sexo masculino. A média das idades foi 25,8 anos. A média dos índices de trauma: RTS 7,7; ISS 14,8; e TRISS 97%. A maioria dos pacientes era portadora de ferimentos toracoabdominais (62,6%) e 43 pacientes (37,4%), ferimentos abdominais. A lesão hepática ocorreu em 109 pacientes (94,8%) e a renal em 28 pacientes (24,4%). Hemotórax e lesão concomitante abdominal foram verificados em 72 pacientes (62,6%). As lesões associadas foram encontradas em 19 (16,5%) pacientes e as complicações, em 12 (10,5%). A falha do TNO aconteceu em quatro pacientes (3,5%). Nesta série, dois pacientes (1,7%) morreram, ambos devido a trauma cranioencefálico. A permanência hospitalar média foi 9,4 dias. Sessenta e sete pacientes (58,3%) compareceram no controle com dois meses de trauma. A tomografia de abdome mostrou lesão cicatrizada em 58 pacientes (86,5%). CONCLUSÃO: A opção por TNO do PAF na região toracoabdominal direita deve ser vista com cautela e empregada em casos selecionados através de protocolos bem fundamentados e em locais com toda infraestrutura necessária.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the impact of the new technology of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in improving the accuracy and early diagnosis of BSBI.METHODS: patients with blunt small bowel injuries (BSBI) grade> I were identified retrospectively and their CT scans reviewed by an experienced radiologist. Clinical and tomographic findings were analyzed and patients grouped as "pre-MDCT" and "post-MDCT", according to the time of implementation of a 64-slice MDCT.RESULTS: of the 26 patients with BSBI 16 had CT scans. Motor vehicle collision (62.5%) was the most frequent mechanism of injury. In the pre-MDCT period, five of the 13 patients (38.5%) had abdominal CT, and in the post-MDCT, 11 of 13 patients (84.6%) had the exam. During pre-MDCT, all CT scans were abnormal with findings of pneumoperitoneum (60%), free fluid (40%) and bowel wall enhancement (20%). In the post-MDCT group, all exams but one were abnormal and the most frequent findings were free fluid (90.9%), bowel wall enhancement (72.7%), and pneumoperitoneum (54.5%). However, the rate of delayed laparotomy did not change. The mortality rate in both groups were similar, with 20% during pre-MDCT and 18.2% during post-MDCT.CONCLUSION: the use of MDCT in abdominal trauma in our service has increased the sensibility of the diagnosis, but has had no impact on outcome so far.

ABSTRACT Objective: to study the profile of victims of kidney trauma who underwent surgical and medical treatment in a hospital in Curitiba. Methods: we conducted a retrospective, analytical, quantitative, cross-sectional study of patients with renal trauma admitted to the Evangelical Hospital of Curitiba between February 2011 and January 2014. Results: participated in the study 38 patients, four women and 34, men with a mean age of 28.4 years. Most injuries (60.5%) was due to closed mechanisms, especially motorcycle accidents. Injuries were treated conservatively in most cases. Patients who required surgical treatment had severe kidney damage or some other associated lesion, usually intra-abdominal. Hospital stay was lower in the conservative treatment group (10.8 days) compared with the surgical treatment one (18.8 days); mortality was also lower in the conservative treatment group (8.3%) compared with the surgical (14.3%). There were no deaths associated to kidney damage itself. Conclusion: patients with renal trauma in this study were young men, victims of motorcycle accidents, taking place during the night and early morning. Most injuries were treated conservatively.

ABSTRACTObjective:to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of non-operative management (NOM) of liver injury, being the only abdominal injury, from gunshot wounds to the abdomen.Methods:patients who had liver damage diagnosed as single abdominal injury caused by PAF in the right thoracoabdominal region, hemodynamically stable were studied. All underwent examination with computed tomography. Were analyzed: age, gender, levels of trauma, hemodynamic condition and the abdominal examination on admission, the results of the CT scan, the extra-abdominal lesions found, the serum levels of hemoglobin, clinical course, complications, length of hospital stay, outpatient treatment and death.Results:during the study period 169 patients, treated non-operatively, presented liver gunshot wounds. Of these, only 28 patients (16.6%) had liver injury as the only abdominal injury and consequently met the inclusion criteria for this study. The average age was 27.7 years and 25 patients (89.2%) were male. The overall average of verified trauma scores were: RTS 7.45, ISS 10.9, and TRISS 98.7%. The most frequent injuries were grade II and grade III (85.7%). Complications occurred in only one patient who presented a progressive decline in hemoglobin. He underwent a CT scan which showed blush in the liver parenchyma. An arteriography was performed, which showed a successfully embolized arteriovenous fistula. There were no deaths in the patient sample. The average hospital stay was 5.3 days.Conclusion:isolated hepatic injury in gunshot abdominal trauma is uncommon. However, the NOM protocol for this type of injury is safe and has low morbidity. This approach should only be followed in institutions with adequate infrastructure, where an experienced and cohesive team is able to follow a specific protocol, with rigorous periodic evaluation of its results.

The objective is to reinforce the importance of blood reinfusion as a cheap, safe and simple method, which can be used in small hospitals, especially those in which there is no blood bank. Moreover, even with the use of devices that perform the collection and filtration of blood, more recent studies show that the cost-benefit ratio is much better when autologous transfusion is compared with blood transfusions, even when there is injury to hollow viscera and blood contamination. It is known that the allogeneic blood transfusion carries a number of risks to patients, among them are the coagulation disorders mediated by excess enzymes in the conserved blood, and deficiency in clotting factors, mainly the Factor V, the proacelerin. Another factor would be the risk of contamination with still unknown pathogens or that are not investigated during screening for selection of donors, such as the West Nile Fever and Creutzfeldt-Jacob, better known as "Mad Cow" disease. Comparing both methods, we conclude that blood autotransfusion has numerous advantages over heterologous transfusion, even in large hospitals. We are not against blood transfusions, just do not agree that the patient's own blood is discarded without making sure there will be enough blood in stock to get him out of the hemorrhagic shock.

OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores preditivos de lesões abdominais em vítimas de trauma fechado. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva dos dados das vítimas de trauma fechado com idade superior a 13 anos, em um período de 15 meses. Comparamos as variáveis entre os doentes com lesões abdominais diagnosticadas por tomografia computadorizada e/ou laparotomia - grupo I (Abbreviated Injury Scale abdome>0, grupo I) e os demais - grupo II (Abbreviated Injury Scale abdome=0,). RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 3783 casos, com média etária de 39,1 +17,7 anos (14 a 99 anos), sendo 76,1% do sexo masculino. Foram identificadas lesões abdominais em 130 doentes (3,4%). Os traumatizados com lesões abdominais apresentaram, significativamente, menor média etária (35,4 + 15,4 anos vs. 39,2 + 17,7 anos), menor média da pressão arterial sistólica à admissão (114,7 + 32,4mmHg vs. 129,1 + 21,7mmHg), menor média na escala de coma de Glasgow à admissão (12,9 + 3,9 vs. 14,3 + 2,0), maior média de AIS em segmento cefálico (0,95 + 1,5 vs. 0,67 + 1,1), maior média de AIS em segmento torácico (1,10 + 1,5 vs. 0,11 + 0,6) e maior média de AIS em extremidades (1,70 ± 1,8 vs. 1,03 ± 1,2). Os maiores Odds ratio foram presença de tórax flácido (21,8) e fraturas de pelve (21,0). CONCLUSÃO: As lesões abdominais foram mais frequentemente observadas nos doentes com instabilidade hemodinâmica, alteração na escala de coma de Glasgow, lesões graves em crânio, tórax ou extremidades.

OBJETIVO: analisar características epidemiológicas relacionadas ao trauma hepático e fazer breve revisão das modalidades diagnósticas e de tratamento. MÉTODO: estudo retrospectivo de fevereiro/2002 a maio/2007 através de prontuários de 154 pacientes admitidos com trauma hepático no Hospital Universitário Cajuru (HUC). RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 90,26% das vítimas de trauma hepático do sexo masculino e a média de idade de 26,28 anos. Quanto ao mecanismo de trauma, 72,73% foram por trauma penetrante, sendo que destes, 55,84% foram por arma de fogo e 16,88% por arma branca; e 27,27% por trauma contuso, no qual 73,81% envolveram colisões por veículos automotores e 26,49% outros. Na admissão o período de 0h - 12h foi o de maior prevalência, a média da pressão arterial foi de 117,6/72,3 mmHg, da freqüência cardíaca de 99,03 bpm e do Glasgow de 13,6. O tempo decorrido entre a admissão e a realização da primeira cirurgia foi de menos de 2 horas em 60,43%. Verificou-se maior incidência da lesão Grau II, seguida da Grau III e IV (totalizando 88,3%). As lesões cirúrgicas associadas foram encontradas em mais de 75% dos casos. O ISS médio foi de 15,09, 19,85, 27,83, 35,47 e 40,93 e a sobrevida de 100%, 88,88%, 81,25%, 48,48% e 22,23% nas lesões grau I, II, III, IV e V, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: os dados epidemiológicos encontrados neste estudo refletem a violência na sociedade moderna, que se traduz com aumento da complexidade das lesões encontradas e constitui desafio para decisão da melhor conduta terapêutica.

The meeting of the Publication "Evidence Based Telemedicine - Trauma and Emergency Surgery" (TBE-CiTE), through literature review, selected three recent articles on the treatment of victims stab wounds to the abdominal wall. The first study looked at the role of computed tomography (CT) in the treatment of patients with stab wounds to the abdominal wall. The second examined the use of laparoscopy over serial physical examinations to evaluate patients in need of laparotomy. The third did a review of surgical exploration of the abdominal wound, use of diagnostic peritoneal lavage and CT for the early identification of significant lesions and the best time for intervention. There was consensus to laparotomy in the presence of hemodynamic instability or signs of peritonitis, or evisceration. The wound should be explored under local anesthesia and if there is no injury to the aponeurosis the patient can be discharged. In the presence of penetration into the abdominal cavity, serial abdominal examinations are safe without CT. Laparoscopy is well indicated when there is doubt about any intracavitary lesion, in centers experienced in this method.

A reunião de revista "Telemedicina baseada em evidências - Cirurgia do Trauma e Emergência" (TBE-CiTE) realizou uma revisão crítica da literatura e selecionou três artigos atuais sobre o tratamento do trauma de baço. O foco foi em lesão de baço grave, definida pela American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) como graus III a V. O primeiro artigo foi uma atualização do protocolo de 2003 da Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) para o tratamento não operatório de trauma do baço. O segundo artigo foi apresentado na plenária de 2012 da AAST avaliando o papel do extravasamento de contraste na tomografia computadorizada em pacientes com lesão grave de baço (AAST IV-V). O último artigo é europeu e investigou o efeito da angioembolização da artéria esplênica na função do baço após lesão esplênica grave (AAST III-V). A reunião de revista TBE-CiTE elaborou conclusões e recomendações para o tratamento de lesão grave do baço.

ABSTRACTObjective:identify risk factors for mortality in patients who underwent laparotomy after blunt abdominal trauma.Methods:retrospective study, case-control, which were reviewed medical records of blunt trauma victims patients undergoing laparotomy, from March 2013 to January 2015, and compared the result of the deaths group with the group healed.Results:of 86 patients, 63% were healed, 36% died, and one patient was excluded from the study. Both groups had similar epidemiology and trauma mechanism, predominantly young adults males, automobilistic accident. Most cases that evolved to death had hemodynamic instability as laparotomy indication - 61% against 38% in the other group (p=0.02). The presence of solid organ injury was larger in the group of deaths - 80% versus 48% (p=0.001) and 61% of them had other associated abdominal injury compared to 25% in the other group (p=0.01). Of the patients who died 96% had other serious injuries associated (p=0.0003). Patients requiring damage control surgery had a higher mortality rate (p=0.0099). Only one of 18 patients with isolated hollow organ lesion evolved to death (p=0.0001). The mean injury score of TRISS of cured (91.70%) was significantly higher than that of deaths (46.3%) (p=0.002).Conclusion:the risk factors for mortality were hemodynamic instability as an indication for laparotomy, presence of solid organ injury, multiple intra-abdominal injuries, need for damage control surgery, serious injury association and low index of trauma score.

Os ferimentos da região tóracoabdominal podem cursar com ferimentos diafragmáticos em até 48% dos casos. Lesões associadas ao trauma diafragmático, estão presentes na maioria das vezes, o que facilita o diagnóstico da lesão diafragmática e em consequência impõe o tratamento operatório. Porém em 8 a 10% dos casos, as lesões diafragmáticas são isoladas e por apresentarem pouco ou nenhum sintoma, estas lesões podem passar despercebidas. Nestas situações, o diafragma poderia ser tratado de modo conservador, sem a sutura do mesmo? Após a realização de trabalhos experimentais com animais e de analisar a literatura, concluímos que ainda não podemos afirmar com certeza de que é possível não suturar um ferimento diafragmático.

Objective: to assess predictors of intra-abdominal injuries in blunt trauma patients admitted without abdominal pain or abnormalities on the abdomen physical examination. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of trauma registry data, including adult blunt trauma patients admitted from 2008 to 2010 who sustained no abdominal pain or abnormalities on physical examination of the abdomen at admission and were submitted to computed tomography of the abdomen and/or exploratory laparotomy. Patients were assigned into: Group 1 (with intra-abdominal injuries) or Group 2 (without intra-abdominal injuries). Variables were compared between groups to identify those significantly associated with the presence of intra-abdominal injuries, adopting p