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Autism is an abnormality in functioning that influences how people interact with others, communicate, learn new things and behave. According to the WHO, autism already occurs in 1 in 100 children. Although it affects people of all ages it is mostly diagnosed in children. This makes the essence of autism management to support the child's development. Autism Syndrome Disorder (ASD) has become a target of research and interest in modern medicine, especially psychiatry pediatrics and psychology. Help and support during the development of a child with ASD have big influence in alleviating symptoms and developing functioning. The multitude of modern therapies makes it available to provide comprehensive care for the child. According to a recent analysis, therapies such as music therapy have positive effects. They can boost a child's communication, interpersonal, social and language skills. They improve the child's overall functioning which converts into his quality of life in adulthood. The profits of occupational or individual therapies are a new case in the context of people with ASD. It requires more extensive randomized studies, but it offers great hope and optimism for the improvement of therapies and a multifaceted support system for children with ASD.

Cet article explore l’impact de la langue de bois sur l’identité narrative. Il se situe en continuité avec un projet d’autoethnographie visuelle portant sur l’expérience du régime communiste en Roumanie, telle que vécue par l’autrice. En démontrant comment l’art lui avait permis de surmonter la difficulté d’évoquer verbalement cette période de sa vie, les résultats de recherche ont fait émerger une nouvelle interrogation sur l’origine de cette difficulté : si la langue joue un rôle fondamental dans la constitution de l’individu en tant que sujet, quel a été l’impact de la langue de bois dépourvue de contenu et de sens du régime communiste sur la capacité de celui-ci de saisir et de partager sa réalité ? Le texte débute par une description du projet autoethnographique initial. Puis, un parallèle entre le lexique militaire de la pandémie et la rhétorique communiste permettra d’explorer l’impact de la langue de bois sur l’identité narrative. Il se termine par l’hypothèse qu’en faisant obstacle à la compréhension des événements vécus, la langue de bois a provoqué un traumatisme collectif, dont le remède serait le retour tardif sur ces évènements et l’art.

Introduction and purpose Art-therapy is a therapeutic method which uses art as a tool to achieve benefits in physical and mental health. This kind of psychotherapy uses artistic media as a basic form of communication. As an additional form of treatment, combined with medication, it helps not only to explore a patient’s difficulties and problems but also to overcome them. Art-therapy is playing an increasing role in the context of health in individuals struggling with different diseases, especially with the mental ones. This is a growing field of research and the aim of this brief review is to provide an update on the positive effects of art-therapy and to list health problems in which it would be significant to use this kind of therapy. Materials and methods A search was conducted using PubMed and GoogleScholar data bases. Articles were searched in English using the following key words: “art therapy”, “psychodrama”, “dance movement therapy”, “music therapy”, “creative art therapy”. Description of the state of knowledge Art-therapy has a wide range of benefits in chronically ill patients. Most common are the awareness of the emotions and behaviors and helping to deal with them, helping to deal with the process of treatment. The literature also draws attention to other results such as increasing self- esteem and improving the quality of life. Summary Art-therapy is associated with health benefits in people struggling with different health problems. Art-therapy has great potential to participate in future basic and adjunctive therapy but further research is needed in this area.

Nise da Silveira, a Brazilian psychiatrist, carried out groundbreaking work in the treatment of the mentally ill. When she encountered the conventional treatments of the time, such as electroshock and lobotomy, was shocked by such violence. In rejecting such methods, she was ostracised by the clinical establishment. Thus, in 1946, she began to run an abandoned Occupational Therapy center, where, through artistic expression and affectionate contact, she would encourage the works produced by the patients as documents that opened up a new understanding of the psychiatric patient’s inner universe. Through Jung, Nise came to understand the importance of the symbols revealed in the images of Art Therapy.

Unstable development of modern society with its socio-economic problems, uncertainty in the future, the growth of violence in society is increasingly the cause of emergence and development of anxious states of personality. Human life is accompanied by frequent experiences of negative modality, which leads to the manifestation of high anxiety disharmonizing social life, formation and development of personality. The article is devoted to the problem of occurrence and correction of anxious states of personality. It investigates the issue of using art therapy methods in the work of a psychologist for the correction of anxiety. It is determined that the purpose of art therapy, which is a specialized form of psychotherapy and based on art, is to harmonize the development of personality through the development of the ability to express oneself, to understand oneself. Scientific approaches to the development of art therapy in modern practical psychology for environmental psychotherapeutic care of the individual are analyzed. The essence of the concepts of “anxiety” and “worry” is presented, it is proved that there are similarities and differences between these concepts. Anxiety is defined as an emotional state that arises in a situation of uncertain danger and manifests itself in anticipation of unfavorable developments, and worry is an experience of emotional discomfort associated with the expectation of negative developments. Causes, preconditions and manifestations of anxiety states of personality are described. The analysis of the scientific literature of domestic psychologists and psychotherapists on the definition and presentation of techniques, programs of positive work with anxiety and worry of children and adults was made. The types of modern directions of art-therapeutic work of painting therapy, fairy-tale therapy, sand therapy were characterized. It is proved that the use of these types of art therapy in the work of a practical psychologist with anxiety, worry and anxiety states is effective. The examples were given of techniques for the use in therapeutic work with clients of different ages, personal development and psychological characteristics. It is concluded that nowadays the art therapy is both a technique of mental harmonization and human development, a means of resolving internal conflicts of personality and a means of activating the creative potential of an individual, the technique of activating resources and spreading the range of self-regulation. Using such types of art therapy as painting therapy, fairy-tale therapy, sand therapy when working with anxiety, fears, anxiety states, we can achieve high results in terms of professionalism of the psychologist and create a positive development situation for the client

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the impact of brief intervention paired with art therapy in patients who use alcohol. Method: This study presents intra-group design, with 11 alcoholics in the city of Tamarana-PR, Brazil, between 2015 and 2016. A test to identify the alcohol consumption level was used at the beginning/end of the actions. Cohen’s effect size and paired t-test were used to identify the impact of the actions on the reduction of alcohol intake. Results: Six participants ceased alcohol consumption, four showed high level of consumption and one presented average consumption. The paired t-test result suggested statistically significant difference between the initial and final scores, as well as 0.76 effect size. Conclusion: The brief intervention associated with the art therapy resulted in significant impact in reducing alcohol consumption. Investing in the continuous training of primary health care professionals is crucial to consolidate the improvements achieved.

Introduction: Art therapy is a form of psychotherapy that uses art media as its primary mode of expression and communication and enables individuals to use art to creatively express themselves. Art therapy is used to improve cognitive and sensorimotor functions, foster self-esteem and self-awareness, cultivate emotional resilience, promote insight, enhance social skills, reduce and resolve conflicts and distress. Purpose: The purpose of the review is to present the different uses of art therapy in psychiatric patients. State of knowledge: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence identifies that arts therapies, including art therapy or art psychotherapy, dance movement therapy, body psychotherapy, drama therapy and music therapy, are considered to improve negative symptoms of psychosis. Improved social skills are likely to be associated with increases in prosocial behaviours. Art therapy interventions are effective in reducing trauma symptom severity and anxiety in traumatized adults. Art and music therapy programs were effective in reducing the degree of depression. Summary: Art therapy is a part of therapy in many psychiatric diseases, including depressive disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and psychotic disorders. Although the effectiveness of art therapy has been confirmed by some studies, this topic should still be investigated so that art therapy can become more effective and available for bigger group of patients.

The paper presents the results of the development and analysis of the model's effectiveness for a foreign language teacher's professional creative development utilizing art therapy in the framework of additional education. The paper aims to provide a theoretical and empirical study of the effectiveness of the model for the professional creativity development of a foreign language teacher through art therapy in the framework of additional education. Attention is drawn to the role and importance of creativity in the foreign language teacher’s activity, to the importance of creative learning in the context of linguistic education. The research methodology and its algorithm are selected, including conducting a complex psychological and pedagogical experiment, conducting diagnostics of the declared parameters, and statistical analysis of the results based on the Spearman rs criterion before and after implementing the developed model. The study of the effectiveness of the model for the professional creative development of a foreign language teacher using art therapy in the framework of additional education was carried out based on the Institute of Foreign Languages of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN) in the Center for Additional Professional Education. The experimental and control group was formed. Each group consisted of 35 people. The sample is homogeneous by age and gender. The study results allow drawing a conclusion about the effectiveness of the developed development model and outlining the vector of further research in line with the stated problems.

A review of the book by Szymajda, A. (2016). Od muzykoterapii do “muzycznego lustra” dziecka [From music therapy to the child’s “music mirror”].

Abstract Objectives: To enable health professionals, in an outpatient care setting, to experience the group process of art therapy and to understand the meaning given by him/her to this experience. Method: A qualitative study, using Symbolic Interactionism and Qualitative Conventional Content Analysis as theoretical and methodological frameworks, respectively. Eight health professionals working in the outpatient clinic of a philanthropic institution participated in the art therapy process and later in semi-structured interviews. Results: For the professionals, art therapeutic workshop was an amazing and rewarding experience, a space of interaction that allowed them to know each other better, to respect and learn from their colleagues, to relax, relieve stress and express their emotions. It was defined as a therapeutic experience, promoter of health and well-being, prompting professionals to want the workshops to continue. Conclusions and implications for practice: The study contributes to the reflection and discussion about workers' health and to the need to create therapeutic resources, such as art therapy, as a support tool for their mental health and well-being. Innovative and creative interventions must be incorporated into health services to address the global clamor, emphasizing the need to promote mental health, especially for health professionals, which calls for urgent measures.

The art therapytechniques are increasinglyrenewed by the use of new instrumentsas new media (video and photo).Working with imagesis a powerful way to increase the client’sawareness in psychotherapy, because the perceptiveactcouldbringthe therapist to construct with the client the story of his life. The familypictures or personal snapshots are precious and important to stimulate the creative process, the use of metaphors and the contact with emotions. In thisregard, wewillexamine the concepts of personal growth, helping relationship and thesis of existence in the frame of the Gestaltpsychotherapy model. The work isexplaineddeeply, after a theoricalintroduction, takinginspiration from asession of psychotherapy in which the patientworkswith personal photographs.

What is PhotoTherapy and how does it differ from Therapeutic Photography? Is Photo- Therapy simply "Art Therapy using photos", or something different? And what, then is "Photo-Art-Therapy"? Is all this confusing? Yes! And in this Article written specifically for an Art Therapy Journal readership, I hope to provide a useful framework for positioning each of these in terms of their relationship to the others, and clarify their similarities and differences, including the areas where they overlap -- and explain the criteria used for distinguishing between them. I will explain the "Continuum of Photo-based Therapy Practices" (with PhotoTherapy at one end, and "Therapeutic Photography" at the other) that is in common use around the world for positioning one's practice so that others will be able to easily understand what it is. I will then locate the sub-category of "Photo-Art-Therapy" from within this context. I will then illustrate with "real-life" examples how I (both a U.S. Registered Art Therapist and Canadian Registered Psychologist) have used my knowledge of Art Therapy theory and practice to enhance the potential effectiveness of my PhotoTherapy work during therapy sessions with clients -- in ways that therapists and other mental health professionals who have not been educated about Art Therapy would be unable to do (or understand). By the end of this Article, I hope that readers will recognize that, whether an Art Therapist works from the "art-during-therapy" ("Art Psychotherapy") model of practice or the "art-as-the-therapy-itself" (Therapeutic Art Activities") model, they can benefit from adding PhotoTherapy techniques to their repertoire of adjunctive interventions: using their clients' own personal snapshots and family photographs (and their interactions with these) to evoke feelings, thoughts, and memories -- and related values, beliefs, attitudes, and expectations) in ways not possible when using other art media (or words) alone. After the definitions have been clarified and examples illustrated, the final Section of this Article will provide readers with information about many current practitioners in Spain (and how to contact them), who have long been using photos during their therapy work or as therapeutic/healing activities for self or others. Some are Art Therapists and some are not --and their differences will clearly illustrate the flexibility of the beneficial "partnership" of PhotoTherapy and Art Therapy.

Latin America migrant women are playing a significant role in contemporary migration movements, being integrated on their own jobs and new culture, thus helping development of both countries: origin and host societies.The proposed work is an art therapy intervention from a gender perspective carried out under the project: “Service of psychological support, psycho-pedagogical and educational for groups with special difficulties of social insertion, educational and employment”, funded by the European Social Fund and managed by the Community of Madrid and the Foundation Humanism and Democracy

O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar e comparar o desenvolvimento de crianças hospitalizadas, antes e após intervenções de Arteterapia. Esta pesquisa descritiva-exploratória realizou-se por meio de estudos de caso de fundo qualitativo, baseados na avaliação desenvolvimental de crianças. A pesquisa contou com cinco participantes na faixa etária entre sete e dez anos, no Hospital de Doenças Tropicais (HDT) de Goiânia, Goiás, em 2006. Seus resultados mostraram que as intervenções de Arteterapia foram eficazes na promoção do desenvolvimento infantil. Concluiu-se, então, que a Arteterapia constitui-se num meio para canalizar, de maneira positiva, as variáveis do desenvolvimento da criança hospitalizada e neutralizar os fatores de ordem afetiva que, naturalmente, surgem, além de expor os potenciais mais saudáveis da criança, por vezes pouco estimulados no contexto da hospitalização.Las finalidades de este estudio fueron las de evaluar y comparar el desarrollo de niños hospitalizados, antes y después de intervenciones de Arteterapia. Esta investigación descriptiva-exploratoria nos permitió realizar estudios de caso cualitativos, basados en la evaluación del desarrollo de niños. Participaron del estudio cinco participantes con edad entre siete y diez años, en el Hospital de Enfermedades Tropicales (HDT) de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil, en 2006. Los resultados mostraron que las intervenciones de Arteterapia fueron eficaces en la promoción del desarrollo infantil. Se concluye que la Arteterapia es un recurso para canalizar, de manera positiva, las variables del desarrollo del niño hospitalizado y neutralizar los factores de orden afectivo que, naturalmente, surgen, además de exponer los potenciales más sanos del niño, por veces poco estimulados en el contexto de la hospitalización.This study aimed to evaluate and compare the development of hospitalized children before and after art therapy interventions. Qualitative case studies were undertaken in this descriptive-exploratory research, based on the developmental evaluation of the children. The study participants were five children between seven and ten years old, in the Hospital of Tropical Illnesses (HDT) in the city of Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil, in 2006. Results showed that art therapy interventions efficiently promoted children’s development. Art therapy is a resource for positively channeling the variables of hospitalized children’s development and for neutralizing affective factors that naturally appear, as well as for exposing the child’s healthier potentials, which sometimes receive little stimulus in the context of hospitalization.

As oficinas terapêuticas permitem a possibilidade de projeção de conflitos internos/externos por meio de atividades artísticas, com a valorização do potencial criativo, imaginativo e expressivo do usuário. Objetivou-se identificar a percepção dos familiares sobre as oficinas terapêuticas desenvolvidas. Pesquisa descritiva, com delineamento qualitativo, desenvolvida nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) de Natal-RN, entre agosto e setembro de 2007. Foram entrevistados 28 familiares que participavam regularmente dos serviços. Os familiares destacaram o impacto positivo dos CAPS em suas trajetórias de tratamento e de vida, na melhoria da harmonia familiar. Sobre as oficinas terapêuticas, identificaram falhas e contradições, denunciando e apontando caminhos de superação. Percebem os espaços de participação nos CAPS como formas importantes de acompanhamento do seu familiar usuário, além do crescimento mútuo. As oficinas terapêuticas representam um instrumento importante de ressocialização e inserção individual em grupos, na medida em que propõem o trabalho, o agir e o pensar coletivos, conferidos por uma lógica inerente ao paradigma psicossocial.Los talleres terapéuticos permiten la posibilidad de la proyección de los conflictos internos / externos a través de actividades artísticas, con la valorización del potencial creativo, imaginativo y expresivo del usuario. El objetivo fue identificar la percepción de las familias acerca de los talleres terapéuticos realizados. Investigación descriptiva, con delineación cualitativa, desarrollada en los Centros de Atención Psicosocial (CAPS) en Natal-RN, Brasil, entre agosto y septiembre de 2007. Entrevistamos a 28 familiares que asistieron regularmente a los servicios. Los miembros de la familia destacaron el efecto positivo de CAPS en sus trayectos de terapéutica y de vida, en mejorar la armonía familiar. En los talleres terapéuticos, detectaron las deficiencias y las contradicciones, revelando y apuntando maneras para superarlos. Ellos perciben los espacios para la participación en CAPS como instrumentos esenciales para la observación de su usuario familiar, además de un crecimiento mutuo. Los talleres terapéuticos representan un importante instrumento de socialización e integración individual en grupos, al paso que se propone trabajar, pensar y actuar colectivamente, conferido por la lógica inherente al paradigma psicosocial.The therapeutic workshops allow the possibility of projection of internal / external conflicts through artistic activities, highlighting the creative, imaginative and expressive potential of the user. We aimed to identify the families' perception of the therapeutic workshops undertaken. The research descriptive, with qualitative design, developed in the Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) from Natal/RN between August and September 2007. We interviewed 28 families who regularly attended services. Family members emphasized the positive impact of CAPS in the course of their treatment and life, in improving family harmony. On the therapeutic workshops, were identified failures and contradictions, exposing and pointing ways to overcome them. They realize the opportunities for participation in CAPS as important ways of monitoring their family user, in addition to mutual growth. The therapeutic workshops represent an important instrument of socialization and integration in individual groups, while it proposes working, acting and collective thinking, conferred by an inherent logic of the psychosocial paradigm.

Emotions have a fundamental importance in human development and experience. In art therapy, working with the arts helps the personal and emotional development. The therapist can handle four phases to work with emotions in art therapy: naming, exploring, exercising and integrating.

The intervention from the Art therapy as a space of elaboration of the traumatic fact favours the victim’s recovery and facilitates its social reinsertion and its therapeutic rehabilitation through the image and the creative process. It promotes the expression from a different language that allows the canalization of sensations, emotions and memories without pushing to the catharsis. Art therapy offers a new road of expression that eliminates in great measure the limitation of the verbal blockade. It allows capture through the plastic image the sensorial reminiscent images, favouring the memory and the construction of a coherent story that facilitates the understanding of the traumatic event. This understanding opens for the victim the possibility to integrate the experience like a personal history whit a beginning, a development and a final. In a sure and free of trials space that facilitates the intervention from the salutogenesis, recognizing the strategies of survival and their implication in the processes health / illness.

Identifying contemporary art, tendencies in psychotherapy, creativity theories, art education and group dynamics as epistemological sources for the emergence of Art Therapy in the mid-20th century, this article asks for the current discursive space art therapy practice is inserted. Theoretical assumptions from two philosophical approaches, post-structuralism and contemporary critical theories, were reviewed to find out its potential relevance for art therapy in the current socio-political context. In addition of reflecting on the potentialities and challenges these theories raise for psychotherapeutic practice, the review highlights certain art therapy experiences which were carried out from both conceptual frameworks, as a result of the interest in discovering new approaches for patients in the 21st century.

This paper is based on a three phase research project lasting for nine years which investigated the effectiveness of art therapy groups for older people with dementia. It consisted of a pilot lasting for one year, a two-year random control group study and a qualitative analysis of the material from the project as a whole. It proposes that the culture of exclusion which applies to older people in general is much worse for those with mental health problems, and for thosewith dementia is can be catastrophic.

This article describes the 2 ½-month-long project that the participants named Nicosia. It is part of a larger-scale art therapy project, in the Day Mental Health Centre of Majadahonda (Madrid, Spain), during 2006, and carried out by the authors. Their proposal was attended, and funds were obtained to make Nicosia into a book. Finally, the media repercussions of this fact are discussed.

We think Art therapy is a combination between Art and Psychotherapy, where both parts encourage each other, where person and his process are the most important things. Art is used as a non-verbal communication vehicle, as a conscious and unconscious mean of expression because we recognize that thoughts are given more easily in images than in words. Through the creative process, we think about the development of personal conflicts and individual interests. In this article, we talk about the relations between Art therapy and Handicap. We try to know what is Cerebral Palsy as an example of therapeutic method from Art Therapy, to see the levels of therapeutic intervention, to consider Art Therapy as an integral way to treat people and to develop Resilience as one of the therapeutic targets.”

Presentation and description of a method of work with psychic handicapped children through music, visual and corporal expression, within a intersemiotic and polisensorial strategy. A case study on intersemiotic methodology is added.

O objetivo deste artigo é relatar a experiência vivida por um grupo de alunas do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Ceará, na disciplina Administração do Processo de Trabalho em Enfermagem II, na administração do ócio dos pacientes em um hospital de Fortaleza-CE. A experiência didática foi uma representação plástica a partir do Quadro de Referência Cognitivo-Comportamental realizado em abril de 2002, e teve como sujeitos sete pacientes e seis alunas de enfermagem. A criatividade artística dos pacientes fluiu em conseqüência do diálogo do artista com sua produção. A análise das produções artísticas foi complementada pelas observações das alunas. As obras produzidas foram interpretadas com a ajuda do teste de cores de Lüscher o que permitiu inferir o comportamento e os sentimentos exteriorizados nas cores variadas selecionadas pelos pacientes.El objetivo de este artículo es relatar la experiencia vivida por un grupo de alumnas del Curso de Graduación en Enfermería de la Universidad Federal del Ceará (Brasil), en la disciplina Administración del Proceso de Trabajo en Enfermería II, en la administración de la ociosidad de los pacientes en un hospital de Fortaleza - Ceára, Brasil. La experiencia didáctica fue una representación plástica desde el Cuadro de Referencia Cognoscitivo y del Comportamiento realizado en abril de 2002, y tenía como sujetos siete pacientes y seis alumnas de enfermería. La creatividad artística de los pacientes fluyó en consecuencia del diálogo del artista con su producción. El análisis de las producciones artísticas fue complementado por las observaciones de las alumnas. Las obras producidas habían sido interpretadas con la ayuda de la prueba de colores de Lüscher que permitió inferir en el comportamiento y en las sensaciones exteriorizadas en los colores variados seleccionados por los pacientesThe objective of this article is to report the experience lived by a group of students of the Course of Graduation in Nursing of the Federal University of Ceará (Brazil), in the Administration of the Process of Work in Nursing II discipline, in the administration of the idleness of the patients in a hospital of Fortaleza - Ceára, Brazil. The didactic experience was a plastic representation from the Cognitive and Behavioral Reference Picture carried through in April of 2002, and had as citizens seven patients and six students of nursing. The artistic creativity of the patients flowed in consequence of the dialogue of the artist with the production. The analysis of the artistic productions was complemented by the observations of the students. The produced pieces had been interpreted with the help of the test of colors from Lüscher which allowed infer in the behavior and in the feelings exteriorized in the varied colors selected by the patients.

The process in art therapy is described as a trip from own known territories to new others. It is a trip of creation in a safety context and a space of intimacy shared with the art therapist, where the participant goes away towards unknowed of himself, joining reason, emotion and intimacy.

Here is commented an exhibition about the drawings of th children in the Spanish civil war. From it, some aspects are checked concerning the birth of the art as therapy and concerning the children’s drawing, specifi cally Winnicot’s contributions on special situations as the war. Finally, Regina Lago’s work in the epoch of the Spanish civil war is checked. She investigated about children’s drawings during this confl ict and raised the possibility of using the drawings to evaluate the traumas of war, and she defended also the mediating value of drawing and painting between the child and his world, as element facilitator of the construction of sense.

The creative act is necessary and healthy, because it puts us in touch with life, with our own biography, our own body and allows to integrate the experience of living us, to show what we are. Artistic creation, when it is understood as therapeutic route, does not mean production of beautiful forms, but transformation of the real world across fusing and to mix experiences, emotions, desires, recollections, with forms and matters (objects, colors, textures, images), making possible that experience of silence, before the limitation of language, gives name to what we feel, and in a healthy way. From this point of view, artists and patients can share a common plot.

The paper makes a distinction between what it is not art therapy and a definition of this one as a process of accompaniment of persons in difficulty across the artistic productions. This process tries to allow to the subject to re-create himself in a symbolic tour: a process of accompanied symbolization. The therapeutic process is described as the step of a narrative centred on I/here/now, to a narrative centred in /he/it/, which provokes the transformation of the creative subject. There is distinguished, likewise, between what the art therapist must learn to accompany in this process and what sometimes it is believed, erroneously, that it forms a part also of his formation.

We present here an experience of support s to women across a art therapy group, developed from 2002. There is described the origin of this project, developed in a zone close to Barcelona for women who were living through a situation of particular diffi culty, as mistreatment or isolation and in enough occasions also in contact with alcoholism. Its aims and its evolution throughout the years are described here and its condition and current balance are evaluated.

The paper affirms that art does not recover but can be therapeutic, and suffering can be an opportunity to create instead of an obstacle to the creation. Opposite to a conception of art therapy in hospitable context as workshop of leisure or space of distraction and withdrawal of oneself, a vision of art therapy appears as learning of self, as contact with the unacceptable, asocial and darkly of the own singularity. The art therapy workshop is a place of meeting and clash with self, taking advantage of a context without risk that contributes the artistic activity, unlike other spaces socialized of the daily life.

This paper defends an integral medicine to approach the suffering of terminal states, where the palliative team must be multidisciplinary. In this team, the art therapist is qualifi ed to take charge of the emotional aspects of the terminal patient, to relieve the suffering and to improve the quality of life of the patient and his relatives, in an approach of here/now. But a hanging task in art therapy is the checking and evaluation of its efficiency. With this aim we are developing a study nowadays in the Unit of Care Palliative of the University Hospital Sant-Pau, Barcelona, subsidized by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology.

The paper shows the results of a work about the effects of the tragic events of September 11 in the expression of oniric images across diaries of dreams and pictorial creations in a group of artists and other one of students.

Within the Art Therapy Master of University Complutense of Madrid we have given stress on research at three main levels: educational, clinical setting and social setting, where we have reached important results. In this article I will focused just on two financed researchs.

There are described some experiences developed in different meetings in two workshops of art therapy: the Workshop of Art and Painting, an optional subject of the fi rst cycle of the program that the Permanent Classroom of Permanent Training, in Granada University, dedicates to persons 50 years old; and the workshop of the Therapeutic Community of North Area of Hospital Virgen del las Nieves, Granada, which users, patients of chronic character, are frequently schizophrenics.

A definition is contributed of art therapy, a description of its origin and evolution, of the varied origin and formation of its professionals. The work in art therapy is described in relation with the different arts and with its interconnection. Finally, there are described the characteristics of the intervention of the art therapist from a series of fundamental keys.