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Introduction: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the treatment of choice for high-risk Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma., Objective: Compare the capacity to mobilize CD34+ cells for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using schemes with chemotherapy and without chemotherapy plus filgrastim in patients diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma., Material and Methods: The clinical records of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received an autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant were analyzed retrospectively. Filgrastim alone or in combination with chemotherapy was used as mobilization scheme. Cell harvesting was classified as adequate when > 2 × 106 cells/kg were collected., Results: Forty-seven patients (Hodgkin's lymphoma, 24; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 23) were included. Comparing groups of Hodgkin's lymphoma mobilized with chemotherapy (15 patients) and without chemotherapy (nine patients), one apheresis procedure was sufficient in 73 and 44% of patients, respectively (p = 0.04), the average of CD34 + cells/kg collected was 11 x 106 and 3 x 106, respectively (p = 0.017), and the collection was adequate in 100 and 55.6% of cases, respectively (p = 0.014). Comparing the groups of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mobilized with chemotherapy (six patients) and without chemotherapy (17 patients), one apheresis procedure was sufficient in 33 and 65% of patients, respectively (p = 0.26), the average of CD34+ cells/kg was 3.56 x 106 and 3.41 x 106, respectively (p = 0.47), and collection was adequate in 66.6 and 59% of cases, respectively (p = 0.37)., Conclusion: In Hodgkin's lymphoma patients, mobilization schemes with chemotherapy were more effective considering the number of cells collected, the number of apheresis required, and the percentage of successful cell collections. In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients, there were no significant differences between the two groups.

Objective: To determine the variations in the levels of capacity buffer of the saliva in children and adolescents with cancer that receiving Metotrexate or cyclophosphamide., Materials and Methods: A clinical, random-controlled assay was carried out. The sample was composed by 24 children, ages between 2 and 16 years, with diagnostic of Leukemia and Lymphomas attending to The Autonomous Service of University Hospital of Maracaibo and Hospital of Pediatric Specialties. Two groups were conformed to which a sample of saliva was taken before and after the chemotherapy; twelve patients were randomly placed in the G1: patient receiving Metotrexate and twelve in the G2: patient receiving cyclophosphamide. In order to determine the capacity buffer, the CRT Buffer IVOCLAR VIVADENT was used., Results: The capacity salivary buffer did not show significant differences before and after the administration of the cytostatic agents studied., Conclusions: In this study, the Metotrexate or cyclophosphamide administration does not modify the salivary buffer capacity in pediatric patient with cancer.

Cyclophosphamide derivatives for in vitro use, such as mafosphamide L lysine (ASTA-Z 7654) are capable of removing residual leukaemic cells from the bone marrow used for autologous transplantation. ASTA-Z also removes committed stem cells detected in semi-solid cultures (CFU-GM). However, haemopoiesis is preserved by more immature progenitors, undetected in usual cultures but detectable in liquid culture of 21 days (MTC). After treating 15 normal bone marrow specimens with 100 microM ASTA-Z, CFU-GM cultures and medium-term cultures (MTC) are carried out. CFU-GM are cultured on the 21st day of incubation from the cell suspension of the MTC. The CFU-GM made the day of in vitro treatment (0.9 colonies/plate) reappear in the CFU-GM cultures performed on the 21st day of incubation of MTC (42 colonies/plate), although the figures attained in parallel controls without any treatment are not fully reached.

Spleen lymphocytes from donor mice immunized against rabies virus were transferred into non immunised cyclophosphamide treated syngeneic mice. Antibody producing cells against rabies antigens were increased in the cyclosphosphamide treated recipient mice (p less than 0.01) as compared to then non treated recipient mice. A fusion was made with the splenic cells of cyclophosphamide treated recipient mice and SP2 murine myeloma cells 30 of 144 hypridoma plated welles were positive. There results suggest that cyclophosphamide immunosuppression inhibits the regulation of antibody production.

The course of viral infection in rats of several ages after intracerebral inoculation with two strains of Junin virus, as well as the effect of an immunosuppressor was studied. The survival rate in 2-day-old rats was 95%, which fell to 45% in cyclophosphamide-treated infected animals (Figure 1a). However, barely 5% of these rats inoculated with the XJCl3 strain survived, while the cyclophosphamide suppressive treatment increased the rate to 36% (Figure 1b). This contrasting behaviour suggested that the XJ strain produces a subclinical infection in 2-day-old rats and the host immune mechanisms are responsible for recovery from the viral infection. Adequate immunosuppression converts sublethal experimental infections into lethal infection, accompanied by persistent viral replication in the target organ (brain) and suppression of anti-viral antibodies (Figure 2a). On the other hand, the inoculation of 2-day-old rats with the XJCl3 Junin virus may give rise to an immunopathology avoidable by CY treatment. In 10-day-old rats both strains of Junin virus caused a direct pathology, not modified by CY treatment (Table 3). This treatment failed to change susceptibility or virus concentration in the brain, but specific antibodies were considerably reduced. In the case of 26-day-old rats, there was total resistance to viral infection which remained unchanged after CY treatment.

The authors study the effects of MTX, 5-FU and cyclosphosphamide on cell morphology in several human genital neoplasms growing in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane, comparing them with the cell alterations observed in homologous tumors in cancer patients treated by radiation therapy.

During the course of this investigation we have studied different aspects related to the interaction between immune complexes (CI) and their cellular receptors for the Fc-fragment of IgG (RFc gamma). Our first approach was to demonstrate that the alternative pathway of complement is the main one responsible for the CI-dissociation from their receptors of human peripheral mononuclear cells. This modulatory effect was studied throughout the functional restoration of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (CCCDA), which is a mechanism susceptible to Cl-inhibition. The results suggest that the levels of circulating Cl do not necessarily correlate with the tissue damage they produce. Secondly, we have demonstrated that cyclophosphamide (Cy), which is a potent immunomodulating drug which has been used for the treatment of diseases characterized by high levels of Cl, enhances the capacity of the mononuclear phagocytic system to remove IgG-particulate complexes in mice. Finally, we have described a nonspecific cytotoxic system triggered by Cl against different target cells, through a mechanism that involves the reactive metabolites of O2.

A study was made of the effect of ciclofosfamide on the nephrotic syndrome, glomecular filtration rate, immuproteins clearance complement, and urinary sediment in 14 patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. It was found that the nephrotic syndrome disappeared in 7 out of 8 cases, the glomerular filtration rate increased significantly in 13 out of 14 patients, and there was no correlation between the action of the drug and the behavior of the immunoglobulins clearances, complement, and the urinary sediment. Neither was there found a correlation between the increased renal function and the histological spectrum.