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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is a common cause of severe and potentially fatal encephalitis. Autoimmune post-herpes simplex encephalitis (AIPHSE) affects a percentage of patients who developed herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) and is characterized by the onset of new neurological/psychiatric symptoms and/or worsening of deficits acquired during the herpes infection within a predictable time frame. It is caused by a mechanism not related to HSV, but by autoimmune conditions, and is susceptible to treatment with immunomodulators. Here we describe the case of a 5-year-old boy with AIPHSE who required first- and second-line immunomodulatory treatment, with an adequate course and remission of symptoms., (Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría.)

Costal osteochondromas are benign, uncommon and usually asymptomatic tumors, but may be associated with severe intrathoracic complications such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, nerve or vascular injury and fractures. We report a 12 year old patient, who presented a right spontaneous pneumothorax, which did not improve with standard treatment. Thoracic CT showed a costal exostosis of 2.5 cm in length. Excision was performed by videothoracoscopy (VATS), with good postoperative course. We consider the thoracoscopic approach as the most appropriate initial way in this type of tumors.

Testicular tumors occur in 0.5 to 2 per 100,000 children. They are 1-2% of all solid tumors before puberty. The clinical history, testicular and abdominal ultrasonography, alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin, estrogens and androgen levels, FSH and LH determine the diagnosis. The pathology determines the specific cell. We report seven cases, three germ cell tumors: a Yolk sac tumor in a child of 18 months and two mature teratomas in children between 2 and 11 years presenting as a painless testicular mass without other symptoms. Three tumors estrumales: one derived from Leydig cells and two of the granulosa cells, a palpable testicular mass was added precocious puberty in stage II-III of Tanner in the first, second gynecomastia in Tanner stage III and the third only with testicular mass. The seventh case, Lipoma para-testicular mass palpable. The treatment was radical orchiectomy in five cases. Testis-sparing surgery in Leydig cell tumor and resection of the paratesticular mass was performed through scrotal. The Yolk sac tumor requiring chemotherapy with good outcome. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is not recommended in prepubertal. Historically prepubertal testicular tumors have been treated in adults. Recent testicular preservation algorithms optimize and minimize the morbidity of adjuvant therapies. Many are benign and can be treated with preservation of the testis. Localized malignant tumors can be treated by orchiectomy.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization in two anatomical sites in Mexican women of childbearing age, as well as the associated risk factors., Patients and Method: A retrospective cohort analysis was made with two groups of women between 14 and 44 years old. We formed two groups of 72 women; one had a recent positive group B Streptococcus culture and the other, paired by age and culture date, had a negative culture of the same bacterium. All of them answered a validated questionnaire and two rectal swabs were obtained and cultured for isolation of group B Streptococcus., Results: Prevalence of GBS colonization was 18% for two anatomical sites (heavy colonization), and 37% for one anatomical site; the overall prevalence was 54.9%. Three or more sexual partners increased by 4-fold the risk of heavy GBS colonization (p < 0.01). In this study 49 (34%) women were pregnant, 26 (53%) of them were colonized by GBS and 7 (14.3%) were heavy colonized., Conclusions: Prevalence of GBS during pregnancy in Mexican women was higher than the reported previously, even in developed countries. Risk of colonization increased by 4-fold with a history of three or more sexual partners.

The Enterobacteriaceae are the major cause of urinary tract infections (UTI). The Gram-positive Cocci also produce UTI, of these Staphylococcus saprophyticus are the most frequent reported. To know the clinical and microbiological characteristics of the UTI caused by Staphylococcus in the gyneco-obstetric patients, we made a prospective study of the case identified at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología during the period from January to July 1992. There were 32 cases, 19 cystourethritis, 12 asymptomatic bacteriuria, and one pyelonephritis. Twenty nine of the Staphylococcus isolated were coagulase-negative (SCN), of them Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most regained. The 82.7% of the SCN isolated had a positive slime test. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed a low percent of resistance to the majority of the antimicrobial agents proved excepting penicillin and gentamicin.