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Background: An association between granuloma annulare (GA) and dyslipidaemia has been reported. Adipophilin expression may play a plausible role as a cutaneous biomarker for dyslipidaemia in patients with GA; however, this potential link remains to be explored., Methods: Patients with GA were identified at our hospital between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2021, with a thorough review of their clinical and histological characteristics. Adipophilin staining was assessed in biopsies of GA lesions., Results: A total of 107 patients with GA were included. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia in patients with positive adipophilin staining was clearly higher than in those with negative labelling (62.3% vs 13.3%). Relative to the dyslipidaemia risk for patients with negative adipophilin expression, the odds for patients with positive adipophilin expression were increased 10-fold (OR: 10.8; p-value<.01). We identified 23 incident cases of dyslipidaemia over a median follow-up period of 91 months among 54 patients with no history of dyslipidaemia. The patients with positive adipophilin expression showed a higher risk of developing dyslipidaemia (HR: 8.9; p-value<.01)., Conclusions: Patients with positive adipophilin staining in their GA biopsies were found to be associated with a higher risk for both baseline and incident dyslipidaemia., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Objective: To determine the relationship between the components of the metabolic syndrome with the presence of blepharitis., Methods: The study included 60 patients with a diagnosis of blepharitis and 30 control subjects. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were recorded, and peripheral venous blood samples were obtained under fasting conditions to determine the concentration of Glucose, Cholesterol, and Triglycerides. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was determined after precipitating lipoproteins containing apoB-100 with phosphotungstic acid/Mg 2+ . The concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using the Friedewald formula modified by DeLong., Results: In the comparative analysis, statistically significant differences were found in the waist circumference (P=.0491), systolic blood pressure (P=.0149), glucose (P=.0045), total cholesterol (P=.0001), HDL-C (P=.0049), LDL-C (P=.0266), and triglycerides (P=.0059); while there was no significant differences in the BMI or the diastolic pressure., Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that the metabolic syndrome could be considered a risk factor for the development of blepharitis, and its timely detection is essential to avoid future complications., (Copyright © 2018 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

In type 2 diabetes mellitus there is an overproduction of chylomicron in the postprandial state that is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Current evidence points out a leading role of enterocyte in dyslipidemia of type 2 diabetes mellitus, since it increases the production of apolipoprotein B-48 in response to a raise in plasma free fatty acids and glucose. The chylomicron metabolism is regulated by many factors apart from ingested fat, including hormonal and metabolic elements. More recently, studies about the role of gut hormones, have demonstrated that glucagon-like peptide-1 decreases the production of apolipoprotein B-48 and glucagon-like peptide-2 enhances it. Insulin acutely inhibits intestinal chylomicron production in healthy humans, whereas this acute inhibitory effect on apolipoprotein B-48 production is blunted in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Understanding these emerging regulators of intestinal chylomicron secretion may offer new mechanisms of control for its metabolism and provide novel therapeutic strategies focalized in type 2 diabetes mellitus postprandial hyperlipidemia with the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk.

Several chronic transmissible (e.g. AIDS) and non transmissible diseases like cadiovascular disease, are associated with oxidative stress (EOX) and dyslipidemia. Has been reported that Spirulina can reduce them, this has been demonstrated in vitro and in animal models but scarcely in humans. Through a systematic review on last 5 years (keywords: Spirulina AND cholesterol, Spirulina AND oxidative stress) 8 intervention studies with humans were reported, finding that oral (1-10 g/d) subchronic (0.5-6 month) administration of Spirulina appears to have and hypolipidemic and antioxidant effect. However, no study was properly randomized and/or controlled and no biological mechanism was proposed to support these findings. The level of evidence and the absence of appropriate experimental designs do not allow validating Spirulina as a functional food for preventing dyslipidemic diseases and EOX, and hereby decrease the CVD. We do not found papers relating harmful effect., (Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease encompasses a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis without excess alcohol intake and is considered to be the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Recent studies indicate that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is closely related to cardiovascular disease, especially to thickening of the intima-media layer of the carotid artery, as the morphostructural manifestation of the presence of subclinical atheromatosis. Therefore, the correct management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease would allow the natural history of both the liver disease and the atherosclerosis to be modified., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier España, S.L. and AEEH y AEG. All rights reserved.)

Cryptogenic cirrhosis represents the third cause of cirrhosis in Mexico and comprises the clinical spectrum of NAFLD. Insulin resistance is the main factor in NASH development, as well as genetic and environmental factors. Derangement in insulin signaling pathways, either pre-receptor or post-receptor, causes insulin resistance (IR). The post-receptor dysfunction represents the primary cause of IR and links with metabolic syndrome, mainly diabetes and obesity. Prevailing metabolic moment will establish the IR status. NASH progression causes fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocelular carcinoma. Therapy is currently directed at treating components of the metabolic syndrome which may be beneficial for the liver. Through different mechanisms IR originates to fat deposit in liver and subsequently under oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines and then to inflammatory infiltrate, fibrosis and finally cirrhosis. This review focuses on insulin resistance and the related mechanisms of hepatic damage.

Dyslipidemia seen in the critically ill patient is a common disturbance, poorly recognized by physicians in this setting. Shock states, sepsis, multifactorial systemic inflammatory response syndrome and ischemia-reperfusion injury are associated with important metabolic changes that contribute to this disturbance. As a result, the lipid concentration, including cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins and apo-lipoprotein A-I, diminishes. Previous reports correlate the disturbance in lipids with a higher risk of infection, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multiple organic dysfunction syndrome, and raised mortality. The use of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein may be a therapeutic alternative for the management of this entity.

Background: Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and serum lipid abnormalities are common among obese people and they should improve with weight reduction., Aim: To study the outcome of these abnormalities after bariatric surgery in morbid obesity patients., Material and Methods: Two hundred thirty two morbid obese patients subjected to gastric bypass, were evaluated in the preoperative period and every three months after surgery, during a minimum of 12 months. Clinical evolution, blood glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance measured with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and serum lipid levels were analyzed., Results: In the preoperative period, 17% had type 2 diabetes, 49% had abnormal serum lipid levels and 25% had high blood pressure. Sixty six percent had at least one of these abnormalities and 20% had more than one. During follow up, body mass index decreased from 44 to 29.3 kg/m2. Total and HDL cholesterol, blood glucose and insulin resistance significantly decreased from the third month after surgery. Diabetes disappeared in 97% of diabetic subjects, blood pressure normalized in 53% of subjects with hypertension and serum lipid levels returned to normal in 88% of subjects with dyslipidemia., Conclusions: Gastric bypass in morbid obese patients achieves a significant and important weight reduction that results in significant reductions in the frequency of diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension among operated obese subjects.