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O objetivo deste estudo foi buscar in silico os ESTs do Banco de dados do Genoma de Eucalyptus (FORESTs, 2001) correlacionados com genes de alongamento celular envolvidos com crescimento de forma geral. Utilizando bibliotecas de cDNA, nós identificamos agrupamentos de ESTs semelhantes às proteínas controlando alongamento celular registradas no National Center of Biotechnologies Information – NCBI (2002). A busca mostrou similaridade para os seguintes agrupamentos de ESTs: o agrupamento EGEZLV2207D07.g com a enzima esterol delta redutase, EGEQRT4200A01.g com a proteína LKB biossintética de brassinosteróide, EGJMLV2220C06.g com EMBL-transportador mitocondrial half ABC, EGACST6260F07.g e EGMCFB1086B12.g com esterol 22 alfa hidroxilase (CYP90) (P450) e EGEQSL1051D09.g com EGEZSL5201E08.g para aproteína copine. The objective of study was in silico mining of ESTs from Eucalyptus ESTs database (FORESTs, 2001) correlated with cell elongation genes of growth character. Using cDNA libraries, we identified similar EST clusters to the proteins involved on control of cell elongation have been registered on National Center of Biotechnologies Information – NCBI (2002). The data mining has shown similarities for the following ESTs clusters: EGEZLV2207D07.g with delta sterol reductase, EGEQRT4200A01.g with LKB brassinosteroid biosynthetic protein, EGJMLV2220C06.g with EMBL-transporter of mitochondrial half ABC, EGACST6260F07.g and EGMCFB1086B12.g with steroid 22-α hydroxylase, and EGEQSL1051D09.g with EGEZSL5201E08.g for copine protein.

Trata-se de um estudo sobre “datamining”envolvendo genes ligados ao crescimento decontrole não hormonal, utilizando o banco dedados de ESTs de eucalipto, efetuado atravésdo Projeto Genoma do Eucalipto (FORESTs)comparados ao nível de aminoácidos. Foramidentificados os clusters de ESTsEGBGFB1211D01.g, EGEZRT6201E10.g,EGCCFB1220G07.g, EGRFCL1206E01.g,EGEQST2006A06.g, EGRFCL1206E01.g,EGEQRT3001H05.b e EGBFRT3106G11.g,similares às proteínas de celulose sintase e suassubunidades controlando o crescimento emArabidopsis thaliana, Gossipium hirsutum,Populus tremuloides, Zea mays e Nicotiana alata,registradas no National Center of BiotechnologiesInformation - NCBI, informação valiosa parafuturos programas de melhoramento genético dogênero Eucalyptus.This is a study about data mining ofexpressed sequence tags (ESTs) involved withcellulose synthase growth effect genes resultedfrom the Eucalyptus ESTs Genome Project(FORESTs) compared at aminoacids level. Using asequencing of derived from cDNAs librariesinduced and not induced by bacteria, wereidentified EST clusters EGBGFB1211D01.g,EGEZRT6201E10.g, EGCCFB1220G07.g,EGRFCL1206E01.g, EGEQST2006A06.g,EGRFCL1206E01.g, EGEQRT3001H05.b, andEGBFRT3106G11.g, similar to cellulose synthaseproteins controlling growth effect in Arabidopsisthaliana, Gossipium hirsutum, Populustremuloides, Zea mays, and Nicotiana alata,registered on National Center of BiotechnologiesInformation - NCBI. These mining results areimportant to improve Eucalyptus breeding programs.

Tracer substances, used to evaluate spraying effectiveness, ordinarily modify the surface tension of aqueous solutions. This study aimed to establish a method of using tracers to evaluate distribution and amount of spray deposits, adjusted to the surface tension of the spraying solution. The following products were tested: 0.15% Brilliant Blue, 0.15% Saturn Yellow in 0.015% Vixilperse lignosulfonate, and 0.005% sodium fluorescein, and mixtures of Brilliant Blue plus Saturn Yellow and Brilliant Blue plus sodium fluorescein at the same concentrations. Solutions were deposited on citrus leaves and stability was determined by measuring fluorescence and optical density of solutions without drying, dried in the dark and exposed to sunlight for 2, 4 and 8 h. These values were compared to those obtained directly in water. The static surface tension of the tracer solution was determined by weighing droplets formed during a period of 20 to 40 seconds. The Brilliant Blue and Saturn Yellow mixture at 0.15% was stable under all conditions tested. It was not absorbed by the leaves and maintained the same surface tension as that of water, thus permitting concentration adjustment to the same levels used for agrochemical products, and allowing the development of a qualitative method based on visual evaluation of the distribution of the pigment under ultraviolet light and of a quantitative method based on the determination of the amount of the dye deposited in the same solution. Spray deposition could be evaluated at different surface tensions of the spraying solution, simulating the effect of agrochemical formulations.

Este experimento teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da cultura da cevada e de períodos de controle das plantas daninhas sobre o crescimento e produção de sementes de Raphanus sativus. Foram considerados dois tratamentos testemunha sem controle das plantas daninhas, com e sem a cultura. Nos oito demais tratamentos, a cultura esteve sempre presente, controlando-se as plantas daninhas até 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80 e 100 dias após a emergência da cevada. A comunidade infestante da área era composta quase exclusivamente por R. .sativus. Avaliou-se o número de plantas, acúmulos de matéria seca, número médio de frutos e sementes de nabiça por planta e por unidade de área ; foram ainda avaliados o número médio de sementes por fruto, peso médio de 1.000 sementes e a contribuição das sementes na composição da matéria se catota. A análise dos resultados evidenciou que a espécie Raphanus sativus apresenta elevado potencial reprodutivo, sendo possível concluir pela ineficiência de programas de controle de curta duração, em termos de redução do banco de sementes. A presença da cultura da cevada reduziu tanto o crescimento quanto o número de sementes produzidas pela nabiça (R. sativus). Na ausência da cultura e de práticas de controle foram produzidas 5.074 sementes/m, a partir de 125 plantas/m ainda presentes na colheita da cultura.The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of barley and weed control periods on the seed production and growth of Raphanus sativus, the major weed in the experimental area. The experiment was carried out in Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Two checks, with and without the crop, were kept weedy from seeding to harvest. In other eight treatments the crop was kept weed free up to 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80 and 100 days after emergence. It were evaluated the number of plants, the dry matter accumulation and the number of fruits and seeds per plant and per m2, the weight of 1.000 seeds and the percent of the seeds in the total dry matter accumulation. Raphanus sativus showed a high reproductive potential, producing 5. 074 seed s/m2 if kept without control in the absence of the crop. Barley reduced the growth and the seed production of R. sativus. To reduce de seed production to values lower than the population density of the R. sativus in the checks, the weed should be controlled up to 30-100 days after crop emergence.

O objetivo deste estudo foi buscar in silico os ESTs do Banco de dados do Genoma de Eucalyptus (FORESTs, 2001) correlacionados com genes de alongamento celular envolvidos com crescimento de forma geral. Utilizando bibliotecas de cDNA, nós identificamos agrupamentos de ESTs semelhantes às proteínas controlando alongamento celular registradas no National Center of Biotechnologies Information – NCBI (2002). A busca mostrou similaridade para os seguintes agrupamentos de ESTs: o agrupamento EGEZLV2207D07.g com a enzima esterol delta redutase, EGEQRT4200A01.g com a proteína LKB biossintética de brassinosteróide, EGJMLV2220C06.g com EMBL-transportador mitocondrial half ABC, EGACST6260F07.g e EGMCFB1086B12.g com esterol 22 alfa hidroxilase (CYP90) (P450) e EGEQSL1051D09.g com EGEZSL5201E08.g para a proteína copine.

Trata-se de um estudo sobre “datamining” envolvendo genes ligados ao crescimento de controle não hormonal, utilizando o banco de dados de ESTs de eucalipto, efetuado através do Projeto Genoma do Eucalipto (FORESTs) comparados ao nível de aminoácidos. Foram identificados os clusters de ESTs EGBGFB1211D01.g, EGEZRT6201E10.g, EGCCFB1220G07.g, EGRFCL1206E01.g, EGEQST2006A06.g, EGRFCL1206E01.g, EGEQRT3001H05.b e EGBFRT3106G11.g, similares às proteínas de celulose sintase e suas subunidades controlando o crescimento em Arabidopsis thaliana, Gossipium hirsutum, Populus tremuloides, Zea mays e Nicotiana alata, registradas no National Center of Biotechnologies Information - NCBI, informação valiosa para futuros programas de melhoramento genético do gênero Eucalyptus.

In conservation agriculture, mainly under direct seeding, maintaining the vegetation ground cover is essential, since this serves as a reservoir of nutrients which are slowly released to plants by microorganisms. Some authors have sought to study increases in the amount of straw in the soil, in addition to slowing down the process of decomposition, with hormesis being one of the techniques used. This technique states that all chemical substances are both poisonous and nonpoisonous, with only the dosage determining whether they are lethal or not. This study aimed to evaluate the dry weight and agronomic characteristics of a crop of black oat subjected to hormesis. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, with 12 treatments and 4 replications, giving a total of 48 experimental lots. The treatments were: Haloxyfop-R Methyl Ester at dosages of 0.625, 1.25 and 2.50 g ha-1; Glyphosate at dosages of 12.50, 25.00 and 50.00 g ha-1; 2,4-D dimethylamine salt at dosages of 100.00, 200.00 and 300.00 g ha-1; Alterbane at a dosage of 500.00 g ha-1; Salicylic acid at a dose of 100 g ha-1; and a control. It was concluded that for the subdosages under test, the herbicides 2,4-D at medium dosage and Verdict at low dosage were shown to be the best treatments for conserving straw as ground cover under direct seeding.