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Introducción: El síndrome metabólico (SM) en niños se ha vinculado al desarrollo de ateroesclerosis subclínica, estimada por el grosor intimo-medial carotideo (CIMT). Objetivos: Estudiar la asociación del CIMT con los componentes del SM, la resistencia insulínica (RI) y el estado nutricional en escolares, además de explorar puntos de corte asociados a riesgo. Métodos: Estudio transversal de 447 niños asistentes a escuelas públicas de Santiago, Chile (2009-2011), seleccionados por presentar uno o más componentes del SM y RI. Se realizó antropometría y toma estandarizada de presión de arteria braquial, además de muestras de sangre para determinar lípidos glicemia e insulinemia. Se midió el CIMT por ultrasonografía de alta resolución. Se utilizó correlación de Pearson, t de Student, chi cuadrado y regresión logística. Resultados: Edad 11,5 ± 1,0 años (rango 10-14); 59% mujeres; 93% púberes; 72% con exceso de peso; 24% con SM y 15% con RI. Los promedios de los componentes del SM en los niños con CIMT ≥ percentil 75 vs < percentil 75 tuvieron diferencias para presión arterial sistólica o diastólica ≥ percentil 90 (PA) y colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad ≤ 40 mg/dL (CHDL). En la regresión logística para CIMT ≥ percentil 75 fueron seleccionadas PA y CHDL. En la regresión logística para CIMT ≥ percentil 90 no hubo variables seleccionadas. Conclusiones: En este grupo de niños los niveles de PA y CHDL se asocian con CIMT ≥ percentil 75. No se encontró asociación con estado nutricional y RI posiblemente por ser una muestra seleccionada.

Background: This study was designed to detect the potential association of a nonfunctional adrenal incidentaloma (NFAI) with insulin resistance and associated metabolic disturbances, with a subsequent increase in cardiovascular risk factors., Methods: Eighty-three NFAI patients and 56 volunteers (controls) without any adrenal abnormalities on computed tomography (CT) were included. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin, lipid profiles, uric acid, homocysteine, fibrinogen, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and adiponectin levels were measured in both groups. Blood pressure (BP), waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) were evaluated in both the patients and volunteers., Results: There were no significant difference between the NFAI and control groups with respect to age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic BP, smoking, concomitant disease, and medications. Fasting insulin and glucose levels and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores were significantly higher in the NFAI group as compared with those in the control group (p<0.01). The frequency of metabolic syndrome in the NFAI group was higher than that in the control group (p<0.01). All the lipid fractions, except triglyceride (TG), (p<0.05), homocysteine (p=0.01), and fibrinogen levels (p<0.001), were significantly higher in the NFAI group as compared with the levels in the control group. There were no significant differences between the NFAI and control groups in terms of uric acid, hs-CRP, and adiponectin levels. The CIMT values in the NFAI group were significantly higher than those in the control group (0.74±0.14 vs. 0.53±0.09, p<0.001). The mean CIMT value showed a statistically positive correlation with age (r=0.245, p=0.004); the HOMA-IR score (r=0.490, p<0.001); and FBG (r=0.521, p<0.001), fasting insulin (r=0.432, p<0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (r=0.267, p=0.002), and fibrinogen (r=0.398, p<0.001) levels in the NFAI group., Conclusions: The results indicated that the NFAI patients had an elevated risk of insulin resistance, with metabolic syndrome and increased CIMT values. Long-term follow-up studies should be designed to evaluate postsurgical alterations in metabolic parameters and cardiovascular risk factors in NFAI patients., (Copyright © 2019 SEEN y SED. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)