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A proliferating pilar tumor is a rare skin neoplasm that arises from the outer root sheath of a hair follicle. Presentation varies widely, as the tumor can be benign or malignant and has a high probability of recurring after excision. We report our experience managing 3 proliferating pilar tumors with different clinical presentations and pathology findings at Hospital de San José, Bogota, Colombia., (Copyright © 2019 AEDV. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Epidermal nevi are hamartomatous lesions derived from the epidermis and/or adnexal structures of the skin; they have traditionally been classified according to their morphology. New variants have been described in recent years and advances in genetics have contributed to better characterization of these lesions and an improved understanding of their relationship with certain extracutaneous manifestations. In the second part of this review article, we will look at nevi derived from the adnexal structures of the skin and associated syndromes., (Copyright © 2018 AEDV. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To describe our experience with pilomatrixomas, clinical presentation, clinical accuracy, associated diseases, and surgical treatment., Methods: A retrospective review of patients with a pathology report of an excised pilomatrixoma between 2011 and 2014. Data regarding gender, age of intervention, number of masses, size, location, and preoperative clinical diagnosis, pathology report, recurrences, and associated diseases were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using EPIinfo 7.1.5., Results: A total of 151 tumors in 138 patients were removed, 25 were excluded for having a clinical diagnosis of pilomatrixoma without confirmation of the pathology report. The remaining 126 cases have an average age of 8.26 years (range 1-14 years) and 50.72% are males. The tumors were located above the umbilicus in 97% of the cases, with a higher concentration of 50.72% in the head and neck. The clinical diagnosis corresponds with the pathology report in 69.05% of cases. Out of these confirmed cases the most frequent differential diagnosis is cystic lesion (11.90%) and dermoid cyst (10.22%). There were no cases of malignant degeneration. The average diameter is 1.13 cm, there were no recurrences, but there were 11 cases of a new lesion in a different location. There is no statistical association with other pathologies. The most frequent diseases found were obesity (3.62%) and attention deficit syndrome (3.62%)., Conclusion: The pilomatrixoma is a tumor that appears predominantly in the head and neck, and has a difficult clinical diagnosis. Complete removal is curative, although it does not prevent the appearance of new lesions.

Skin manifestations associated with chronic kidney disease are very common. Most of these conditions present in the end stages and may affect the patient's quality of life. Knowledge of these entities can contribute to establishing an accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Severe renal pruritus is associated with increased mortality and a poor prognosis. Nail exploration can provide clues about albumin and urea levels. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is a preventable disease associated with gadolinium contrast. Comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus and secondary hyperparathyroidism, can lead to acquired perforating dermatosis and calciphylaxis, respectively. Effective and innovative treatments are available for all of these conditions., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and AEDV. All rights reserved.)

Introduction and Objectives: Pilomatricoma is the second most common skin tumor in childhood and youth and it has a broad differential diagnosis. The main objective of the present study was to determine the incidence of pilomatricomas in our hospital and to analyze the following variables: patient age and sex, tumor site, symptoms, previous trauma, clinical diagnosis, associated diseases, number of cases of multiple tumors, ultrasound findings, anesthetic and surgical techniques, and postoperative complications., Material and Method: This was a retrospective study of the pilomatricomas surgically excised between January 2004 and December 2012 and registered in the database of the pathology department of our hospital., Results: We found 261 pilomatricomas in 239 patients (120 female and 119 male) between 1 and 83 years of age (mean age, 26.4 years). The most common presentation was as a firm subcutaneous nodule, which was asymptomatic in 82% of cases. Tumors most commonly affected the head and neck (49.81%). Preoperative diagnosis was correct in 54.4% of cases, concomitant diseases were present in 59 cases, and 7 patients reported a history of trauma in the area of the tumor. There were 17 cases of multiple tumors, 1 case in a patient with familial disease and 2 in patients with Steinert disease. Soft-tissue ultrasound was performed on 57 lesions; images were compatible with pilomatricoma in 48 cases. Tumor excision was performed under local anesthesia in 185 cases and under local and general anesthesia in 76. The postoperative complications were hypertrophic scarring and wound dehiscence (1 case each)., Conclusions: This was a retrospective study with the largest series recorded in Spain and with one of the highest incidences. In addition, we report on variables not described in other studies., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier España, S.L.U. y AEDV. All rights reserved.)

Hair and scalp evaluation techniques can be classified into 3 categories: noninvasive methods (clinical history, general examination, inspection and palpation of the hair and scalp, photography, dermoscopy, etc.); semi-invasive methods (the trichogram); and invasive methods (biopsy). In this article, we provide a practical guide on how to evaluate hair and scalp conditions in the dermatology office., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier España, S.L. y AEDV. All rights reserved.)

Trichothiodystrophy comprises a heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive entities. This fact gives rise to different interrelated neuroectodermal disorders. From a structural point of view these features are the result of the low tissue sulfur content. We report a case of trichothiodystrophy initially classified as Tay syndrome that based on clinical features, complementary exams as well as on the disease evolution was labelled as PIBIDS syndrome.

Case Report: A 32-year-old man developed a lesion, over a period of 1 year, at the margin of the right upper eyelid. The presumed diagnosis was a pyogenic granuloma. An excision biopsy was performed and the histopathologic diagnosis was a pilomatrixoma., Discussion: Eyelid pilomatrixoma is commonly misdiagnosed preoperatively and is extremely rare in middle-aged patients.

Purpose: Benign eyelid neoplasms derived from hair follicles are frequently misdiagnosed, including pilomatricoma, trichoepithelioma, trichilemmoma, trichoblastoma and inverted follicular keratosis., Methods: We reviewed 17 tumors seen in the last 9 years, between 1992 and 2002. Excisional biopsy constituted the treatment in all cases., Results: The mean age was 44.5 years (range 13-80 years). Ten were women and 7 men. Pilomatricoma and trichoepithelioma accounted for 76.5% of all neoplasms. All trichoepitheliomas were found as solitary tumors and no patient had a history of familial trichoepithelioma. The remaining neoplasms (23.5%) were trichilemmomas, trichoblastoma and inverted follicular keratosis. No patient recurred locally and there were no malignant transformations after a mean follow-up of 3.1 years. The most frequent hair follicle neoplasms in our series was pilomatricoma (9 cases)., Conclusions: Benign hair follicle neoplasms are rare in the eyelid. Most can simulate a basal cell carcinoma when evaluation is based on clinical evidence alone, and only the pilomatricoma may resemble a benign neoplasm. Thereby they must be excised with free surgical margins. All excised eyelid lesions should be sumitted for histopathologic examination because it is not possible to obtain 100% accuracy in diagnosing eyelid tumors.

Pilomatrixial carcinoma is the malignant variety of pilomatrixoma. It is a malignant lesion, locally aggressive that can reappear, specially if not completely removed. Scanty are the number of cases listed in the literature (2). Although metastases are uncommon one or twice references can be found in the writings (1). We report 2 cases of pilomatrixial carcinoma located in the middle canthal and malar zones, which were treated surgically: excision of the tumor and reconstruction by means of a local rotation flap.

A rare case of pilomatrixomas associated with Steinert's disease is reported. The patient had 14 tumors which were surgically excised and analyzed under the microscope. Such association seems to be much more common than in the general population. Besides these patients usually have multiple tumours and a positive familial history. This suggest a predisposition to the appearance of these tumours.

A case of a upper extremity pilomatrixoma (calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe) clinically confused with a secondary reaction to the dog antigen application presented in a young woman and diagnosed following surgically excised is presented. On cytologic examination, basaloid cells, multinucleated giant cells and deposits of calcium were identified. Adjacent to the basaloid cells were acellular masses suggestive of ghost cells.

Two cases of eruptive vellus hair cysts (EVHC) are reported. In the second case the clinical diagnosis of EVHC was made. The authors believe that the clinical features may permit the clinical diagnosis of EVHC.

A nevus of the hair follicle of the hair scalp is described on a male child, aged three, white race, with curly hair "curly Hair nevus" and an epidermic nevus of the neck epidermis. The hair are thin, fair, disposed in curls with big spire in a number of two or three. They are short, without a 180 degrees torsion on their longitudinal axis. Transversally cut the section is almost circular. The nosology is discussed and the differential diagnosis is tried with the "woolly hair nevus".

Five cases of Woolly hair, three generalised, and two localised are reported. On the first two, we carried out trichogrammes which were studied with polarized light, and on all five, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The data obtained coincided with previous descriptions (Pseudomonilethrix images, Pili torti, Trichorrhexis nodosa, reduced hair diameter, oval section following transversal cut, and a wavy-line disposition), although we emphasize the smaller number of layers of cuticle cells following the transversal cut, and the presence of Trichonodosis, not previously refered.

The hair casts are infrequent condition. There are two distinct groups: idiopathic and secondary. Idiopathic hair casts are described in three girls aged 3, 5 and 13 years. They are cousins, indicating a possible hereditary influence. It's a illness without systemic affection, with pathophysiology yet unknown. It is important to know, overall for differential diagnosis, specially nits. The only treatment is removal of casts by careful and repeated combing.

Two cases with acquired lesions on the face and tendency to spread are reported. The unusual lesions have the appearance between millium and atrophodermia vermiculate and the histology presents features of syringoma and trichoepithelioma making this hamartoma unclassifiable. Cases with similar characteristics are discussed.

A 22-year-old female with two woolly hair nevus of the scalp and a systematized epidermal nevus is reported. This association has been rarely described. Scanning electron microscopy of the woolly hair demonstrates oval and triangular hair shaft sections and longitudinal grooves. The structure of the cuticle was not disturbed.

The vellus eruptive cyst is characterized by the development of multiple papules that are dermal cysts with vellus hair inside them. We present a case and a literature review.

A study is carried out on the alterations produced in the cuticle of women's hair treated regularly for a period of more than 12 years with hair - lighteners, hair - dyes and perms. Assays have also been carried out "in vitro" on the effect of the perms on locks of hair. The scanning electron microscope has been used for observation of the samples.