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Fluid resuscitation is an important way in the treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP). This meta-analysis aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of Lactate Ringer's solution (LR) and Normal Saline (NS) in the treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis. Searched in PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate), Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, China Wanfang, and China VIP database. All randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were identified. Six studies with 431 patients were included. Compared with NS, LR can significantly reduce the incidence of SIRS at 24h, reduce the length of hospitalization, moderate-severe AP, ICU admission and local complications, especially pancreatic necrosis. It is safe and effective to choose LR for fluid resuscitation in AP, but due to the small number of included studies, multi-center and large-sample RCTs are still needed for further verification. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022322788., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To assess the types of maintenance fluids used in our hospital, comparing their volume and composition to the standards recommended by the guidelines., Material and Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study. Volume and type of fluid therapy administered during 24h to patients admitted to various hospital departments were recorded. Patients receiving fluid therapy because of water-electrolyte imbalance were excluded., Results: Out of 198 patients registered, 74 (37.4%) were excluded because they did not meet the criteria for inclusion. Mean administered volume was 2,500cc/day. Mean daily glucose dose was 36g per 24h (SD: 31.4). The most frequent combination included normal saline solution (NSS) and glucose 5% (64.4%). Mean daily dose of sodium and chlorine was, respectively, 173mEq (SD: 74.8) and 168mEq (SD: 75), representing a surplus daily dose of +87.4mEq and +85mEq. Potassium, magnesium and calcium daily deficit was, respectively, -50mEq, -22mEq and -21mEq per day. Buffer administration was exceptional, bicarbonate (2.29%), acetate (1.29%), lactate (1.15%) and gluconate (1.10%) being the buffering agents most frequently used., Conclusion: NNS is the most frequently used solution. In contrast to excess doses of sodium and chlorine, there is a great deficit of other ions, buffering agents and caloric intake in the fluid therapy regimens that are usually prescribed., (Copyright © 2017 Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

In recent years there have been advances in the management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding that have helped reduce rebleeding and mortality. This document positioning of the Catalan Society of Digestologia is an update of evidence-based recommendations on management of gastrointestinal bleeding peptic ulcer., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier España, S.L.U., AEEH y AEG. All rights reserved.)

In recent years, several safety alerts have questioned or restricted the use of some pharmacological alternatives to allogeneic blood transfusion in established indications. In contrast, there seems to be a promotion of other alternatives, based on blood products and/or antifibrinolytic drugs, which lack a solid scientific basis. The Multidisciplinary Autotransfusion Study Group and the Anemia Working Group España convened a multidisciplinary panel of 23 experts belonging to different healthcare areas in a forum for debate to: 1) analyze the different safety alerts referred to certain transfusion alternatives; 2) study the background leading to such alternatives, the evidence supporting them, and their consequences for everyday clinical practice, and 3) issue a weighted statement on the safety of each questioned transfusion alternative, according to its clinical use. The members of the forum maintained telematics contact for the exchange of information and the distribution of tasks, and a joint meeting was held where the conclusions on each of the items examined were presented and discussed. A first version of the document was drafted, and subjected to 4 rounds of review and updating until consensus was reached (unanimously in most cases). We present the final version of the document, approved by all panel members, and hope it will be useful for our colleagues., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and SEMICYUC. All rights reserved.)

Massive haemorrhage is common and often associated with high morbidity and mortality. We perform a systematic review of the literature, with extraction of the recommendations from the existing evidences because of the need for its improvement and the management standardization. From the results we found, we wrote a multidisciplinary consensus document. We begin with the agreement in the definitions of massive haemorrhage and massive transfusion, and we do structured recommendations on their general management (clinical assessment of bleeding, hypothermia management, fluid therapy, hypotensive resuscitation and damage control surgery), blood volume monitoring, blood products transfusion (red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets and their best transfusion ratio), and administration of hemostatic components (prothrombin complex, fibrinogen, factor VIIa, antifibrinolytic agents)., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and SEMICYUC. All rights reserved.)

Fluid resuscitation is essential for the survival of critically ill patients in shock, regardless of the origin of shock. A number of crystalloids and colloids (synthetic and natural) are currently available, and there is strong controversy regarding which type of fluid should be administered and the potential adverse effects associated with the use of these products, especially the development of renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy. Recently, several clinical trials and metaanalyses have suggested the use of hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) to be associated with an increased risk of death and kidney failure, and data have been obtained showing clinical benefit with the use of crystalloids that contain a lesser concentration of sodium and chlorine than normal saline. This new information has increased uncertainty among clinicians regarding which type of fluid should be used. We therefore have conducted a review of the literature with a view to developing practical recommendations on the use of fluids in the resuscitation phase in critically ill adults., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and SEMICYUC. All rights reserved.)

Background: treatment of severe preeclampsia (SP) includes administration of crystalloid solutions to expand plasma circulating volume. Our objective was to compare the effects of two schemes of crystalloid solutions on glycemia in patients with SP., Methods: cross-sectional study with two groups of patients: group A (123 patients) received a 10 % glucose solution and group B (146 patients) received Ringer lactate solution. We compared glycemia, endogenous creatinine clearance (ECrCl), frequency of urinary tract infection (UTI) and length of hospital stay. Student t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used., Results: final glycemia of group A was higher than group B (168.27 ± 70.85 adversus 94.20 ± 26.63, p = 0.009). No differences were shown in ECrCl (group A 99.26 ± 30.67 adversus group B, p = 0.14) or in UTI [group A 21.95 % (27 cases) adversus group B 18.48 % (27 cases) (p = 0.43)]. Length of hospital stay was different (group A 2.2 ± 1.79 adversus group B 2.67 ± 1.78 days, p = 0.03)., Conclusions: patients receiving a 10 % glucose solution presented significant hyperglycemia but not in the group receiving Ringer lactate solution.

Bleeding that requires massive blood transfusion is one of the main causes of cardiac arrest and death in the operating room. Its mortality varies widely between 15 and 54%, and it is strongly related to multiple factors such as acidosis, hypothermia and hypocoagulation. We undertook this study to describe the mechanisms that perpetuate bleeding during massive hemorrhage and the particular issues under the different clinical conditions of controlled and uncontrolled tissue damage. Laboratory tests for coagulation status diagnosis as well as treatment guidelines for usage of different fluid replacement solutions and hemoderivatives are described. A well-established response plan is needed by the surgical team and the blood bank in order to quickly facilitate blood products to the patient. Measures to avoid hypothermia and availability of rapid infusion systems are also necessary.

Physiologic balance between fluids and electrolytes should remain stable during the perioperative period. Gaps in our understanding of how this balance is maintained has given rise to inappropriate management practices. Both failure to replace lost fluids and the infusion of excessive amounts can lead to serious consequences for the patient. There is currently renewed interest in studying the best use of fluids and/or blood products during and after surgery. This update of perioperative fluid therapy is based on a review of indexed literature retrieved by means of a PubMed search for the period of January 1999 through December 2009.

A 66-year-old man with a metallic valve and under treatment with acenocoumarol developed hypovolemic shock after rupture of a splenic artery pseudoaneurysm. We managed to reverse anticoagulation within 60 minutes by administering 20 mg of vitamin K and 4.8 mg of activated recombinant factor VII. No thromboembolic adverse events were observed. We discuss the pharmacologic effects of coumarin derivatives and their antagonists, as well as the use of activated factor VII in the reversal of anticoagulation by these drugs.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of prehydration with hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (Voluven) compared to lactated Ringer solution in laparoscopic cholecystectomy., Patients and Methods: We performed a randomized single-blind clinical trial on patients classified as ASA 1 and 2. The exclusion criteria were hypertension, kidney failure, treatment with diuretics or other antihypertensive drugs, diabetes, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Balanced general anesthesia with remifentanil and sevoflurane was used. The total volume of administered fluids (including prehydration) was 2 mL x kg(-1) x h(-1) fasting plus 5 mL x kg(-1) x h(-1) during surgery. Group 1 was prehydrated 30 minutes before surgery with 500 mL of lactated Ringer solution in group 1; in group 2 the same quantity of Voluven was used. Ringer solution was used in both groups to provide additional fluids. Blood pressure was kept within 20% above or below baseline values. Standard anesthetic monitoring was performed. Intraoperative diuresis and creatinine clearance were recorded. The groups were compared using the t test; a P value of 05 or less was considered significant., Results: Twenty-nine patients were enrolled in the study. Diuresis and creatinine clearance were significantly higher in the group that received prehydration with Voluven. The mean (SD) creatinine clearance rate was 176.44 (1433) mL x min(-1) in group 1 and 61.90 (6.6) mL x min(-1) in group 2 (P = .036). The mean volume of urine excreted was 1.71 (0.06) mL x kg(-1) x h(-1) in group 1 and 0.47 (0.02) mL x kg(-1) x h(-1) in group 2 (P = .017)., Conclusion: Prehydration with Voluven can be an effective measure for protecting renal function against the adverse effects of pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery.

Background: Hemorrhagic shock (HS) results in oxidative stress to cells and in the induction of the inflammatory response, with an increased expression of a number of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines. We tested the ability of the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (NP) to reduce tissue injury in a rodent model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock., Methods: Seventy two Sprague Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were subjected to a model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock. Four groups of animals were included (n = 18 per group): sham/saline, sham/NP, shock/saline, shock/NP. Experimental design consisted of the development of hemorrhagic shock (3 ml/100 g) in a 15-min period, tail amputation (75%) and drug administration at 30 min, fluid resuscitation (FR) with Ringer's lactate (RL) solution to reach a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mmHg, a hospital phase of 60 min with hemostasis and FR with LR solution to reach a MAP of 70 mmHg, and a 3-day observation phase. Treatment at the beginning of resuscitation included either normal saline (groups 1, 3) or NP (0.5 mg/kg) (groups 2, 4). The following parameters were evaluated: fluid requirements for resuscitation, liver injury tests, liver tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO), liver histology, and 3-day survival., Results: NP significantly reduced fluid requirements for resuscitation (p = 0.0001). We also observed an improved statistically significant difference in tests demonstrating hepatic injury (p = 0.0001), neutrophil infiltration as evidences by liver MPO (p <0.05), and histology studies (p = 0.001). Survival was also increased from 40% in controls to 60% with NP treatment., Conclusions: These data suggest that excess NO mediates hemorrhage-induced liver injury, and that the suppression of NO with NP may reduce the pathological consequences of severe hemorrhage, possibly by scavenging superoxide (O(2)(-)), thus limiting the production of more aggressive radicals.

Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical syndrome characterized by the breakdown and later necrosis of skeletal muscle, leading to the release of various intracellular components into the blood stream. The clinical expression of rhabdomyolysis ranges from asymptomatic to severe forms involving multiorgan failure with electrolyte imbalance, respiratory distress syndrome, acute renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Diagnosis is based on a finding of elevated serum levels of components that are normally found within the muscle cell, chiefly muscle enzymes and myoglobin. Acute kidney failure, one of the main consequences of rhabdomyolysis, occurs in 4% to 33% of cases. Treatment requires prompt volume replacement with crystalloids. In spite of successful resuscitation and prophylaxis against myoglobulin-induced renal failure, 1 out of every 3 patients develops kidney damage and requires continuous replacement therapy.

Electronic database Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Lilacs were used to retrieve the clinical trials that will evaluate the various therapeutical options available for management of hemorrhagic dengue. Eight clinical studies were included. Supportive care and symptomatic treatment through hydration and aggressive fluid management, if hypotension develops in the course of disease, are the most important aids to improve survival. Treatment with corticosteroids such as methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, carbazochorome sodium sulfonate (AC-17) and recombinant activated factor VII did not reduce mortality in children with hemorrhagic dengue. At present, no vaccine or effective antiviral treatment is available for the prevention or treatment of hemorrhagic dengue.

The Consensus Document on Alternatives to Allogenic Blood Transfusion (AABT) has been drawn up by a panel of experts from 5 scientific societies. The Spanish Societies of Anesthesiology (SEDAR), Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC), Hematology and Hemotherapy (AEHH), Blood Transfusion (SETS) and Thrombosis and Hemostasis (SETH) have sponsored and participated in this Consensus Document. Alternatives to blood transfusion have been divided into pharmacological and non-pharmacological, with 4 modules and 12 topics. The main objective variable was the reduction of allogenic blood transfusions and/or the number of transfused patients. The extent to which this objective was achieved by each AABT was evaluated using the Delphi method, which classifies the grade of recommendation from A (supported by controlled studies) to E (non-controlled studies and expert opinion). The experts concluded that most of the indications for AABT were based on middle or low grades of recommendation, "C", "D", or "E", thus indicating the need for further controlled studies.