Search

This factsheet provides information about the history of soil testing calibrations and justification for recommending extraction of soil nutrients using Mehlich-3 for calcareous soils in Miami-Dade County. The dominant soils from this County have an extraordinarily high concentration of calcium resulting in high pH. This document also includes UF/IFAS approved Mehlich-3 extractant-based testing interpretations and recommendations for these soils. The purpose of this publication is to elucidate an appropriate approach for analyzing the unique calcareous soils from Miami-Dade County for plant available nutrients. The target audiences are Extension agents, agronomists at soil testing laboratories, crop advisors, growers, representatives of the state and local agencies, and others concerned about soil testing and plant analysis in Miami-Dade County.

This factsheet provides information about the history of soil testing calibrations and justification for recommending extraction of soil nutrients using Mehlich-3 for calcareous soils in Miami-Dade County. The dominant soils from this County have an extraordinarily high concentration of calcium resulting in high pH. This document also includes UF/IFAS approved Mehlich-3 extractant-based testing interpretations and recommendations for these soils. The purpose of this publication is to elucidate an appropriate approach for analyzing the unique calcareous soils from Miami-Dade County for plant available nutrients. The target audiences are Extension agents, agronomists at soil testing laboratories, crop advisors, growers, representatives of the state and local agencies, and others concerned about soil testing and plant analysis in Miami-Dade County.

This article is to review current citrus UF/IFAS fertilizer recommendations and provide updated information on recently approved recommendations on secondary macronutrients and micronutrients. Citrus growers have been very concerned with fertilizer applications and nutrient management since citrus greening (Huanglongbing, HLB) entered Florida. Lately, citrus growers have become more concerned with nutrient management in the past couple years because of increased inspections and scrutiny of grower adherence to best management practices (BMPs). Unfortunately, HLB has resulted in reduced citrus yields the past 17 years and no cure has been developed but nutrient management appears to be one key tool box for maintaining tree production until that silver bullet is found. The UF/IFAS committee that approves fertilizer recommendations recently approved the increase of micronutrient and secondary macronutrients based on research results. These improved and revised recommendations will appear in the 2023 Citrus Production Guide. Currently research on fertilizer application rates of N and P are continuing with the goal of improving UF/IFAS recommendations for HLB-affected trees.

The purpose of this publication is to inform Extension agents, consultants, and farmers about plant essential nutrients, benefits, and deficiency symptoms. This publication provides a whole plant picture with deficiency symptoms for each nutrient and the location of those symptoms on the plant. Written by Lakesh K. Sharma, J. Mabry McCray, and Kelly Morgan, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, May 2022.

The purpose of this publication is to inform Extension agents, consultants, and farmers about plant essential nutrients, benefits, and deficiency symptoms. This publication provides a whole plant picture with deficiency symptoms for each nutrient and the location of those symptoms on the plant. Written by Lakesh K. Sharma, J. Mabry McCray, and Kelly Morgan, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, May 2022.

None

Citrus production in Florida has been decreasing over the last 15 years due to several factors, with huanglongbing (HLB) being a major driver. This disease has severe effects on citrus growth and production, including stunted vegetative growth, misshapen small fruits and poor color development, root mortality, stunted branches, excessive fruit drop, severe leaf defoliation and finally plant mortality. Nutrition plays an important role in plant defense mechanisms against multiple pests and diseases, as well-fertilized plants are less susceptible than nutrient-deficient ones. Recent evidence suggests that HLB symptoms in citrus can be reduced with a balanced nutritional program, including improved irrigation, fertigation, and nutrient management. Thus, until commercially available resistant citrus varieties or long-term chemical solutions are developed, limiting the effects of HLB by focusing on nutrient management can help keep commercial growers in production. In this paper we highlight results of the research conducted on the Ridge and Flatwoods sites to evaluate the effect of macronutrient and micronutrient fertilization on fruit yield, juice quality and root health.

This article is part of a series on ET-based irrigation scheduling for agriculture. The rest of the series can be found at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/topic_series_ET-based_irrigation_scheduling_for_agriculture.

This article is part of a series on ET-based irrigation scheduling for agriculture. The rest of the series can be found at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/topic_series_ET-based_irrigation_scheduling_for_agriculture.

This article is part of a series on ET-based irrigation scheduling for agriculture. The rest of the series can be found at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/topic_series_ET-based_irrigation_scheduling_for_agriculture.

To achieve optimal grove nutrition, citrus growers must test grove soil before beginning any fertilization program. Standard procedures for sampling, preparing, and analyzing soil should be followed for meaningful interpretations of the test results and accurate recommendations. This new two-page fact sheet, published by the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences, provides illustrated soil sampling procedures and tables to aid in basic interpretation of lab results. Written by Davie Kadyampakeni, Kelly Morgan, Arnold Schumann, and Rhuanito S. Ferrarezi. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss667

To achieve optimal grove nutrition, citrus growers must test grove soil before beginning any fertilization program. Standard procedures for sampling, preparing, and analyzing soil should be followed for meaningful interpretations of the test results and accurate recommendations. This new two-page fact sheet, published by the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences, provides illustrated soil sampling procedures and tables to aid in basic interpretation of lab results. Written by Davie Kadyampakeni, Kelly Morgan, Arnold Schumann, and Rhuanito S. Ferrarezi. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss667

To achieve optimal grove nutrition, citrus growers must test grove soil before beginning any fertilization program. Standard procedures for sampling, preparing, and analyzing soil should be followed for meaningful interpretations of the test results and accurate recommendations. This new two-page fact sheet, published by the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences, provides illustrated soil sampling procedures and tables to aid in basic interpretation of lab results. Written by Davie Kadyampakeni, Kelly Morgan, Arnold Schumann, and Rhuanito S. Ferrarezi. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss667

The Indian River District is the world’s premier grapefruit producer due to unique weather and soil conditions. The region allows the production of juicy and colorful fruit with thin rind that have been an export delicacy for many years. However, destructive weather events and the Huanglongbing (HLB) disease are devastating the grapefruit citrus industry since 2004. HLB-affected citrus trees show severe leaf nutrient deficiencies such as Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn that are clear symptoms of inadequate nutrition. That is a direct result of the disease effects on plant physiology and reduction in root volume, affecting nutrient uptake since HLB causes loss of fibrous roots and reduces micronutrient absorption from the soil. It is well known that small doses and frequent application (also termed spoon-feeding) of liquid or controlled release fertilizer (CRF) result in higher yield in sweet orange. HLB-affected citrus trees have smaller canopy volumes and lower fruit yield. Despite the reduced productivity, growers had increased production costs to control the insect vector and the bacteria causing the disease. The lower yield per tree and the increase in production costs have influenced grower decisions to increase tree density to get early returns on investment and stay in business. In the Indian River District, a region well known for poorly drained soils with low water and nutrient holding capacities, grapefruit is cultivated in raised beds due to the higher water table. Adjusting density in single-row plantings is challenging because it would requiring changing the raised bed width, increasing the production costs quite drastically. Staggered planting in diamond set is a potential solution for those limitations. There is limited information available about the effects of tree spacing and CRF on grapefruit tree health, fruit yield and fruit quality. This article describes the responses of 1) soil application of different fertilizers and 2) use of increased tree planting spacing for higher fruit yield and fruit quality. Tree growth, nutrient content and fruit size were also measured but not reported.

Maintaining the correct soil pH is essential to ensure optimal plant growth and crop yield. This new two-page document is an instructional sheet for citrus soil pH testing, written by Kelly Morgan and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss665

Management of both soil pH and nutrients is required to maintain soil fertility levels and ensure economic agricultural production. Maintaining soil in the 6.0-6.5 pH range is best for most crops including citrus. This new two-page publication of the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences, written by Kelly Morgan, explains the effects of soil pH on citrus as well as options for management. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss666

Maintaining the correct soil pH is essential to ensure optimal plant growth and crop yield. This new two-page document is an instructional sheet for citrus soil pH testing, written by Kelly Morgan and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss665

Management of both soil pH and nutrients is required to maintain soil fertility levels and ensure economic agricultural production. Maintaining soil in the 6.0-6.5 pH range is best for most crops including citrus. This new two-page publication of the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences, written by Kelly Morgan, explains the effects of soil pH on citrus as well as options for management. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss666

Maintaining the correct soil pH is essential to ensure optimal plant growth and crop yield. This new two-page document is an instructional sheet for citrus soil pH testing, written by Kelly Morgan and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss665

Management of both soil pH and nutrients is required to maintain soil fertility levels and ensure economic agricultural production. Maintaining soil in the 6.0-6.5 pH range is best for most crops including citrus. This new two-page publication of the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences, written by Kelly Morgan, explains the effects of soil pH on citrus as well as options for management. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss666

In this article we provided updates on research efforts to improve the nutrition of HLB-affected Florida citrus by revising the diagnostic critical threshold concentrations of nutrients in leaf tissue. We also revisited the DRIS method for improving diagnosis of multiple nutrient deficiencies that are common in HLB-affected groves, including K, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, B, and Cu. Additional leaf nutrient data will be obtained for an expanded survey, to be analyzed and corroborated with results of recently completed micronutrient fertilization experiments.

Huanglongbing (HLB), greening, and yellow shoot are names for the most devastating citrus disease in the world. Symptoms of HLB include a distinctive chlorotic mottle on fully expanded leaves. Infected shoots are stunted and branches gradually die back as the symptoms appear in other sectors of the tree canopy. HLB reduces fruit size, weight, and other fruit quality variables, such as total soluble solids (TSS) content, acidity, and TSS/acidity ratio. In Florida, HLB incidence is approaching 100% infected trees except in groves less than 5 years old. The Florida orange forecast, at 72.0 million boxes, is down 12 percent from last season's final utilization, the lowest in the modern history of the citrus industry. Yield is most obviously reduced by fruit drop and small fruit size caused by infection of fibrous roots by the phloem-associated bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las). Our research established that fruit drop depends on loss of fibrous roots responsible for water and nutrient uptake. This article will update our latest findings regarding management practices that are most important to sustain root health in Florida citrus groves.

None required

There is an urgent need for strategies to sustain production of citrus trees affected by HLB without depletion to our water resources. Understanding the role of evapotranspiration (ET) in Huanglongbing (HLB) affected trees is critical for determining if changes in water management of commercial citrus orchards are necessary. Water use with sensors and model simulation reduced average monthly water use by approximately 11 to 18% for an average savings of approximately 14% from the conventional irrigation practice. Fruit yields for all three irrigation schedules were not significantly different in 2012/2013 or 2013/2014 and were similar to the initial year. A study was conducted at the SWFREC using lysimeters filled with Immokalee fine sand. Hamlin and Valencia on Carrizo trees were planted in twelve weighing lysimeters of each variety (6-HLB infected and 6-non-infected trees) for a total of 24 lysimeters to determine daily tree water use. Results from the two year study showed significant reduction in water use of approximately 25% for infected trees when compared to non-infected ones. Mature orange trees located in three commercial groves at Avon Park, Arcadia, and Immokalee were irrigated for two years with three irrigation regimes including daily, IFAS recommendation, and intermediate irrigation schedules. There was significant difference in tree leaf densities as affected by irrigation scheduling, resulting in greater measured leaf area with daily and intermediate irrigation schedules than trees with IFAS recommended irrigation schedules. Higher leaf densities were at least partially responsible for significantly less leaf drop for the daily irrigation treatment for all sites in 2014. Although adoption of more frequent, lower water amount irrigation schedules produced a clear improvement in water uptake at the three sites, improvement in canopy density and yield did not occur until the second year, and although yields were higher in the second year for the more frequent irrigation schedule they were only significantly greater at one site.

Irrigation studies in Florida have shown significant water savings for many agricultural crops with improved irrigation methods. Recent citrus irrigation indicate that adequate supply of irrigation water for optimal citrus production of HLB affected trees requires more intensive management of more frequent irrigation but not more water. Weather data and a weather-based equation is used to predict crop water use or evapotranspiration (ET). This estimated ET is used in a simple water balance equation to determine irrigation timing and amounts.Mobile smart devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets) have become commonplace in society because of their convenience and ease of use making them ideal for disseminating information on a regular basis with real-time data. The Citrus SmartIrrigation irrigation schedule provided by the app is based on user inputs and site specific weather data, from the closest Florida Automated Weather Network (FAWN; http://fawn.ifas.uf.edu) weather. evaluation projects at commercial sites indicate a significant water savings of 11 to 24 percent annually.

Fertilization plays a critical role in tomato production across the state of Florida. However, appropriate fertilization management depends on four major components (4Rs): right source, right rate, right placement, and right timing. Farming practices that follow the 4Rs can provide nutrients for optimal tomato productivity while minimizing the risk of nutrient losses and adverse environmental effects, both of which are important to the development of agricultural sustainability. This 6-page fact sheet discusses the 4Rs as well as conventional dry source fertilizers, controlled-release or slow-release source fertilizers, and liquid source fertilizers. Written by Qingren Wang, Guodong Liu, Kelly Morgan, and Yuncong Li, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, October 2015. HS1269/HS1269: Implementing the Four Rs (4Rs) in Nutrient Stewardship for Tomato Production (ufl.edu)

Fertilization plays a critical role in tomato production across the state of Florida. However, appropriate fertilization management depends on four major components (4Rs): right source, right rate, right placement, and right timing. Farming practices that follow the 4Rs can provide nutrients for optimal tomato productivity while minimizing the risk of nutrient losses and adverse environmental effects, both of which are important to the development of agricultural sustainability. This 6-page fact sheet discusses the 4Rs as well as conventional dry source fertilizers, controlled-release or slow-release source fertilizers, and liquid source fertilizers. Written by Qingren Wang, Guodong Liu, Kelly Morgan, and Yuncong Li, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, October 2015. HS1269/HS1269: Implementing the Four Rs (4Rs) in Nutrient Stewardship for Tomato Production (ufl.edu)

Fertilization plays a critical role in tomato production across the state of Florida. However, appropriate fertilization management depends on four major components (4Rs): right source, right rate, right placement, and right timing. Farming practices that follow the 4Rs can provide nutrients for optimal tomato productivity while minimizing the risk of nutrient losses and adverse environmental effects, both of which are important to the development of agricultural sustainability. This 6-page fact sheet discusses the 4Rs as well as conventional dry source fertilizers, controlled-release or slow-release source fertilizers, and liquid source fertilizers. Written by Qingren Wang, Guodong Liu, Kelly Morgan, and Yuncong Li, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, October 2015. HS1269/HS1269: Implementing the Four Rs (4Rs) in Nutrient Stewardship for Tomato Production (ufl.edu)

A new and innovative approach to Best Management Practices for fertilizer application known as 4R nutrient stewardship is available, to ensure the environmental, social, and economical sustainability of commercial crop production. This 3-page fact sheet focuses on the basic concepts of the 4R nutrient stewardship principles for commercial crop production. Written by Guodong Liu, Kelly Morgan, Yuncong Li, Lincoln Zotarelli, James DeValerio, and Qingren Wang, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, July 2015. HS1264/HS1264: What is 4R nutrient stewardship? (ufl.edu)

A new and innovative approach to Best Management Practices for fertilizer application known as 4R nutrient stewardship is available, to ensure the environmental, social, and economical sustainability of commercial crop production. This 3-page fact sheet focuses on the basic concepts of the 4R nutrient stewardship principles for commercial crop production. Written by Guodong Liu, Kelly Morgan, Yuncong Li, Lincoln Zotarelli, James DeValerio, and Qingren Wang, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, July 2015. HS1264/HS1264: What is 4R nutrient stewardship? (ufl.edu)

A new and innovative approach to Best Management Practices for fertilizer application known as 4R nutrient stewardship is available, to ensure the environmental, social, and economical sustainability of commercial crop production. This 3-page fact sheet focuses on the basic concepts of the 4R nutrient stewardship principles for commercial crop production. Written by Guodong Liu, Kelly Morgan, Yuncong Li, Lincoln Zotarelli, James DeValerio, and Qingren Wang, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, July 2015. HS1264/HS1264: What is 4R nutrient stewardship? (ufl.edu)

The production systems for sugarcane include either green cane or burnt cane harvesting operations. Sugarcane in Florida is typically harvested with burnt cane mechanical harvesting, but there is a growing interest to better understand the effects of green cane harvest residue “trash blankets” on microclimate conditions for sugarcane growing on both organic and mineral soils of Florida, so the authors conducted a three-year study to determine the effects of each harvest method on microclimate within the surface soil profile and at a 10 cm height from the soil surface. Results are presented in this 3-page fact sheet written by Hardev Sandhu, Maninder Singh, Robert Gilbert, Kelly Morgan, Ronald Rice, Leslie Baucum, James Shine Jr., and Mike Irey, and published by the UF Department of Agronomy, April 2015. (UF/IFAS Photo: Josh Wickham.) SS-AGR-385/SC100: Effects of Harvest Method on Microclimate in Florida Sugarcane (ufl.edu)

The production systems for sugarcane include either green cane or burnt cane harvesting operations. Sugarcane in Florida is typically harvested with burnt cane mechanical harvesting, but there is a growing interest to better understand the effects of green cane harvest residue “trash blankets” on microclimate conditions for sugarcane growing on both organic and mineral soils of Florida, so the authors conducted a three-year study to determine the effects of each harvest method on microclimate within the surface soil profile and at a 10 cm height from the soil surface. Results are presented in this 3-page fact sheet written by Hardev Sandhu, Maninder Singh, Robert Gilbert, Kelly Morgan, Ronald Rice, Leslie Baucum, James Shine Jr., and Mike Irey, and published by the UF Department of Agronomy, April 2015. (UF/IFAS Photo: Josh Wickham.) SS-AGR-385/SC100: Effects of Harvest Method on Microclimate in Florida Sugarcane (ufl.edu)

The production systems for sugarcane include either green cane or burnt cane harvesting operations. Sugarcane in Florida is typically harvested with burnt cane mechanical harvesting, but there is a growing interest to better understand the effects of green cane harvest residue “trash blankets” on microclimate conditions for sugarcane growing on both organic and mineral soils of Florida, so the authors conducted a three-year study to determine the effects of each harvest method on microclimate within the surface soil profile and at a 10 cm height from the soil surface. Results are presented in this 3-page fact sheet written by Hardev Sandhu, Maninder Singh, Robert Gilbert, Kelly Morgan, Ronald Rice, Leslie Baucum, James Shine Jr., and Mike Irey, and published by the UF Department of Agronomy, April 2015. (UF/IFAS Photo: Josh Wickham.) SS-AGR-385/SC100: Effects of Harvest Method on Microclimate in Florida Sugarcane (ufl.edu)

Several economic factors should be considered in selecting an agricultural irrigation system. This 7-page fact sheet compares two widely used irrigation systems for tomato production: seepage and sub-surface drip irrigation. Written by Jenna Rogers, Tatiana Borisova, Jeffrey Ullman, Kelly Morgan, Lincoln Zotarelli, and Kelly Grogan, and published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, October 2014. (UF/IFAS Photo: Tyler Jones)

Several economic factors should be considered in selecting an agricultural irrigation system. This 7-page fact sheet compares two widely used irrigation systems for tomato production: seepage and sub-surface drip irrigation. Written by Jenna Rogers, Tatiana Borisova, Jeffrey Ullman, Kelly Morgan, Lincoln Zotarelli, and Kelly Grogan, and published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, October 2014. (UF/IFAS Photo: Tyler Jones)

Several economic factors should be considered in selecting an agricultural irrigation system. This 7-page fact sheet compares two widely used irrigation systems for tomato production: seepage and sub-surface drip irrigation. Written by Jenna Rogers, Tatiana Borisova, Jeffrey Ullman, Kelly Morgan, Lincoln Zotarelli, and Kelly Grogan, and published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, October 2014. (UF/IFAS Photo: Tyler Jones)

The goal of this 11-page fact sheet is to help producers and other interested parties understand how alternative irrigation systems can affect economic outcomes in agricultural operations. We used chipping potato production in the Hastings area in northeast Florida as an example to discuss factors to consider when selecting an irrigation system. Written by Jenna Rogers, Tatiana Borisova, Lincoln Zotarelli, Kelly Grogan, Jeffrey Ullman, Jessica Bertine, and Kelly Morgan, and published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, September 2014.

Soil testing is a multistep process starting with the collection of a sample that adequately represents the area or field to be tested. Due to wide-ranging soil conditions across Florida and the United States, multiple soil test methods exist. During the 1970s, Florida along with several other southeastern US states adopted Mehlich-1 (M1) as the official extractant for acidic soils. The UF/IFAS Plant Nutrient Oversight Committee approved the change from M1 to M3 in 2010. Based on observations of the interpretations, the technical committee revised the M3 interpretation in March 2014. The new interpretations have been correlated with the M1 interpretations, as closely and realistically as possible, so the actual nutrient recommendations are not changed. This 7-page fact sheet was written by Rao Mylavarapu, Tom Obreza, Kelly Morgan, George Hochmuth, Vimala Nair, and Alan Wright, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, May 2014. SL407/SS620: Extraction of Soil Nutrients Using Mehlich-3 Reagent for Acid-Mineral Soils of Florida (ufl.edu)

Soil testing is a multistep process starting with the collection of a sample that adequately represents the area or field to be tested. Due to wide-ranging soil conditions across Florida and the United States, multiple soil test methods exist. During the 1970s, Florida along with several other southeastern US states adopted Mehlich-1 (M1) as the official extractant for acidic soils. The UF/IFAS Plant Nutrient Oversight Committee approved the change from M1 to M3 in 2010. Based on observations of the interpretations, the technical committee revised the M3 interpretation in March 2014. The new interpretations have been correlated with the M1 interpretations, as closely and realistically as possible, so the actual nutrient recommendations are not changed. This 7-page fact sheet was written by Rao Mylavarapu, Tom Obreza, Kelly Morgan, George Hochmuth, Vimala Nair, and Alan Wright, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, May 2014. SL407/SS620: Extraction of Soil Nutrients Using Mehlich-3 Reagent for Acid-Mineral Soils of Florida (ufl.edu)

The goal of this 11-page fact sheet is to help producers and other interested parties understand how alternative irrigation systems can affect economic outcomes in agricultural operations. We used chipping potato production in the Hastings area in northeast Florida as an example to discuss factors to consider when selecting an irrigation system. Written by Jenna Rogers, Tatiana Borisova, Lincoln Zotarelli, Kelly Grogan, Jeffrey Ullman, Jessica Bertine, and Kelly Morgan, and published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, September 2014.

The goal of this 11-page fact sheet is to help producers and other interested parties understand how alternative irrigation systems can affect economic outcomes in agricultural operations. We used chipping potato production in the Hastings area in northeast Florida as an example to discuss factors to consider when selecting an irrigation system. Written by Jenna Rogers, Tatiana Borisova, Lincoln Zotarelli, Kelly Grogan, Jeffrey Ullman, Jessica Bertine, and Kelly Morgan, and published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, September 2014.

Soil testing is a multistep process starting with the collection of a sample that adequately represents the area or field to be tested. Due to wide-ranging soil conditions across Florida and the United States, multiple soil test methods exist. During the 1970s, Florida along with several other southeastern US states adopted Mehlich-1 (M1) as the official extractant for acidic soils. The UF/IFAS Plant Nutrient Oversight Committee approved the change from M1 to M3 in 2010. Based on observations of the interpretations, the technical committee revised the M3 interpretation in March 2014. The new interpretations have been correlated with the M1 interpretations, as closely and realistically as possible, so the actual nutrient recommendations are not changed. This 7-page fact sheet was written by Rao Mylavarapu, Tom Obreza, Kelly Morgan, George Hochmuth, Vimala Nair, and Alan Wright, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, May 2014. SL407/SS620: Extraction of Soil Nutrients Using Mehlich-3 Reagent for Acid-Mineral Soils of Florida (ufl.edu)

Biochar, also known as black carbon, is a product derived from organic materials rich in carbon and is found in soils in very stable solid forms, often as deposits. In recent years, considerable research has focused on biochar, its nature, and its properties to explore its potential benefits and negative impacts, particularly for applying to agricultural fields as amendments. This publication provides a general description of biochar, as well as technical details, benefits, and disadvantages of biochar for agricultural and environmental uses. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Rao Mylavarapu, Vimala Nair, and Kelly Morgan, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, August 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss585

Biochar, also known as black carbon, is a product derived from organic materials rich in carbon and is found in soils in very stable solid forms, often as deposits. In recent years, considerable research has focused on biochar, its nature, and its properties to explore its potential benefits and negative impacts, particularly for applying to agricultural fields as amendments. This publication provides a general description of biochar, as well as technical details, benefits, and disadvantages of biochar for agricultural and environmental uses. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Rao Mylavarapu, Vimala Nair, and Kelly Morgan, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, August 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss585

Biochar, also known as black carbon, is a product derived from organic materials rich in carbon and is found in soils in very stable solid forms, often as deposits. In recent years, considerable research has focused on biochar, its nature, and its properties to explore its potential benefits and negative impacts, particularly for applying to agricultural fields as amendments. This publication provides a general description of biochar, as well as technical details, benefits, and disadvantages of biochar for agricultural and environmental uses. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Rao Mylavarapu, Vimala Nair, and Kelly Morgan, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, August 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss585

AE455, a 4-page fact sheet by Isaya Kisekka, Kati W. Migliaccio, Michael D. Dukes, Bruce Schaffer, Jonathan H. Crane, and Kelly Morgan, lists some of the public sources of ETo data for irrigation scheduling in Florida. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, January 2010. AE455/AE455: Evapotranspiration-Based Irrigation for Agriculture: Sources of Evapotranspiration Data for Irrigation Scheduling in Florida (ufl.edu)

AE455, a 4-page fact sheet by Isaya Kisekka, Kati W. Migliaccio, Michael D. Dukes, Bruce Schaffer, Jonathan H. Crane, and Kelly Morgan, lists some of the public sources of ETo data for irrigation scheduling in Florida. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, January 2010. AE455/AE455: Evapotranspiration-Based Irrigation for Agriculture: Sources of Evapotranspiration Data for Irrigation Scheduling in Florida (ufl.edu)

AE455, a 4-page fact sheet by Isaya Kisekka, Kati W. Migliaccio, Michael D. Dukes, Bruce Schaffer, Jonathan H. Crane, and Kelly Morgan, lists some of the public sources of ETo data for irrigation scheduling in Florida. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, January 2010. AE455/AE455: Evapotranspiration-Based Irrigation for Agriculture: Sources of Evapotranspiration Data for Irrigation Scheduling in Florida (ufl.edu)

SL-296, an 8-page illustrated fact sheet by John L. Jackson, Kelly Morgan, and William R. Lusher, provides an overview of the water saving tools that are available to citrus growers on the FAWN Web site — the Cold Protection Toolkit and the citrus microsprinkler irrigation scheduler. Published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Sciences, September 2009. SL 296/SS509: Citrus Cold Weather Protection and Irrigation Scheduling Tools Using Florida Automated Weather Network (FAWN) Data (ufl.edu)