Search

Resumen Introducción: Debido a su eficacia en el tratamiento de la obesidad mórbida, el bypass gástrico (BPG) sigue siendo una intervención realizada frecuentemente. Sin embargo, un grupo reducido de pacientes puede desarrollar complicaciones nutricionales y metabólicas que no logran controlarse con un tratamiento médico óptimo. En estos casos, puede ser necesario reestablecer la continuidad del tracto gastrointestinal por medio de la reversión del BPG (R-BPG). Objetivo: Presentar las indicaciones y resultados obtenidos en una serie de pacientes sometidos a una R-BPG. Materiales y Método: Identificación y evaluación retrospectiva de todos los pacientes sometidos a una R-BPG en nuestra institución de manera consecutiva. Se registraron las características demográficas y antropométricas de la cirugía original y al momento de la reversión. Las complicaciones se registraron de acuerdo con la clasificación de Clavien-Dindo. Resultados: Se identificaron 7 pacientes en los cuales se realizó una R-BPG. En 2 casos la reversión fue por síndrome de intestino corto, en 3 casos por hipoglicemias severas refractarias a manejo médico y en 2 casos por diarrea crónica. La mediana de edad al momento de la reversión fue de 55 años. La mediana de tiempo desde la cirugía original hasta el momento de la reversión fue de 77 meses. La mediana de estadía hospitalaria fue de 6 días. No hubo complicaciones Clavien-Dindo ≥ III. La R-BPG logró revertir en todos los casos las complicaciones nutricionales y metabólicas. Conclusión: La restauración de la continuidad del tracto gastrointestinal permite el control de las complicaciones nutricionales y metabólicas.

Background: Exclusive involvement of the colon or rectum in Crohn's disease, called Crohn's colitis, (CC) occurs in about 25% of these patients. Aim: To analyze early surgical results and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for CC. Material and Methods: Review of a prospective database, identifying patients with Crohn's disease operated between 2003 and 2015 and excluding those with ileocecal disease. We analyzed demographic data, pre and postoperative pharmacological treatment, operations, morbidity and the need for a second bowel resection at follow-up. Results: We reviewed data from 28 patients aged 17 to 72 years (15 men). Twenty-seven (96.4%) had previous pharmacological treatment, 11 received monoclonal antibodies. The most common indications for surgical treatment were failure of medical treatment in 15 cases, acute severe colitis in 12 and anemia/malnutrition in eight. Total colectomy was performed in 17 (61%) patients, proctocolectomy in 8 (29%) and segmental colectomies in 3 (11%). Sixteen (57%) were operated laparoscopically. Major postoperative complications were observed in 5 (18%). Four needed a reintervention. There was no operative mortality. During a 55 months median follow-up of 27 patients, seven (26%) required a second bowel resection, one of them for recurrence. Nineteen (70%) patients had an ostomy, which was permanent in 11. Fifteen patients are without medical treatment. Conclusions: Most of the reviewed patients required total colectomy for the control of the disease with a low surgical morbidity. Two-thirds required an ileostomy, which became permanent in half of them.

Background: Exclusive involvement of the colon or rectum in Crohn's disease, called Crohn's colitis, (CC) occurs in about 25% of these patients. Aim: To analyze early surgical results and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for CC. Material and Methods: Review of a prospective database, identifying patients with Crohn's disease operated between 2003 and 2015 and excluding those with ileocecal disease. We analyzed demographic data, pre and postoperative pharmacological treatment, operations, morbidity and the need for a second bowel resection at follow-up. Results: We reviewed data from 28 patients aged 17 to 72 years (15 men). Twenty-seven (96.4%) had previous pharmacological treatment, 11 received monoclonal antibodies. The most common indications for surgical treatment were failure of medical treatment in 15 cases, acute severe colitis in 12 and anemia/malnutrition in eight. Total colectomy was performed in 17 (61%) patients, proctocolectomy in 8 (29%) and segmental colectomies in 3 (11%). Sixteen (57%) were operated laparoscopically. Major postoperative complications were observed in 5 (18%). Four needed a reintervention. There was no operative mortality. During a 55 months median follow-up of 27 patients, seven (26%) required a second bowel resection, one of them for recurrence. Nineteen (70%) patients had an ostomy, which was permanent in 11. Fifteen patients are without medical treatment. Conclusions: Most of the reviewed patients required total colectomy for the control of the disease with a low surgical morbidity. Two-thirds required an ileostomy, which became permanent in half of them.

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the colon, with alternating periods of remission and activity. Exacerbations can be severe and associated with complications and mortality. Diagnosis of severe UC is based on clinical, biochemical and endoscopic variables. Patients with severe UC must be hospitalized. First line therapy is the use of intravenous corticoids which achieve clinical remission in most patients. However, 25% of patients will be refractory to corticoids, situation that should be evaluated at the third day of therapy. In patients without response, cytomegalovirus infection must be quickly ruled out to escalate to second line therapy with biological drugs or cyclosporine. Total colectomy must not be delayed if there is no response to second line therapy, if there is a contraindication for second line therapies or there are complications such as: megacolon, perforation or massive bleeding. An active management with quick escalation on therapy allows to decrease the prolonged exposure to corticoids, reduce colectomy rates and its perioperative complications.

Background: In patients suffering intestinal failure due to short bowel, the goal of an Intestinal Rehabilitation Program is to optimize and tailor all aspects of clinical management, and eventually, wean patients off lifelong parenteral nutrition. Aim: To report the results of our program in patients suffering intestinal failure. Patients and Methods: A registry of all patients referred to the Intestinal Failure unit between January 2009 and December 2015 was constructed. Initial work up included prior intestinal surgery, blood tests, endoscopic and imaging studies. Also demographic data, medical and surgical management as well as clinical follow-up, were registered. Results: Data from 14 consecutive patients aged 26 to 84 years (13 women) was reviewed. Mean length of remnant small bowel was 100 cm and they were on parenteral nutrition for a median of eight months. Seven of 14 patients had short bowel secondary to mesenteric vascular events (embolism/thrombosis). Medical management and autologous reconstruction of the bowel included jejuno-colic anastomosis in six, enterorraphies in three, entero-rectal anastomosis in two, lengthening procedures in two, ileo-colic anastomosis in one and reversal Roux-Y gastric bypass in one. Thirteen of 14 patients were weaned off parenteral nutrition. Conclusions: Our Multidisciplinary Intestinal Rehabilitation Program, allowed weaning most of the studied patients off parenteral nutrition.

While some genetic factors may explain the development of cancer, its main causes are related to environmental exposure to carcinogenic agents as well as to the effect of determined lifestyles and habits. Several epidemiological studies have shown a consistent relation between obesity and cancer. In non smokers, obesity is the most relevant risk factor in the development of malignant tumors. There is a clear association between obesity and endometrial cancer, breast cancer in postmenopausal women, pancreatic, esophageal and colon cancer. Sexual steroids, insulin like growth factor axis and adipokines are the three main models to explain the biological basis for the obesity-cancer relationship. However, these models do not explain all the biological mechanisms that link obesity to cancer. There are other factors in play such as chronic inflammation, hypoxia and oxidative stress. Obesity may hamper the screening, diagnosis and treatment of some tumors, increasing mortality rates. Obesity prevention and management, therefore, may be the most important modifiable factor in reducing both incidence and mortality in cancer. New studies are required to quantify the effect of intentional weight reduction on the incidence and relapse of cancer. Considering the efficacy of bariatric surgery for weight reduction, it is an attractive model to study this link.

While some genetic factors may explain the development of cancer, its main causes are related to environmental exposure to carcinogenic agents as well as to the effect of determined lifestyles and habits. Several epidemiological studies have shown a consistent relation between obesity and cancer. In non smokers, obesity is the most relevant risk factor in the development of malignant tumors. There is a clear association between obesity and endometrial cancer, breast cancer in postmenopausal women, pancreatic, esophageal and colon cancer. Sexual steroids, insulin like growth factor axis and adipokines are the three main models to explain the biological basis for the obesity-cancer relationship. However, these models do not explain all the biological mechanisms that link obesity to cancer. There are other factors in play such as chronic inflammation, hypoxia and oxidative stress. Obesity may hamper the screening, diagnosis and treatment of some tumors, increasing mortality rates. Obesity prevention and management, therefore, may be the most important modifiable factor in reducing both incidence and mortality in cancer. New studies are required to quantify the effect of intentional weight reduction on the incidence and relapse of cancer. Considering the efficacy of bariatric surgery for weight reduction, it is an attractive model to study this link.

Las metastasis de carcinomas extragenitales al utero es rara y el compromiso al cuello uterino es excepcional, especialmente del tipo histologico de carcinoma de celulas en anillo de sello. Se presentan tres casos encontrados en 240 adenocarcinomas cervicales (1,25%) diagnosticados entre 1979-2012. Dos casos se presentaron en pacientes de 48 y 56 anos originados en carcinomas lobulillares infiltrantes de la mama diagnosticados previamente. La primera paciente esta viva a 19 meses del diagnostico ginecologico y la segunda fallecio a los 14 meses, siendo en ambas un hallazgo histologico incidental en cirugias realizadas por patologia ginecologica benigna. El tercer caso se presento en una paciente de 43 anos que debuto por metrorragia y tumor cervical y fue originado en un carcinoma gastrico infiltrante difuso, encontrado en forma sincronica y fallece a los 2 meses del diagnostico. Se revisan los criterios diagnosticos entre metastasis y carcinoma primario de celulas en anillo de sello del cuello uterino y el aporte al diagnostico de la histologia convencional, la inmunohistoquimica y la tipificacion molecular de HPV. Conclusion: Se concluye que la metastasis de carcinoma de celulas en anillo al cuello uterino es rara y el pronostico es malo. La citoreduccion y la quimioterapia podria tener un rol para casos seleccionados de carcinomas metastasicos de origen mamario y que estos casos no deberian ser considerados un evento preterminal.

Las metástasis de carcinomas extragenitales al útero es rara y el compromiso al cuello uterino es excepcional, especialmente del tipo histológico de carcinoma de células en anillo de sello. Se presentan tres casos encontrados en 240 adenocarcinomas cervicales (1,25%) diagnosticados entre 1979-2012. Dos casos se presentaron en pacientes de 48 y 56 años originados en carcinomas lobulillares infiltrantes de la mama diagnosticados previamente. La primera paciente está viva a 19 meses del diagnóstico ginecológico y la segunda falleció a los 14 meses, siendo en ambas un hallazgo histológico incidental en cirugías realizadas por patología ginecológica benigna. El tercer caso se presentó en una paciente de 43 años que debutó por metrorragia y tumor cervical y fue originado en un carcinoma gástrico infiltrante difuso, encontrado en forma sincrónica y fallece a los 2 meses del diagnóstico. Se revisan los criterios diagnósticos entre metástasis y carcinoma primario de células en anillo de sello del cuello uterino y el aporte al diagnóstico de la histología convencional, la inmunohistoquímica y la tipificación molecular de HPV. Conclusión: Se concluye que la metástasis de carcinoma de células en anillo al cuello uterino es rara y el pronóstico es malo. La citoreducción y la quimioterapia podría tener un rol para casos seleccionados de carcinomas metastásicos de origen mamario y que estos casos no deberían ser considerados un evento preterminal. The uterine metastatic involving of extragenital carcinomas is rare, especially the signetring cell type. Three of such a cases were found in 240 cases of adenocarcinomas of uterine cervix (1.25%) diagnosed between 1979-2012. Two of these cases occurred in patients aged 48 and 56 years with infiltrating lobular carcinomas arising in the breast previously diagnosed. The first patient is alive at 19 months after diagnosis and the second is deceased at 14 months after diagnosis. In both cases, the metastasis to the cervix was an incidental histological finding in surgeries performed by benign gynecological pathology. The third case was identified in a 43-years old patient who debuted with metrorrhagia and cervical tumor which was originated in a diffuse infiltrating gastric carcinoma that was found synchronously and she is dead at 2 months after diagnosis. The diagnostic criteria between metastases and primary cervix carcinoma of signet ring cells and the contribution to the diagnosis of conventional histology, immunohistochemistry and molecular typing of HPV are reviewed. The metastasis of signet ring cell carcinoma to the uterine cervix is rare and the survival is poor. Conclusion: The role of cytoreduction and chemotherapy for selected cases of metastasis from breast carcinomas should be considered and in such a case the gynecological involvement should not be considered a preterminal event.

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have elevated serum levels of ultrasensitive C reactive protein (CRPus). This raise may be related directly to COPD and its associated systemic inflammation or secondary to other factors such as smoking status, disease severity, acute exacerbations, or associated complications. Aim: To evaluate the potential causes of raised levels of CRPus in stable COPD patients. Patients and Methods: Cohorts of 133 mild-to-very severe COPD patients (41 current smokers), 31 never-smokers, and 33 current smoker controls were compared. Clinical assessments included body mass index (BMI), fat (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) measurement by DEXA, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), six-minute walking test (SMWT), emphysema (EMPH) and right thigh muscle cross-sectional area (TMCSA), both quantified by high resolution computed tomography. Results: Serum CRPus levels were significantly higher in COPD patients than in controls (7 ± 4.2 and 3.7 ± 2.7 mg/L respectively; p < 0.0001). Being smoker did not influence CRPus levels. These levels were significantly correlated with FM (r = 0.30), BMI (r = 0.21), FEV1 (r = -0.21), number of acute exacerbations of the disease in the last year (r = 0.28), and PaO2 (r = -0.27). Using multivariate analysis FM, PaO2, and number of acute exacerbations of the disease in the last year had the strongest association with CRPus levels. Conclusions: CRPus is elevated in COPD patients, independent of smoking status. It is weakly associated with fat mass, arterial oxygen tension and frequency of exacerbations.

Doege-Potter syndrome is characterized for hypoglycemia associated with solitary pleural fibrous tumors. We report a 38-year-old woman with a history of weight loss, malaise and edema. After an episode of symptomatic hypoglycemia, she was admitted to the hospital, where she had new episodes of hypoglycemia. A Chest X ray and scan showed a right pleural tumor that was surgically excised. After surgery the episodes of hypoglycemia subsided. The pathological study of the tumor revealed a solitary fibrous pleural tumor. After 15 months of follow up, the patient is symptom free and without evidence of tumor relapse.

Doege-Potter syndrome is characterized for hypoglycemia associated with solitary pleural fibrous tumors. We report a 38-year-old woman with a history of weight loss, malaise and edema. After an episode of symptomatic hypoglycemia, she was admitted to the hospital, where she had new episodes of hypoglycemia. A Chest X ray and scan showed a right pleural tumor that was surgically excised. After surgery the episodes of hypoglycemia subsided. The pathological study of the tumor revealed a solitary fibrous pleural tumor. After 15 months of follow up, the patient is symptom free and without evidence of tumor relapse.

Se presenta un caso de leiomioma pulmonar metastizante en una mujer de 48 años. El estudio histológico reveló múltiples nódulos pulmonares de musculatura lisa de aspecto benigno. El seguimiento a 8 años mostró una paciente en buenas condiciones generales sin síntomas respiratorios. La historia clínica reveló antecedentes de histerectomía cuatro años antes debido a múltiples leiomiomas. Se hace una revisión clínico patológica de los tumores musculares lisos uterinos en sus formas clásicas y en sus presentaciones inusuales. A case of pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma in a 48 years old female is presented. The histological study showed pulmonary nodules formed by smooth muscle cell of benign appearance. The 8 years follow up revealed a patient in a good fashion without respiratory symptoms. There was a 4 years history of previous hysterectomy due to multiple uterine leiomyomas. A clinico pathological review of the classical and unusual forms of smooth muscle tumors of the uterus is also presented.

Se presenta un caso de leiomioma pulmonar metastizante en una mujer de 48 anos. El estudio histologico revelo multiples nodulos pulmonares de musculatura lisa de aspecto benigno. El seguimiento a 8 anos mostro una paciente en buenas condiciones generales sin sintomas respiratorios. La historia clinica revelo antecedentes de histerectomia cuatro anos antes debido a multiples leiomiomas. Se hace una revision clinico patologica de los tumores musculares lisos uterinos en sus formas clasicas y en sus presentaciones inusuales.

El tumor de células granulares en la vía biliar es una neoplasia rara de origen neural, en su mayoría benigna y cuya presentación puede sugerir patología maligna. Objetivo: Se presenta el caso clínico, características anatomopatológicas, manejo y evolución de una paciente joven que se presenta con ictericia obstructiva por estenosis subcarinal biliar. Paciente y Método: Paciente 32 años, sexo femenino, con ictericia, coluria y prurito. Diagnóstico de estenosis biliar y dilatación de vía biliar intrahepática se confirma con colangiorre-sonancia magnética. Se realiza resección de vía biliar extrahepática desde supracarinal que incluye vía biliar distal. Reconstitución bilioentérica a Y de Roux que involucra cuatro conductos intrahepáticos. Evoluciona en forma satisfactoria en el postoperatorio. El seguimiento alejado a 17 meses revela una satisfactoria condición de la paciente, sin signos de complicación o recidiva. Conclusión: El manejo por un equipo de experiencia multidisciplinario nos permitió ayudar a una paciente con rara patología, benigna en lo histológico, pero que puede representar un gran desafío técnico. Bile ducts granular cell tumor is a rare entity. Of neural origin, mostly benign, may, however, present mimicking malignancy. We report a 32 years old female presenting with painless jaundice and extrahepatic bile ducts stenosis confirmed with MRC. Extrahepatic bile ducts resection is performed. Reconstruction involves four independent ducts to a Roux en Y enteric loop. She has a good postoperative outcome, with no evidence of complications nor recurrence at 17 months of follow up.

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) decrease their physical activity. However, it is unknown at which stage of the disease the reduction occurs and whether dyspnea is a limiting factor. Aim: To compare physical activity between patients with COPD and controls of similar age and to assess its association with disease severity. Material and Methods: We studied 112 patients with mild to very severe COPD and 55 controls. Lung function, six-minutes walking test (SMWT), and physical activity through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were measured. Results: Compared to controls, physical activity was significantly reduced in COPD patients (1823 ± 2598 vs. 2920 ± 3040 METs min/week; p = 0.001). Patients were more frequently sedentary (38 vs. 11%), while controls were more often very active (31 vs. 19%) or moderately active (58 vs. 43%). Physical activity was reduced from Global Initiative for Obstructive Chronic Lung Disease (GOLD) stage 2 and from Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnea grade 1. Weak relationships were observed between lung function, SMWT and physical activity. Conclusions: Physical activity decreases early in the course of the disease and when dyspnea is still mild, among patients with COPD. (Rev Med Chile 2011; 139:1562-1572).

Among patients with short bowel syndrome, surgical small intestine lengthening techniques are employed to increase the absorptive surface. Among these, serial transverse enteroplasty involves transecting the bowel transversally, preserving the blood supply of the small intestine and creating a longer segment of bowel. We report a 51-year-old woman with a short bowel syndrome and multiple hospital admissions for complications. She was subjected to a serial transverse enteroplasty, increasing small intestinal length from 140 to 180 cm. During the postoperative period, she presented intra abdominal blood collections and a septic episode with bacterial endocarditis. One month after the operation, total parenteral nutrition was discontinued and nutritional and fluid balances were achieved using exclusively the oral route. During the ambulatory follow up, the patient continues with exclusive oral feeding and five bowel movements per day

Among patients with short bowel syndrome, surgical small intestine lengthening techniques are employed to increase the absorptive surface. Among these, serial transverse enteroplasty involves transecting the bowel transversally, preserving the blood supply of the small intestine and creating a longer segment of bowel. We report a 51-year-old woman with a short bowel syndrome and multiple hospital admissions for complications. She was subjected to a serial transverse enteroplasty, increasing small intestinal length from 140 to 180 cm. During the postoperative period, she presented intra abdominal blood collections and a septic episode with bacterial endocarditis. One month after the operation, total parenteral nutrition was discontinued and nutritional and fuid balances were achieved using exclusively the oral route. During the ambulatory follow up, the patient continues with exclusive oral feeding and fve bowel movements per day.

Antecedentes: El tumor de células de la granulosa (TCG) ovárico es considerado una neoplasia de la cuerda sexual, de baja frecuencia, en su mayoría debuta en etapas tempranas, con patrón de crecimiento lento y puede presentar metástasis tardías. Objetivo: Presentar un caso clínico de metástasis pulmonares de TCG ovárico 26 años después del diagnóstico. Caso clínico: Mujer de 70 años, con antecedentes de TCG ovárico diagnosticado en 1976, tratado con histerectomía, salpingooforectomía bilateral y quimioterapia triasociada. En buenas condiciones generales hasta el 2002, detectándose múltiples nodulos tumorales pulmonares bilaterales correspondientes a metástasis de TCG. Recibió quimioterapia con platino y etopó-sido. Actualmente la paciente se encuentra viva, con enfermedad tumoral pulmonar de lento crecimiento. Conclusión: A lo mejor de nuestro conocimiento, se trata del tercer caso a nivel mundial de un TCG ovárico con metástasis pulmonares tardías, 26 años posdiagnóstico del tumor primario. Se señala el curso clínico de lenta evolución de esta neoplasia y la relevancia de los controles a largo plazo incluyendo niveles de estradiol o inhibina. Background: Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary (GCT) of the ovary is a sex cord related tumor. It is a low frequency neoplasm with low clinical progression but it may show late metastases. Objective: To present a 70 year old female with a GCT of the ovary with multiple pulmonary metastases after 26 years from the initial diagnosis of the primary tumor. Clinic case: The patient had an ovarian GCT diagnosed by histology in 1976 and underwent hysterectomy, bilateral salpingoophorectomy and chemotherapy. The clinical course was satisfactory until 2002 when she presented with respiratory symptoms and images showing multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules that were histologically confirmed to be GCT metastases. The patient underwent chemotherapy with platinum and ethoposide. Actually the patient is alive with metastatic disease. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the third case in medical literature of a GCT of the ovary with late pulmonary metastases 26 years after the initial diagnosis. This case illustrates the protracted clinical course of the neoplasm and the importance of the long term follow up including levels of estradiol and inhibin.

Obesity is a chronic disease with an increasing prevalence in all groups of age, and is associated to increased general mortality and cardiovascular risk. The multidisciplinary non surgical approach must be the treatment of choice for obese subjects. However, the results of such approach among subjects with severe or morbid obesity, are unsatisfactory. In this group of patients, bariatric surgery and specifically gastric bypass achieves good long term results, maintaining a low body mass index, reducing complications and improving quality of life. Considering the widespread practice of bariatric surgery in Chile, the Nutrition Unit of the Ministry of Health formed a task force to propose update guidelines for the surgical treatment of obesity. These guidelines were proposed after a thorough literature review and discussion with groups that practice bariatric surgery using defined protocols. This document provides a summarized version of the guidelines. The first section discusses the background for bariatric surgery and the second part give specific recommendations for patient management and the formation of reference centers for surgical management of obesity

Reportamos el primer caso en Chile de displasia mesenquimática placentaria que coexistió con un feto sano y cuyo curso clínico demostró un exitoso resultado perinatal. Se revisa la literatura y se definen las claves del diagnóstico diferencial The first case in Chile of placental mesenchymal dysplasia is reported. The abnormal placenta coexisted with a normal fetus and the clinical course demostrated a successful perinatal outcome. The literature is reviewed and the keys of differential diagnoses are defined

RESUMENReportamos el primer caso en Chile de displasia mesenquimatica placentaria que coexistio con un fetosano y cuyo curso clinico demostro un exitoso resultado perinatal. Se revisa la literatura y se definen lasclaves del diagnostico diferencial.PALABRAS CLAVE: Displasia mesenquimatica placentariaSUMMARYThe first case in Chile of placental mesenchymal dysplasia is reported. The abnormal placenta coexistedwith a normal fetus and the clinical course demostrated a successful perinatal outcome. The literature isreviewed and the keys of differential diagnoses are defined.KEY WORDS: Placental mesenchymal dysplasia Casos Clinicos han descrito casos de mosaicismo con triploidiaconfinada solo a la placenta (11). Se ha documen-tado tambien un caso en que una porcion de laplacenta muestra las caracteristicas de una molacompleta y mosaicismo consistente con diploidiadiandrica en el segmento placentario comprometi-do y cariotipo normal biparental en el resto de laplacenta y feto (12).El objetivo de esta comunicacion es informar elprimer caso de displasia mesenquimatica placen-taria en el pais con resultado perinatal exitoso.CASO CLINICOMujer de 20 anos, cesarizada anterior, queingresa al Hospital Regional de Concepcion enenero de 2001 cursando un embarazo de 31 se-manas de edad gestacional segura y confiable,complicado por sindrome hipertensivo del embara-INTRODUCCIONLa displasia mesenquimatica placentaria (DMP)o pseudomola es una rara condicion que represen-ta el 0,2% de las referencias a centros especiali-zados por posible enfermedad molar, sin embargo,hay claras evidencias de que es subdiagnosticada(1, 2). En la DMP se observa una difusa degene-racion hidropica macroscopica de las vellosidadesen el segundo y tercer trimestre del embarazo,pero sin las alteraciones histologicas de la molaparcial, en que hay hiperplasia focal del trofoblastoy un feto con los severos estigmas de la triploidia.El feto puede ser fenotipicamente normal o mos-trar todas o algunas de las caracteristicas del Sin-drome de Beckwith-Wiedemann (3-6). El diagnos-tico diferencial es con una mola parcial (7, 8) yembarazos multiples en que coexistian molas com-pletas o parciales con fetos normales (9, 10). Se

La actinomicosis es una enfermedad infecciosa que puede ser grave, dejar secuelas y producir mortalidad. Se presenta una serie de 22 casos diagnosticados por biopsia entre 1979-1998. La edad promedio fue de 39,3 años; número de partos de 3,2 por paciente; 18 (81,2%) usaban DIU (la mayoría Lippes) por un tiempo variable de 2 a 28 años (media 10,4 años) y el 61% de las pacientes por más de 5 años. El motivo de consulta más frecuente fue dolor abdominal (64%) y el tiempo que demoró el diagnóstico fue variable de semanas a años. Dieciocho pacientes recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico (82%), de ellas a solo 6 se les trató además con antibióticos. Como consecuencia de la enfermedad 4 de 9 pacientes en edad fértil quedaron con infertilidad y un caso resultó fatal. Por lo anterior se sugiere que a pacientes usuarias de DIU y con Pap positivos para actinomicosis se les debe retirar el dispositivo. El tratamiento quirúrgico se considera especialmente para resección de abscesos tuboováricos, drenajes y tratamiento de complicaciones obstructivas y debe ser seguido de antibiótico por tiempo prolongado a fin de evitar las complicaciones graves de la enfermedad. Debido a que el diagnóstico se basa en el hallazgo de los gránulos de azufre en el estudio de la pieza quirúrgica y la confirmación histológica de las colonias bacterianas, se sugiere un muestreo amplio de los especímenes para estudio microscópico Actinomycosis is an infectious disease. It may lead to sequels and may cause death. This is a 22 patients group, mean age 39.3 years, parity 3.2, diagnosed by biopsy between 1979 and 1998; 18 patients (81.2%) used IUD for 2 to 28 years (mean 10.4), 11 patients (61%) used it for more than 5 years. They consulted because of abdominal pain (64% of cases). Diagnose took from weeks to years. 18 patients (81.2%) were surgically treated, only 6 of them received antibiotic therapy; 4 of 9 patients in fertile age resulted in infertility. There was one fatal case. We suggest that IUDs users with positive PAP for Actinomices must stop it use. Surgical treatment should be considered for tubo ovarian abscess, drainages and obstructives complications. Long use of antibiotic therapy is recommended in order to avoid serious complications. Since diagnosis is based in the finding of "sulfur granules" in the surgical piece and the histological confirmation of bacterial colonies, we suggest a wide sampling of tissue for microscopic study

One of the most frecuent complications of enteral nutrition is formula contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and routes by which enteral formula contamination occurs. Two types of formula were evaluated, one powdered and one liquid, with sterile re-used containers. The results show that the most important way of contamination is in the formula-preparing unit by manipulation or use of contaminated utensils. The utilization of re-used containers contributes to contamination in a lesser degree. The solution administration sets have a high degree of contamination, over 85% and this is not modified by the use of sterile material. Probably there is also a retrograde contamination mechanism.