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A elaboração do presente trabalho busca realizar uma análise crítica acerca da maneira como alguns conteúdos de Geografia da População vêm sendo trabalhados no livro didático de Geografia, em específico, conteúdos que trabalham com o acréscimo e o decréscimo do quantitativo populacional como: crescimento demográfico e superpopulação relativa, controle das taxas de mortalidade e natalidade, expectativa de vida, dentre outros aspectos relevantes. Sendo assim, buscamos compreender os fatores que circundam o lecionar destes conteúdos, tendo em vista buscar vias de acesso ao melhoramento do ensino, e ainda mostrar que existem falhas, mas também qualidades no modelo de educação atual. Assim, com base nessas questões norteadoras, buscamos contextualizar como os conteúdos referentes aos aspectos populacionais vêm sendo tratados nos livros didáticos de Geografia do ensino médio e suas contribuições para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem.

No nutritional protocol for poorly controlled diabetic patients receiving well-managed drug treatment is currently available. Objective: Aims were to compare dietary consumption of calcium and fibers with lipid profile and glycosilated hemoglobin HbA1c. Methodology: This was a prospective observational study. Patients with poorly controlled diabetes were consecutively recruited. A food-frequency questionnaire and tests for lipid profile, HbA1c, and C reactive protein were collected, along with clinical and anthropometric assessment. Results: Patients (N = 114, age 65.7 ± 6.5 years, 75.4% females, BMI 29.0 ± 5.3 kg/m²) were often insulin-dependent (32.5%) and with systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein 4.2 ± 3.9 mg/L). Diet was energy restricted (1,365 ± 565 kcal/day) and mostly adequate but with suboptimal fiber (15.4 ± 8.6 g/day) and very low calcium (592.4 ± 204.4 mg/day). Calcium and fiber in the diet correlated with serum lipids, whereas fiber alone displayed a protective association regarding diabetes (HBA1c, insulin use) and arterial hypertension. Conclusions: Calcium and fiber ingestion exhibited correlations with important markers of metabolic status and cardiovascular risk. Future studies should address enhancement of these ingredients by means of dietary changes and supplements.Ningún protocolo nutricional es presentemente disponible para pacientes diabéticos mal controlados recibindo terapia farmacológica bien estructurada. Objetivo: Una comparación entre consumo dietético de cálcio y fibras, y concentraciones de lípidos y hemoglobina glicosilada HbA1c fue efectuada. Metodología: Este fue un estúdio prospectivo observacional. Pacientes con diabetes mal controlada fueron consecutivamente recrutados. Las variables fueron cuestionário de frecuéncia alimentária, evaluación clínica y antropométrica, y valores séricos de lípidos, HbA1c, proteina C reactiva (PCR). Resultados: Los pacientes (N = 114, edad 65,7 ± 6,5 años, 75,4% mujeres, IMC 29,0 ± 5,3 kg/m²) eran con moderada frecuencia insulino-dependentes (32,5%) y también sistemicamiente inflamados (PCR 4,2 ± 3,9 mg/L). La dieta era pobre en calorias (1,365 ± 565 kcal/d) pero globalmente acceptable, aún que baja en fibras (15,4 ± 8,6 g/d) y muy baja en cálcio (592,4 ± 204,4 mg/d). El cálcio e la fibra de la dieta se correlacionaran con valores lipídicos, pero solo la fibra estuvo asociada a mejor panorama de diabetes (HbA1c, uso de insulina) y de hipertensión arterial. Conclusiones: La ingestión de cálcio y fibra estuvieron correlacionadas con importantes marcadores de estado metabólico y riesgo cardiovascular. Estúdios futuros son recomendados con empleo de mayores proporciones de estes ingredientes en forma de dieta o suplementos.

Low-grade inflammation adversely influences metabolism and cardiovascular prognosis, nevertheless increased intake of fruits and vegetables has rarely been studied in this context. Objective: In a prospective controlled study, the effect on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels was assessed. Methodology: Sixty consecutive women undergoing cosmetic abdominal surgery were instructed to consume six servings each of fruits and vegetables during the first postoperative month. Detailed 24h interviewer-administered dietary recall was conducted at baseline and at the end of the study, with weekly returns to monitor unscheduled dietary changes and compliance with the protocol. Variance (ANOVA) and covariance (ANCOVA) were evaluated to confirm significance and minimize confounding variables. Results: No differences concerning age (42.2 ± 5.3 vs 41.1 ± 6.0 years) or BMI (25.5± 3.1 vs 25.0± 3.0 kg/m²) occurred. Ingestion of fruits increased to approximately 5.2 vs 3.9 and of vegetables 5.9 vs 3.4 servings/ day, respectively. CRP decreased more conspicuously in the treated group (P=0.028), and correlation between vitamin C input and CRP in supplemented participants was demonstrated (P=0.014). Conclusions: Higher intake of antioxidant foods was feasible, and an antiinflammaotory effect occurred. Further studies with longer administration and follow-up period are recommended.Inflamación subclínica influencia adversamiente el metabolismo y el pronóstico cardiovascular, pero ingestión elevada de vegetales y frutas há sido pocas veces investigada en este contexto. Objetivo: En un estúdio prospectivo y controlado, el impacto sobre la proteina C-reactiva fue determinado. Metodología: Sesenta pacientes consecutivas sometidas a cirugía cosmética abdominal fueron instruídas a consumir seis porciones diárias de frutas y mais seis de vegetales, en el primero més de postoperatório. Un recordatório alimentar detallado registrado por dietista fue conducido inicialmiente y al cabo del estúdio, con retornos semanales para monitorar aderéncia y cámbios eventuales de la dieta. Análisis de variáncia (ANOVA) y covariáncia (ANCOVA) fueron realizadas para evaluar resultados y minimizar variables de confusión. Conclusiones: Un consumo mas alto de alimientos antioxidantes fue posible, y una respuesta antiinflamatória fue documentada. Estúdios adicionales com suministración y seguimiento mas prolongados son recomendados.

No nutritional protocol for poorly controlled diabetic patients receiving well-managed drug treatment is currently available. Objective: Aims were to compare dietary consumption of calcium and fibers with lipid profile and glycosilated hemoglobin HbA1c. Methodology: This was a prospective observational study. Patients with poorly controlled diabetes were consecutively recruited. A food-frequency questionnaire and tests for lipid profile, HbA1c, and C reactive protein were collected, along with clinical and anthropometric assessment. Results: Patients (N = 114, age 65.7 ± 6.5 years, 75.4% females, BMI 29.0 ± 5.3 kg/m²) were often insulin-dependent (32.5%) and with systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein 4.2 ± 3.9 mg/L). Diet was energy restricted (1,365 ± 565 kcal/day) and mostly adequate but with suboptimal fiber (15.4 ± 8.6 g/day) and very low calcium (592.4 ± 204.4 mg/day). Calcium and fiber in the diet correlated with serum lipids, whereas fiber alone displayed a protective association regarding diabetes (HBA1c, insulin use) and arterial hypertension. Conclusions: Calcium and fiber ingestion exhibited correlations with important markers of metabolic status and cardiovascular risk. Future studies should address enhancement of these ingredients by means of dietary changes and supplements.